Q&A Hero

Q: Which type of stalker does not seek a personal relationship with their targets? A) Love obsession B) Possessive C) Vengeance D) Erotomania

Q: The majority of mass murderers plan to die at the crime scene.

Q: Psychological definitions of delinquency usually include A) conduct disorder and antisocial behavior. B) habitual behavior and violent behavior. C) cruelty to animals and fire setting. D) status offenses and antisocial behavior.

Q: Child abuse is an example of a status offense.

Q: The primary motive for juvenile arsons appears to be A) parental revenge. B) crime concealment. C) financial gain. D) vandalism. E) fame.

Q: Children are more likely to be victims of violence away from school, as opposed to in school.

Q: According to Loeber et al. (2003), child delinquents ________ compared to adolescents who begin offending in their teens. A) are two to three times more likely to become serious violent and chronic offenders B) commit more serious offenses C) are twice as likely to have a diagnosed mental disorder D) are three times more likely to have an undiagnosed mental disorder

Q: Like adult crime, juvenile crime overall has increased since the 1990s.

Q: The primary motive for adult arsons appears to be A) revenge. B) crime concealment. C) financial gain. D) vandalism.

Q: There has been an overabundance of research directed at mass murderers.

Q: A child delinquent is between the ages of A) 7 and 12. B) birth and 7. C) 6 and 13. D) birth and 14.

Q: Reported studies of self-reported criminal activity are conducted primarily with adults who are incarcerated.

Q: All of the following are categories of hostage takers except A) prisoners. B) criminals. C) politicals. D) terrorists.

Q: Criminal profiling is most often used to determine an offender's specific identity.

Q: Which statement is most accurate about juvenile crime? A) Juvenile crime has generally decreased since the mid 1990s. B) The juvenile crime rate has been steadily increasing since 1990. C) Compared to adults, juveniles are responsible for disproportionately higher number of violent crimes. D) Juveniles are more likely to be perpetrators rather than victims of violent crime.

Q: 2013 UCR data indicate that the most frequently occurring Part I crime was murder.

Q: In dealing with a barricade situation, which of the following is not recommended to hostage negotiators? A) Denying the hostage taker's desired excitement or stimulation B) Calm handling C) Threatening to involve the hostage-taker's family in negotiations D) Providing minimum media attention

Q: Kraemer, Lord, and Heilbrun (2004) found that serial offenders often prefer guns, while single victim offenders prefer hands on killing.

Q: How many states tried as adults in criminal courts under certain conditions and for certain offenses? A) Zero B) Two C) Twenty D) Fifty

Q: Antisocial behavior is synonymous with criminal behavior.

Q: A hostage is most likely to survive a hostage situation if she A) plays the subordinate role and not attract attention to oneself. B) attempts to reason with the hostage takers. C) becomes assertive and argumentative. D) pleads for mercy.

Q: Research shows that criminal profiling should be restricted to serial murder and serial sexual assaults.

Q: Which status offense has substantially increased in recent years? A) Cocaine use B) Incorrigibility C) Underage drinking D) Truancy

Q: The text primarily focuses on mentally disordered offenders.

Q: A serious mental disorder characterized by abnormal fascination with fire is called A) firesetting. B) arson obsession. C) anhedonia. D) pyromania.

Q: The backgrounds of many school shooters include an interest in guns and other weaponry, and they often had easy access to firearms.

Q: All of the following are status offenses except A) running away. B) incorrigibility. C) cocaine use. D) truancy.

Q: According to crime experts, the dark figure represents the most violent crimes.

Q: Which pattern of firesetting is often linked to the cover-up of other crimes? A) Instrumental-object pattern B) Expressive-object pattern C) Intentional-expressive pattern D) Expressive-person pattern

Q: A large majority of workplace homicides do not involve murder between coworkers or supervisors within an organization but occur in robberies and related crimes by people outside the organization.

Q: Why is it pessimistic to view violence and aggression as a genetically programmed aspect of human nature? Explain the sentence: Aggression is a simple, direct method of solving immediate conflicts.

Q: Most antisocial behaviors go undetected by law enforcement.

Q: According to Miron and Goldstein's typology of hostage-taking offenses, a hostage taker who kidnaps a child and holds the child for ransom is demonstrating A) instrumental conduct. B) expressive aphasia. C) receptive conduct. D) expressive conduct.

Q: Serial murder by children or adolescents is an exceedingly rare event.

Q: Choose three concepts in the chapter and one newsworthy case. Define the concepts and use the concepts to explain the case.

Q: In general, individuals sentenced to prison accurately represent the "true" criminal population.

Q: Research by Wright et al. (2006) found that all of the following are characteristics of American street culture except A) hedonistic pursuit of sensory stimulation. B) disdain for conventional living. C) future orientation. D) image and status.

Q: Psychological profiling is the psychological description of criminal and noncriminal persons.

Q: What does the current research suggest about the effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior?

Q: The great majority of crime in the United States and other countries is neither serious nor violent.

Q: What are the two favored targets for robbery? A) Resorts and banks B) Universities and malls C) Fast-food restaurants and convenience stores D) Convenience stores and liquor stores

Q: Which of the following was reported by the National Center for Education Statistics? A) Over the years, the percentage of youth homicides occurring at school remains more than 10 percent of the total number of youth homicides. B) While fear of being harmed at school has decreased, the risk of being victimized by school violence has steadily increased. C) More school shootings have occurred in Germany than in all other countries combined. D) Students were more likely to be victims of serious violence or homicide away from school.

