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Psychology
Q:
Scott Henggeler and his colleagues have designed a treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders that is responsive to many of the social systems influencing the child's delinquent behavior. This treatment approach is called
A) multisystemic therapy.
B) restrictive intervention.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) rehabilitative intervention.
Q:
How does the legal definition of crime limit our understanding of criminal behavior? What role does culture play in one's definition of crime?
Q:
Cyberbullying is not considered a form of cybercrime.
Q:
The majority of terrorist attacks that occur in the United States have been carried out by
A) former military personnel.
B) international terrorist organizations.
C) al-Qaeda.
D) lone wolves.
Q:
According to Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking, when are adolescents most vulnerable to considerable risk?
A) Upon entering middle school
B) When they are with peers
C) After turning 25 years old
D) When they spend time at home alone
Q:
Describe how the hierarchy rule is relevant to the dark figure of crime. Provide an example of the hierarchy rule and discuss how your example would impact official crime data.
Q:
Most bank robberies are carried out by a single offender.
Q:
Compared to other violent criminals, research shows that terrorists are often
A) reactively depressed.
B) sexually sadistic.
C) emotionally stable.
D) mentally disordered.
Q:
The stage of development described in Moffitt's 2002 follow-up study in which young people flounder, choosing not to occupy traditional adult roles such as marriage or parenthood is called
A) advanced life-course persistent.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) early onset persistent delinquent.
D) delayed maturity.
Q:
Compare and contrast the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey, focusing on: a. how the data are obtained and b. what type of information is available from each.
Q:
The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports considers arson a violent crime.
Q:
Of the forms of profiling discussed in the chapter, which would insurance companies be interested in? Explain the reasons for this interest.
Q:
Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking is based on evidence from the field of
A) forensic science.
B) entomology.
C) sociology.
D) neuroscience.
Q:
Explain the developmental approach to explaining delinquency and criminal behavior.
Q:
The most frequent and identifiable motive for arson is financial gain.
Q:
Design a program that could be offered in schools to address school violence. Include details about what research tells us about the perpetrators of these attacks.
Q:
Waaktaar et al. (2004) conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths. The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention. What were these four factors?
A) Positive family relations, self-esteem, creativity, and interpersonal skills
B) Positive peer relations, self-efficacy, creativity, and coherence
C) Positive family relations, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and coherence
D) Positive peer relations, creativity, self-esteem, and academic skills
Q:
How does Robert Merton's Strain Theory explain crimes of the rich and powerful?
Q:
From a psychological perspective, many arsonists have no intention of harming people.
Q:
Elaborate on the usefulness of organized, disorganized, and mixed crime scene classification.
Q:
Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have committed serious offenses is known as ________ intervention.
A) detention
B) restrictive
C) tertiary
D) supplemental
Q:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
A) Examines the changes and influences across a person's lifetime that may contribute to the formation of antisocial and criminal behavior
B) The overall number of criminal offenses that go undetected or are unknown by law enforcement agencies
C) The attitudes, beliefs, values, and thoughts that a person holds about the social environment, interrelations, human nature, and themselves
D) A graphic representation of a theory or a concept, designed to enhance its understanding
E) Behaviors forbidden only to juveniles because of their age
F) Contends that a deficit of self-regulation is the key factor in explaining crime and delinquency
G) The percentage of crime known to police per 100,000 population
H) Views human beings as born neutral and subject to developmental changes throughout the life course
I) Probes the situational or environmental factors that are most conducive to criminal action
J) Serious habitual actions that violate personal rights, laws, and/or widely held social norms
1. Dark figure
2. Crime rate
3. Cognitions
4. Model
5. Learning perspective
6. Sociological criminology
7. Developmental approach
8. Status offenses
9. Antisocial behavior
10. Self-control theory
Q:
The fastest growing computer crime is
A) theft.
B) hacking.
C) fraud.
D) cyberbullying.
E) theft.
Q:
Explain the concern with the term profiling. Include two flaws in modern profiling that were discussed in the text.
Q:
Prevention and treatment programs that are designed to foster and maintain resilience in youth are also known as
A) strength-based programs.
B) power-based programs.
C) selective programs.
D) individual-oriented programs.
Q:
The focus of the textbook is the repetitive and ________ offender.
Q:
The impetus for California's 1990 antistalking legislation was
A) the stalking of Steven Spielberg's seven children.
B) the murder of actress Rebecca Schaeffer.
