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Home » Psychology » Page 156

Psychology

Q: The callous-unemotional trait cluster is similar to core behavioral patterns of ________.

Q: A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates the basic rights of others is the hallmark of A) aggression. B) juvenile delinquency. C) ADHD. D) conduct disorder.

Q: Choose any three crimes covered in this chapter and discuss them from the perspective of the psychological effects on the victims.

Q: All of the following are true of lone wolf terrorists except A) they operate individually. B) they act without the direct influence of a leader. C) their acts of violence are spontaneous and haphazard. D) their backgrounds include poor interpersonal and social skills.

Q: Patterson's coercion developmental theory argues that the key predictor of early-onset offending is the ________ environment in which the child learns to use coercive behaviors.

Q: The three central behaviors of ADHD are A) poor language development, hyperactivity, and irritability. B) inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity. C) lack of empathy, inattention, and hostility. D) impulsivity, defiance, and violation of others' rights.

Q: Explain the motivations and situational dynamics behind street robbery.

Q: Which factor has contributed to the increase in lone wolf terrorist activities in the United States? A) Unemployment B) Social media C) Poverty D) Racial profiling

Q: Steinberg and his associates have demonstrated that adolescents as a group reach a peak of logical reasoning at approximately age 16, a time when their ________ maturity is far less developed.

Q: According to researcher Virginia Douglas (2004), which problem is central to children with ADHD? A) Lead toxicity B) Lack of understanding C) Self-regulation D) Impaired intellectual functioning

Q: Define Stockholm Syndrome and London Syndrome. Provide examples of each.

Q: Which process, identified by Ervin Staub, occurs when a group or culture is selected by another group or culture as a scapegoat or an ideological enemy? A) Relative deprivation B) Targeted selection C) Political extremism D) Cultural devaluation

Q: Moffitt's theory was formed primarily on the ________ trajectories of males.

Q: Which statement is consistent with the research on language impairment and antisocial behavior? A) Poor language development during the second year of life is a significant predictor of adult criminal behavior. B) Poor language development increases the risk of antisocial behavior in girls only. C) can lead to peer rejection and poor academic performance. D) Poor language development typically begins in adolescence and results in lifelong patterns of antisocial behavior.

Q: Compare and contrast juvenile firesetters and adult arsonists. Include research on female arsonists.

Q: The tendency of a group to develop beliefs and make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members is called A) risky shift. B) group persuasion. C) extreme terrorism. D) group think.

Q: Research indicates that most serious juvenile offenders ________ their offending over time.

Q: Rudy rarely cries when his mother leaves the room and shows no reaction when his mother picks him up. Rudy is displaying signs of ________ attachment. A) avoidant B) secure C) ambivalent D) enmeshed

Q: Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column. A) The stalker seeks power and control after a failed relationship with the victim B) The stalker tries to elicit a particular response or change of behavior from the victim C) Sending or posting harmful or cruel text or images using the Internet or other digital communication devices D) Robbery without a weapon E) An irresistible urge or passion to set fires along with an intense fascination with flames F) Unauthorized access to computers G) Hostages who did not survive the ordeal, or upon rescue have difficulty dealing with the emotional trauma caused by the event H) Threatening or harassing email messages, instant messages, or blog entries, or websites dedicated solely to tormenting an individual I) Robbery situations in which the group of offenders attempts to control their victims J) Any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another 1. Cyberbullying 2. Dominance 3. Cyberharassment 4. Succumbers 5. Pyromania 6. Vengeance stalking 7. Simple obsession stalking 8. Strong-arm robbery 9. Hacking 10. Arson

Q: According to research by Borum and Gelles (2005), which of the following is not a characteristic of al-Qaeda today? A) Strategically adaptive B) Far reaching C) Evolving D) Fanatical

Q: Conduct disorder and antisocial behavior are both characterized by ________ misbehavior.

Q: Research on sibling influence on delinquency indicates A) the risk of delinquency is lower when the delinquent sibling is closer in age. B) older siblings reinforce antisocial behavior regardless of the relationship between the siblings. C) older siblings reinforce antisocial behavior only when the siblings have a close relationship. D) the delinquent sibling reinforces antisocial behavior when siblings are of the same gender.