Q: Compare and contrast a) overt and covert acts of aggression; b) reactive and proactive aggression.

Q: The most cited source of U.S. crime statistics is the Uniform Crime Reporting Program.

Q: It is generally acknowledged that approximately ________ percent of the fires set by juveniles are reported. A) 10 B) 20 C) 25 D) 30

Q: An incident in which the offender commits serious physical or bodily harm to several workers within an organization is called A) workplace violence. B) workplace aggression. C) occupational violence. D) occupational aggression.

Q: Discuss the various theoretical perspectives on aggression, including the research in support of or refuting these perspectives.

Q: Criminology is the psychological study of crime.

Q: A major difference between robbery and other property crime is that A) robbery involves direct contact with a victim. B) robbers are less likely to be apprehended. C) robbers are more likely to rationalize their behavior. D) on average, robbery brings in more money for the offender.

Q: Which worker would be least at risk for Type I workplace violence? A) Sandy, who works 6 p.m. until closing at the Burger King counter. B) David, who works the midnight shift at the Mobil Station. C) Gretchen, who works 3-11 p.m. as a nursing assistant at the hospital. D) Al, who owns his own liquor store and often works alone 3 p.m.- midnight.

Q: Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column. A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal F) The tendency to attack space violators G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media 1. Contagion effect 2. Aggression 3. Territoriality 4. Excitation transfer theory 5. Violence 6. General aggression model 7. Reactive aggression 8. Proactive aggression 9. Weapons effect 10. Hostile aggression

Q: The legacy definition of rape included rape of males and females.

Q: In hostage-taking situations, those hostages who, after release, have considerable difficulty dealing with the after-effects of the incident are called A) survivors. B) pseudo-victims. C) masked depressed survivors. D) succumbers.

Q: Public mass shootings are also known as A) active shooter situations. B) domestic terrorism. C) geographical profiling. D) serial killing events.

Q: Researchers have found evidence that positive ________ models are likely to override violent models on television.

Q: Free will is the hallmark of classical theory.

Q: Refusal by hostages to do what captors expect during a hostage situation is called A) Stockholm syndrome. B) Markov syndrome. C) Paris syndrome. D) London syndrome.

Q: Research has found that the two consistent characteristics of school shooters are A) cruelty to animals and easy access to weapons. B) desire for revenge and history of drug use. C) interest in unusual hobbies and history of drug use. D) peer rejection and social rejection.

Q: GAM posits that violence often occurs because of a(n) ________ cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign.

Q: There is no all-encompassing psychological explanation for crime.

Q: Do you believe kleptomania is fact or fiction? Support your answer with research described in the text.

Q: When victims are chosen because the killer associates them with a primary target against whom revenge is sought, this is called A) murder by proxy. B) associative murder. C) associative selection. D) loyalty murder.

Q: Hostile attribution bias posits that youth and adults prone toward violence are more likely to interpret ________ actions as hostile and threatening than are their less aggressive counterparts.

Q: ADAM, Monitoring the Future, and NSDUH are all examples of surveys that collect data on A) drug use. B) hate crime. C) sex offending. D) status offenses.

Q: Imagine you are a security consultant for a large department store. Explain how you would target shoplifters. Include specific information about the psychological and demographic characteristics of shoplifters.

Q: Research by Fox and Levin found that most mass killings are motivated by A) profit. B) fear. C) power. D) revenge.

Q: According to Bandura's the mass media are examples of ________ models.

Q: When one person is arrested for a crime, charged with the offense and remanded to the court for prosecution, the offense is considered to be A) remanded by exceptional means. B) cleared by arrest. C) adjudicated as detected. D) mandated in hierarchy.

Q: Discuss the conceptual difficulty in defining white collar crime.

Q: Which sentence best summarizes the primary goal of a professional profiler? A) The primary goal of a professional profiler is to provide information to investigators and law enforcement that is based on solid behavioral science. B) The primary goal of a professional profiler is to enter the evil mind of the serial offender. C) The primary goal of a professional profiler is to solve the most serious and heinous crimes. D) The primary goal of a professional profiler is to support victims of serial murder and serial sexual assaults.

Q: Excitation transfer theory is based on the assumption that physiological arousal ________ over time.

Q: Which crime is the exception to the hierarchy rule? A) Rape B) Homicide C) Arson D) Robbery

Q: Explain the psychological effects of burglary on victims. How do some burglars deliberately increase these negative effects?

Q: Which term is central to the actuarial approach to crime scene investigation? A) Case-focused B) Single offender C) Base rate D) Mission-oriented

Q: The notion that the presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses is known as the ________ effect.

Q: Historically, most self-report investigations focused on A) adult offending. B) delinquency. C) sexual assault. D) homicide.

Q: Describe how dehumanization makes victimization easier for identity thieves to commit their crimes.

Q: According to La Fon (2002), the two basic types of psychological autopsies are A) suicide and equivocal death. B) empirical and anecdotal. C) compensatory and reconstructive. D) testimonial and random.

Q: The revised frustration-aggression hypothesis was proposed by ________.

Q: Which statement is true about self-report studies of criminal behavior? A) They have been found to be more accurate with female subjects. B) They are based on data provided by law enforcement. C) They attempt to measure only prior involvement in felonies. D) They suggest that crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes.