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Psychology
Q:
Mrs. Troy has a student in her classroom, Mark, who has been diagnosed with an intellectual disability at the age of seven. It is most likely Mark's disability is:
a) profound
b) severe
c) mild
d) moderate
Q:
Which of the following forms of test taking requires the learner to engage in high-level processing of content and thereby enhancing memory and understanding?
a) Fill in the blank
b) Multiple choice
c) Constructed response
d) Matching
Q:
In a research study, two groups of children were given markers and paper and given permission to draw pictures. Children in one group were given a reward for being "good players" at the end, but the second group of children received no reward. In this experimental situation, researchers:
a) Created conflict and analyzed the resulting effect
b) Created special treatment and analyzed the effect
c) Created disequilibrium and cognitive dissonance
d) Created mixed variables and outcomes
Q:
According to our text, to determine the severity of cognitive impairment, educational professionals should:
a) interview the student's parents only, and in private.
b) consider other test scores and cultural background.
c) also take into account the student's age and grade level.
d) never use an IQ test to determine cognitive impairment.
Q:
According to the text author, which of the following strategies facilitates learning and remembering?
a) Avoiding the use of advance organizers
b) Isolating new learning from the students' established schemata
c) Organizing information into a hierarchy
d) Using analogies that are similar to the information being learned
Q:
Research-based professional development opportunities offer teachers:
a) Traditional approaches to education
b) Innovative methods that have yet to be evaluated
c) Methods known to make a difference in children
d) Approaches to a fast-track to learning
Q:
Dave took an intelligence test and received an IQ score of 62. He was classified as intellectually disabled. Of the following, which is the best-informed reaction to Dave's classification?
a) It will be important to look also at Dave's adaptive skills.
b) Dave was correctly classified.
c) The classification is incorrect because Dave's IQ is in the normal range.
d) The classification is invalid because measurement of IQ is irrelevant.
Q:
A professor is teaching about the lymph system and uses the example of water moving through a sponge. This is an example of which cognitive teaching strategy?
a) Levels of processing
b) Advance organizer
c) Keyword
d) Analogies
Q:
The aim of research in educational psychology is:
a) To test the theories that guide the actions of those involved in education
b) To assess behaviors that occur in the classroom during instruction
c) To identify learning styles and preferences exhibited by students
d) To test principles of education used in planning learning outcomes
Q:
Which of the following is the best example of people-first language?
a) "I have one of those intellectually disabled people in my class."
b) "In my class I have one student with an intellectual disability."
c) "I have one of the disabled in my class."
d) "In my class I have one intellectually disabled student."
Q:
What is the term used by cognitive psychologists to refer to the process of thinking about material to be learned in a way that connects the material to information or ideas already in the learner's mind?
a) Elaboration
b) Free recall
c) Metacognition
d) Compacting
Q:
Because classrooms typically have 20 or more students, an intentional teacher's task is to:
a) Balance individualization with group studies
b) Divide the class into ability groups
c) Focus on direct instruction of each student
d) Balance direct instruction with individualization
Q:
A teacher planned to take a class to the art museum for the first time. Before the trip, the teacher shared prints illustrating how the artwork at the museum is grouped into historical periods. When the actual visit took place, students saw many works of art (for the first time) and were amazed at how readily they were learning to recognize them. The orientation process students experienced is referred to as:
a) an analogy.
b) loci method.
c) an advance organizer.
d) outlining.
Q:
How do intentional teachers achieve a sense of efficacy?
a) By continually assessing their instruction results and trying new strategies if initial instruction doesn"t work
b) By continually employing strategies that have worked to some degree for most learners
c) By continually assessing their effectiveness and attending professional development workshops
d) By continually assessing their students and assigning additional work when it is needed
Q:
What strategies are useful for preventing serious behavior problems?
Q:
The four Rs in the acronym PQ4R stand for:
a) ready, recite, respond, and repeat.
b) read, reflect, recite, and review.
c) recite, react, reflect, and remedy.
d) repeat, react, recite, and respond.
Q:
Teacher efficacy is the degree to which teachers do what?
a) Believe they are able to build rapport with at risk students
b) Make effective decisions regarding student outcomes
c) Believe their own efforts determine their students' success
d) Believe the efficacy of student outcomes is curriculum based
Q:
Why do students misbehave?