C) the stalking and homicide of two government officials.
D) the murders of four Orange County women who were killed despite restraining orders against their assailants.
Q:
Discuss the differences in motive, victim selection, and method of killing between male and female serial killers.
Q:
All of the following are characteristic of juveniles with the callous-unemotional trait cluster except
A) lack of empathetic concern for others.
B) poverty of emotional expression.
C) limited capacity for guilt.
D) tendency to commit various status offenses.
Q:
Truancy and running away are examples of ________ offenses.
Q:
Doris Hall (1998) reports that the experience of being stalked for an extended period of time is akin to
A) mind-game playing.
B) bullying.
C) rape.
D) psychological terrorism.
Q:
What is the name of the two-pronged selective prevention program that was based on developmental principles and targeted multiple risk factors in high-risk children?
A) Fast Track Experiment
B) OJJDP boot camp
C) Multisystemic therapy
D) Diamond Run Wilderness Program
Q:
NCVS data consistently show that males are most likely to be victimized by ________.
Q:
Cyberstalking is considered a crime of
A) intimidation.
B) passion.
C) opportunity.
D) communication.
Q:
A program designed to prevent delinquent behavior before any signs of the behavioral pattern emerge is called
A) secondary prevention.
B) universal prevention.
C) tertiary prevention.
D) selective prevention.
Q:
With the exception of substance abuse, studies of self-reported criminal activity are conducted primarily with adults who are ________.
Q:
This category of stalking accounts for the majority of stalking and is illustrated by the comment, "If I can't have you, nobody will."
A) Possessive stalking
B) Vengeance stalking
C) Love obsession stalking
D) Simple obsession stalking
Q:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.A) The unconditional, naturally occurring rate of a phenomenon in a populationB) The application of psychological research and principles to the investigation of criminal behaviorC) The appeal of the victim to the offenderD) The reconstruction of the emotional life, behavioral patterns, and cognitive features of a deceased personE) A type of hunting pattern in which the offender does not specifically search for victims but depends on random encounters during the course of other activitiesMF) Incidents in which the offender intends to cause serious physical or bodily harm to an individual or individuals within an organization or to the organization itselfG) A type of mass killing usually based on a desire to save their loved ones from misery and hardshipH) Killing four or more persons at a single location with no cooling-off period between murdersI) The process of identifying personality traits, behavioral patterns, geographic habits, cognitive tendencies, and demographic features of an unknown offender based on characteristics of the crimeJ) This type of profiling is also called prospective profiling1. Desirability2. Reconstructive psychological evaluation3. Investigative psychology4. Crime scene profiling5. Workplace violence6. Loyalty7. Troller8. Suspect-based profiling9. Base rate10. Mass murder
Q:
Which of the following statements is not correct?
A) The number of prevention, intervention, and treatment programs that have been tried with delinquents and children at risk over the past three decades is overwhelming.
B) Serious forms of antisocial behavior in school-aged children and adolescents have been particularly resistant to change.
C) To date, virtually no prevention programs have been highly successful in eliminating antisocial behavior and reducing delinquent behavior.
D) One-on-one psychotherapy that treats the juvenile without involving the social environment is generally ineffective.
Q:
The UCR's definition of rape has recently been broadened to include ________ as victims.
Q:
A robbery in which the main weapon used is one's own body rather than guns, knives, or other weapons is called ________ robbery.
A) street
B) strong-arm
C) kinesthetic
D) tertiary
Q:
Columbine's death toll was surpassed by the shootings at ________ in 2007.
Q:
Which type of prevention consists of working with children and adolescents who demonstrate some early signs of aggressive, antisocial, conduct disorder, or delinquent behavior but have not yet been formally classified as delinquent?
A) Primary
B) Multisystemic
C) Tertiary
D) Secondary
Q:
The only major data source permitting a comparison of national data broken down by age, sex, race, and offense is the ________.
Q:
Current research has revealed that a large portion of the persistent firesetters are boys at a ratio of ________ to 1 to girls.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 9
Q:
Fox and Levin's (2003) five-category typology is based on the ________ for mass killings.
Q:
According to the coercive perspective, gender differences in antisocial behavior are the result of
A) poor parental monitoring.
B) different social reinforcements.
C) fetal exposure to neurotoxins.
D) presence of callous-unemotional traits.
Q:
According to the developmental approach, poor nutrition and early school failure are ________ factors for antisocial behavior.
Q:
At which age range is fascination with fire typical?