Q: Cybercrime refers to any illegal act that involves a(n) ________ system.

Q: The process in which terrorists are convinced that their way of life and fundamental cultural values are superior to those they attack is referred to as A) moral justification. B) euphemistic language. C) advantageous comparison. D) cultural comparison.

Q: Youthful offenders are processed in ________ courts, but sentencing options are typically more lenient for them.

Q: Compared to the cumulative risk model, the developmental cascade model A) considers risk factors only. B) emphasizes the interaction among risk factors. C) focuses heavily on a child's developmental trajectory. D) addresses parental discipline strategies.

Q: Amateur bank robbers are highly ________ in their behavioral patterns.

Q: Highly violent antiabortion activists are placed in which one of the FBI terrorists groups? A) Radical misogynists B) Religious radicals C) Psychologically motivated terrorists D) Special interest extremists

Q: The typical juvenile is far more likely to be the ________ of a violent crime.

Q: According to the research, which two factors increase the probability that a child will become a serious delinquent? A) Poverty and high emotionality B) School failure and a single-parent home C) Physical aggression and peer rejection D) Mental disorder and birth order

Q: The primary object of banks during a robbery is to ensure the ________ of employers and customers.

Q: When a person lacks motivation to act after exposure to unpleasant events over which he feels he has not control, he is probably experiencing A) learned helplessness. B) learned aversion. C) proactive depression. D) nuchal rigidity.

Q: The adolescent-limited delinquent is most likely to be involved in offenses that symbolize adult privilege.

Q: Which of the following is an example of a protective factor? A) Exposure to chemical toxins B) Parental substance abuse C) Supportive caregivers D) Poverty

Q: Less than 10 percent of fires set by ________ is reported.

Q: Diffusion of responsibility is similar to the concept of A) deindividuation. B) risky shift. C) authority conformity. D) moral destruction.

Q: In studies examining gender differences and juvenile crime, recent research has shown that the gender gap for drug and violent offenses is getting smaller.

Q: Which of the following is central to the cumulative risk model? A) Socioeconomic status B) The past criminal behavior of the primary caregiver C) Family size D) The number of risk factors

Q: The ________ hostage taker is considered the most frequent and the most dangerous type.

Q: Terrorists may view their actions as stemming from the dictates of authorities and leaders rather than from their own personal responsibility. This process is called A) dehumanization. B) deindividuation. C) dichotomy of the identity. D) displacement of responsibility.

Q: Juveniles as a group are responsible for a small percentage of arrests compared with adults, although they are arrested disproportionately compared with other age groups.

Q: Research suggests that poor quality preschool daycare places children at risk for A) enhanced language ability. B) inadequate social skills. C) psychopathy. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Q: Some people who cyberstalk or cyberbully may be more inclined to act in a deviant manner because of the ________ that the Internet provides.

Q: A process that reduces human beings to the level of nonhuman animals without individuality, dignity or autonomy is known as A) animal morphism. B) deferred prosecution. C) dehumanization. D) degradation.

Q: Children with callous-unemotional traits lack empathic concern for others.

Q: The ability to control one's own behavior, especially in children, is known as A) self-modeling. B) self-regulation. C) impulse modulation. D) impulse restriction.

Q: It is likely that cybercriminals employ the same techniques of ________ as are employed by other offenders, particularly white collar criminals.

Q: Bandura believes that terrorists justify their horrific acts in what way? A) Through a process of cognitive restructuring B) By associating themselves with religious zeal C) By accepting responsibility for their actions D) Through a process of learned helplessness

Q: The most frequent diagnosis for children who commit acts of violence against other children is antisocial personality disorder.

Q: Parents' awareness of their child's peer associations, free time activities, and physical whereabouts when outside the home is known as parental A) participation. B) mindfulness. C) neurosis. D) monitoring.

Q: Although convenience stores have traditionally been a favorite robbery site, ________ restaurants are now becoming a preferred target.