Q:
What is the term for the process in which students identify main ideas and then diagram connections between them?
a) Summarization
b) PQ4R method
c) Mapping
d) Note taking
Q:
Intentional teachers are constantly thinking about:
a) The outlooks they want for their students and assessments of outlooks
b) The outcomes they want for their students and how each decision moves students toward those outcomes
c) The input needed to advance student learning and how to measure input effectively
d) The efficacy of student outcomes and related assessments
Q:
"A quiet class is a learning class." This is a fallacy, according to your text author. Explain how this viewpoint relates to applied behavioral analysis. In other words, in what ways is the use of this behavioral technique subject to the "quiet class" fallacy?
Q:
Schemata are believed to be organized hierarchically with:
a) general categories grouped under specific information.
b) recent events grouped under earlier events.
c) earlier events grouped under more recent events.
d) specific information grouped under general categories.
Q:
During sixth hour, two students whisper to each other about the upcoming dance. The teacher continues discussing the lesson while walking toward the students. The students stop whispering and begin taking notes. Which principle of classroom management has the teacher employed?
a) Ignoring minor problems in the classroom
b) Using the mildest intervention possible
c) Using behavior issues as teaching opportunities
d) Redirecting off task behavior with reminders
Q:
Give an example of each of the following applied behavior analysis programs: home-based reinforcement, individual daily report card, and group contingency.
For each example, state an advantage or benefit of using the technique. Then, state one difficulty a teacher might encounter in implementing the technique (in other words, what could go wrong?).
Q:
About half of the class (group A) knows more about the Democratic party while the other half (group B) knows more about the Republicans. The teacher presents a weeklong lesson on both parties. Which of the following is likely, based on schema theory?
a) Group A will learn more about the Democrats than will group B.
b) Group B will have a better attitude than group A about the parts dealing with the Republicans.
c) Group B will learn more about the Democrats than will group A.
d) Both groups should learn the same amount about both parties.
Q:
According to our text, pedagogy is the link between which of the following?
a) What the teacher desires students to learn and students' actual learning
b) What the teacher knows and is able to communicate to the students
c) What students desire to learn and what the teacher has knowledge of
d) What the teacher says and demonstrates thoughtfully to students.
Q:
You have a student who has difficulty getting to your class on time, which you find unacceptable. Using principles from applied behavior analysis, explain how you would set up a program for the student. Use concrete examples to illustrate each step of analysis.
Q:
A visiting curriculum evaluation team criticized a school district for teaching too much inert knowledge. A disadvantage, they said, is that, according to educational psychologists, inert knowledge is:
a) at too high a level for students in the various grades.
b) useless due to the students' inability to apply it outside the classroom.
c) highly difficult for teachers to present.
d) only one point of view, not necessarily the correct one.
Q:
Effective teaching occurs best when a teacher is prepared with:
a) Knowledge of subject matter and students' background information.
b) Subject matter and school expectations
c) Knowledge of subject matter and the skills to share that knowledge
d) Knowledge of subject matter, enthusiasm, and a positive attitude
Q:
Derek, in his first year of teaching, is having difficulties with his German 3 class. The students are very capable, but don't seem to buy into Derek's goals and standards of behavior. Derek is puzzled because what he remembers from Behavioral Theory is that responses that are reinforced grow more common, and responses that are not reinforced, extinguish. He has been ignoring some undesirable behaviors, but they've gotten even worse!
Using behavioral concepts that address how student misbehavior is maintained, develop some advice for Derek. In particular, explain why misbehavior in Derek's class is escalating, and make two specific suggestions that he could implement. Explain why your suggestions should work. Finally, use your imagination to anticipate what might go wrong when Derek gives your suggestions a try; briefly describe two difficulties he might encounter.
Q:
Rote learning can be characterized as:
a) involving arbitrary associations.
b) relating new material to existing knowledge.
c) underused in the traditional classroom.
d) involving innate knowledge.
Q:
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the role of educational psychology in teacher preparation?
a) Educational psychology is the study of learning theory as it relates to aspects of education outside of the classroom
b) Educational psychology aims to improve teacher candidates' subject matter knowledge
c) Educational psychology provides teachers with specific actions to improve classroom teaching
d) Educational psychology provides teachers with research-based principles to guide their teaching
Q:
Explain what this statement means: When applying consequences, certainty is more important than severity.