A) Between ages 1 and 3
B) Between ages 5 and 7
C) Between ages 10 and 12
D) Between ages 13 and 15
Q:
Classic murders also may be called ________ mass murders.
Q:
Poor interpersonal skills, conduct disorders, and difficult temperaments are often found in the background of ________ offenders.
A) AL
B) status
C) LCP
D) delinquent
Q:
How individual criminal activity is acquired, evoked, maintained, and modified is a focus of ________ criminology.
Q:
Which of the following is one of the developmental stages of persistent firesetting outlined by Gaynor (1996)?
A) Extinction
B) Arson obsession
C) Fireplay
D) Pyromania
Q:
Research indicates that serial murderers generally begin their careers of repetitive homicide at a relatively ________ age.
Q:
Most of the crime of the young is committed by
A) AL offenders.
B) LCP offenders.
C) psychopaths.
D) gang members.
Q:
Research conducted by ________ criminologists has allowed us to conclude that juveniles as a group are over-represented in nonviolent property offenses.
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a commercial house?
A) An apartment
B) A school
C) A church
D) A supermarket
Q:
Serial murder is usually reserved for incidents in which an individual (or individuals) kills ________ or more victims in separate events.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful intervention programs for serious juvenile offenders?
A) Follows developmental principles
B) Focuses on the juvenile's family
C) Begins early in the developmental trajectory of the child
D) Uses peer groups as models for change
Q:
The terms emerging adulthood and pathways are associated with the ________ focus on criminology.
Q:
Which type of robbery occurs in urban areas and is less likely to be planned?
A) Commercial robbery
B) Bank robbery
C) Street robbery
D) Amateur robbery
Q:
An organized crime scene indicates that the offender maintained ________ of him/herself and the victim.
Q:
A boy who hits at age three, shoplifts at age ten, commits burglary at age 19 and rapes at 26 would be considered a(n)
A) life-course persistent offender.
B) ADHD offender.
C) adolescent-limited offender.
D) incorrigible offender.
Q:
Strain theory originated in the work of sociologist ________.
Q:
In order for the Stockholm syndrome to occur all of the following must occur except
A) the hostage must somehow resist the hostage taker.
B) the hostage must be in direct social contact during the incident.
C) the hostage taker must treat the hostages kindly.
D) the hostage taker and victim must be together for a significant length of time.
Q:
Staging refers to the intentional ________ of a crime scene prior to the arrival of the police.
Q:
Which statement is NOT true about gender differences in status offenses?
A) Girls are more likely than boys to be taken into custody for status offending.
B) Recent research suggests that gender differences in offending may be explained by innate biological factors.
C) Girls are more likely to run away from home because of victimization in the home.
D) Historically, girls and boys' socialization resulted in impacted gender differences.
Q:
The modern form of classical theory is ________ theory.
Q:
The backgrounds of persistent firesetters reveal that they were often
A) the target of punishment where fire was used as the painful stimulus.
B) from families with alcoholic parents.
C) sexually abused.
D) the youngest child in a family of at least four children.
Q:
Geographic profiling focuses on the ________ of the crime.
Q:
Research suggests that serious juvenile offenders
A) demonstrate poor social skills.
B) have relatively low recidivism rates.
C) have are highly motivated to change their behavior.
D) specialize in one offense throughout their delinquent careers.
Q:
Belief in a(n) ________ just-world is associated with less compassion for others and a derogation of victims of crime.
Q:
Persistent, youthful firesetters tend to exhibit all of the following except
A) hyperactivity.
B) impulsiveness.
C) cruelty to animals
D) violence outside of firesetting.
Q:
Psychological profiling is an assessment practice designed to help in the identification and prediction of ________ in known individuals.
Q:
The statute that allows the detention or supervision of a juvenile presumed to be in need of protection is called
A) Status Protection.
B) Brawner Rule.
C) PINS.
D) Incorrigibility.
Q:
Theories of crime can be divided into classical and ________ schools.
Q:
Research on repetitive arsonists has concluded that this behavior is associated with
A) poverty.
B) psychological problems.
C) caregiving.
D) sexual deviations.
Q:
The actuarial approach concentrates on the description, understanding, and identification of a(n) ________ offender.
Q:
All of the following are major categories of unlawful acts committed by delinquents except
A) offenses against the public order.
B) unlawful acts against property.
C) sexual offenses.
D) status offenses.
Q:
The main source of victimization data on crime is the ________.