Q: A terrorist who writes a good-bye letter to his parents immediately before carrying out a suicide mission is engaging in A) a fail-safe procedure. B) martyrdom. C) a point-of-no-return ritual. D) dehumanization.

Q: The Girls Study Group found that girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys.

Q: Sam and Alex are parents who see an unusually large number of minor problems in their children as problematic, and then resort to authoritarian strategies to deal with the problems. Sam and Alex are examples of the A) authoritarian approach. B) authoritative style. C) enmeshed style. D) permissive approach.

Q: Both the number of robberies reported to police and the robbery rate have ________ in recent years.

Q: Euphemistic language and moral justifications are processes involved in A) dehumanization. B) disengagement. C) advantageous comparisons. D) cognitive restructuring.

Q: Studies comparing MFT and FFT have found that MST is more effective at reducing recidivism for high-risk offenders.

Q: Strategies employed by parents to achieve specific academic, social, or athletic goals are called parental ________; whereas parental attitude toward the child and the emotional climate of the parent-child relationship refers to parental ________. A) styles; practices B) practices; styles C) authority; tactics D) tactics; authority

Q: The UCR considers arson a ________ crime.

Q: The process of becoming a terrorist is best described as A) gradual. B) quick. C) haphazard. D) crude.

Q: Female delinquency has steadily decreased since 1995.

Q: Which diagnostic term represents a cluster of behaviors in children characterized by repetitive and persistent misbehavior? A) Conduct disorder B) ADHD C) Antisocial personality disorder D) Psychopathy

Q: A relatively new phenomenon in which students send via email harmful, threatening, or cruel text to another students is specifically called internet fraud.

Q: An individual's indoctrination to fully embrace a terrorist group's ideology and mission is called A) radicalization. B) social modeling. C) self-censure. D) group affiliation. E) social marginalization.

Q: We know far too little about girls' crime, the reasons it is committed, and the social and developmental factors that precipitate it.

Q: According to Goldstein et al. (2001), aggressive tendencies at age ________ predict later aggressive behavior. A) three B) seven C) twelve D) eighteen

Q: Next to deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents, fires are the leading cause of death among young children.

Q: Which terrorist is an example of a lone wolf terrorist? A) Theodore Kaczynski B) Vladimir Putin C) ISIS D) Osama bin Laden

Q: There is good evidence that most serious, persistent delinquency and crime patterns usually begin early and worsen with age.

Q: Poverty is an example of a(n) ________ risk factor. A) social B) familial C) economic D) psychological

Q: Both criminal and prisoner hostage-taking situations are instrumental in nature.

Q: An individual who joins a terror group to lash out against dire circumstances is displaying the ________ response pattern to helplessness. A) reproach B) attack C) avoidance D) reactive

Q: Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on ________, whereas Moffitt's Developmental Theory emphasizes ________. A) parenting; characteristics of the child B) violent offenses; status offenses C) boys' delinquency; girls' delinquency D) treatment; prevention

Q: Those influences in a person's life that are believed to increase the probability that an individual will engage in criminal behavior are called A) self-regulatory assumptions. B) criminogenic needs. C) risk factors. D) impulsive drives.

Q: Research suggests hostage-taking incidents are rarely perpetrated by mentally disordered individuals.

Q: The FBI classifies terrorists according to A) country. B) motives. C) religious beliefs. D) political leanings.

Q: The major focus of MST is A) the substance abusing delinquent. B) the family. C) socio-economic status. D) adolescent-limited offenders.

Q: The developmental perspective on crime and antisocial behavior views the life course of all humans as following a A) series of distinct age-related stages of development. B) developmental pathway littered with risk factors. C) vertical line dependent upon physiological milestones. D) sequence of stages that enhance empathy.

Q: The Stockholm syndrome is a rare occurrence.

Q: Which of the following is notincluded in Marsella's (2004) definition of terrorism? A) It is a recent phenomenon. B) It involves the use of force or violence. C) It is performed by individuals or groups. D) Its intention is to instill fear.

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