Q:
Initial-letter strategies include:
a) acronyms.
b) locations.
c) keywords.
d) imagery.
Q:
Drug courts are designed to be a first step in diverting nonviolent offenders with drug problems into treatment and other community-based programs.
Q:
List and describe briefly the characteristics of lone wolf terrorists. Provide an example.
Q:
According to Quay, psychopaths behave the way they do because they
A) haven't learned consequences of their behavior.
B) do not receive the full impact of sensations from the environment.
C) have learned the behavior from watching others.
D) do not interact with their environment.
Q:
Discrimination, racism, unsafe living conditions, and poor nutrition or examples of poverty ________.
Q:
________ are tablets that have been manufactured to turn blue in a drink to increase visibility and thus be more visually detectable to potential victims of sexual assault.
A) Fentanyl
B) GHB
C) Ketamine
D) Rohypnol
Q:
Compare and contrast the Quest for Significance Theory and Terror Management Theory.
Q:
Those researchers who advocate for a fourth core factor in psychopathy argue that ________ should be included with the three core factors.
A) low intelligence
B) antisocial behavior
C) lack of guilt
D) impulsiveness
Q:
Children and youth living under dire economic conditions are at high risk of becoming ________ and offenders.
Q:
Methamphetamine produces an increase in ________ and a decrease in ________.
A) alertness; appetite
B) appetite; alertness
C) productivity; appetite
D) crime; alertness
Q:
Define the three major disengagement practices often employed by terrorists to justify their actions.
Q:
Compared to criminal nonpsychopaths, criminal psychopaths are more likely to kill
A) males who are strangers.
B) females who are strangers.
C) males who they know well.
D) females who they know well.
Q:
The dynamic cascade model is distinct from the cumulative risk model in that it emphasizes the ________ among risk factors and their effect on outcomes over the course of development.
Q:
Which of the following is a type of crime identified by Goldstein (1985) in his tripartite conceptual model?
A) Romantically induced crime
B) Economically compulsive crime
C) Conditional crime
D) Drug induced crime
Q:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
A) Terrorists who consider the goals of the organization and the possible consequences of their actions
B) A withdrawal response
C) Extremist groups or individuals that generally adhere to an antigovernment or racist ideology
D) A category of terrorists often driven by a sense of failure or inadequacy
E) A stage of moral development in which the correct action is determined by an understanding of the general rights of the individual as compared with the standards which that have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole society
F) Posits that the motivation to engage in terrorism, the model posits, is the search to be meaningful and recognized
G) A terrorist who acts alone
H) Violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any state and under the direction of a foreign government, group, organization, or person
I) These lone terrorist or insular groups that are directly or loosely tied to terrorist organizations in other countries
J) Terrorists train who and carry out attacks in many different countries, and are typically associated with a philosophy that advocates a violent jihad, or duty to be violent
1. Post-conventional
2. Homegrown Violent Extremists
3. Quest for significance theory
4. Psychologically motivated terrorists
5. International terrorism
6. Right-wing terrorists
7. Multi-nationalist terrorists
8. Learned helplessness
9. Lone wolf
10. Rationally motivated terrorists
Q:
The boldness factor is sometimes referred to as
A) the meanness factor.
B) the callous-unemotional trait.
C) fearless dominance.
D) asymmetrical personality.
Q:
According to the cumulative risk model, an accumulation of risk factors in the absence of sufficient ________ factors results in negative behavioral, emotional, and cognitive outcomes.
Q:
The Arrestees Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM) collects data through
A) urinalysis of arrestees and self-report data.
B) autopsies and hospital records.
C) local and federal police reports.
D) prison studies and forensic laboratories.
Q:
According to the concept of euphemistic language, people can display more cruelty or at least can feel better about what they are doing when their conduct is given a ________ label.
Q:
Recent research using factor analysis on the behavioral characteristics suggests that there appear(s) to be ________ that adequately describe(s. the behavioral dimensions of psychopaths.
A) only two factors
B) three or more factors
C) hundreds of factors
D) two or three factors
Q:
The social, family, and psychological experiences that are believed to increase the probability that an individual will engage in persistent criminal behavior are known as ________ factors.
Q:
Which statement most accurately reflects the relationship between crack and violent behavior?
A) Crack, by itself does not seem to cause violent behavior in nonviolent people.
B) The production, distribution and selling of crack is not associated with violence.
C) The use of even small doses of crack promotes violent behavior.
D) Long-term use of crack promotes violent behavior, especially in regularly nonviolent individuals.
Q:
The textbook uses the ________ definition of terrorism.
Q:
Psychopaths demonstrate normal appraisal of emotional cues and situations in the abstract (i.e., verbal discussion., but they are deficient in using emotional cues to guide their judgments and behavior in the process of living. This phenomenon is referred to as
A) emotional paradox.
B) imbalance.
C) habituation.
D) callous unemotionality.
Q:
The developmental perspective views the life course of all humans as following a ________ that may be littered with risk factors.
Q:
In general, heavy drug users
A) are polydrug users.
B) do not commit crimes.
C) are usually women.
D) do not use alcohol.
Q:
People who have a ________ bias perceive a connection between what people do, are, or believe in, and what happens to them.
Q:
Robert Hare's research studies have found that criminal psychopaths appear to be deficient in
A) linguistic processing.
B) common sense.
C) intelligence.
D) logic.
Q:
The permissive style of parenting is highly correlated with delinquent behavior.
Q:
Recent evidence suggests a relationship between
A) heroin addiction and money-producing crime.
B) amphetamine addiction and violence.
C) marijuana use and family violence.
D) cocaine use and sexual assault.
Q:
Psychosocial context is a cognitively constructed world that is sustained through the ________ process associated with each culture.
Q:
The core behavioral dimension that reflects a socially deviant life style, such as impulsiveness, excessive needs for stimulation, and lack of realistic goals is referred to as psychopathic
A) factor I.
B) factor 2.
C) factor 3.
D) factor 4.
Q:
Both the cumulative risk and developmental cascade models emphasize that antisocial behavior can be attributed to the single risk factor of peer rejection.
Q:
The street names "liquid ecstasy," "scoop," "liquid X," "grievous bodily harm," or "Georgia home boy" refer to
A) ketamine.
B) OxyContin.
C) fentanyl.
D) GHB.
Q:
In the context of terrorism, ________ is defined as an individual's indoctrination to fully embrace a terrorist group's ideology and mission, and to gradually embrace the level of violence necessary to reach the group's goals.
Q:
A psychopath would most likely explain his criminal behavior by saying
A) "I did it because everyone else was doing it."
B) "I did it for the hell of it."
C) "I did it because it is what I do best."
D) "I did it for the money."
Q:
Experts generally agree that the most common problem associated with ADHD is violent, aggressive behavior.
Q:
Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between alcohol and aggression?
A) The majority of crimes are caused by alcohol use.
B) There is no relationship between alcohol use and violence.
C) There is no empirical research linking alcohol and violence.
D) Alcohol facilitates aggressive behavior.
Q:
The word ________ in TMT refers to the high anxiety of eventual death that all humans face.
Q:
Criminal psychopaths make up about what percent of the male inmate population in a maximum security prison?
A) 5-8%
B) 10-25%
C) 20-38%
D) 45-55%
Q:
The typical medication prescribed for ADHD is in the form of stimulants.
Q:
A volatile drug that has effects that are highly similar to alcohol intoxication, including slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, distortion in perceptions, headache, vomiting, or nausea is probably
A) marijuana.
B) crack.
C) an inhalant.
D) cocaine.
Q:
A quest for significance needs to be specifically ________ by someone or some event in order for it to influence behavior.
Q:
The childhood of the psychopath is often characterized by
A) hyperactivity.
B) cruelty to animals.
C) enuresis.
D) fire setting.
Q:
Language-impaired children are often rejected by peers and are frequently viewed negatively by their teachers.
Q:
The Drug Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act of 1996 was designed to prohibit the use of
A) ecstasy.
B) marijuana.
C) Rohypnol.
D) oxycodone.
Q:
Left-wing extremist groups become terrorists when they move from ________ activism to violent activities.