Q&A Hero

Q: The formal operational stage emerges: a) Sometime around the eighteenth birthday b) Unexpectedly, like a dropped weight c) Earlier in boys than in girls d) Sometime around the onset of puberty

Q: Which of the following words would be most acceptable, to Mager, for expressing an instructional objective? a) Appreciate b) Sort c) Enjoy d) Discuss

Q: In teaching by direct instruction, at what steps in the lesson will a teacher need to assess students' skills or knowledge? At each of these steps, what is the purpose of the assessment?

Q: Children in the concrete operational stage have the understanding of space well enough to do which of the following? a) Draw a map from home to school b) Move hands on the clock to demonstrate understanding of time c) Think about future events d) Know the earth's distance from the sun

Q: Which of the following terms refers to a statement of the skills or concepts that students are expected to have mastered by the end of some period of instruction? a) Taxonomy b) Instructional objective c) Assessment d) Course prerequisite

Q: Based on the text's discussion of direct instruction, develop a set of 3"5 guidelines for teachers, on presenting new material. For each guideline, explain how it will help students learn, and give an example of how a teacher would implement it.

Q: Transitivity involves the ability to: a) Move bilaterally b) Arrange objects in sequence c) Change direction d) Infer relationships

Q: Lee Thurston, a fifth-grade teacher at Washington Elementary School, has had seven very successful years of teaching. His students love him and parents of students who are in the fourth-grade classes request that their children be placed with him during their fifth-grade experience. Last year Lee was voted "Teacher of the Year" by the faculty in the district. In the spring of the year, Lee is told that, because he is such a good teacher, he will be getting David Spears as a student in next year's class. David, during his fourth-grade year, had been identified as having a behavior disorder after confronting another student with a knife. Lee had some concerns about David, but decided he was willing to try to help. He would come up with some ideas for working with David as he attended graduate school over the summer. A week before school started, Lee met with Ellen Lansing, Washington School's principal. "It's been a busy summer," remarked Ellen. "I'm afraid some of your students' parents have requested to have another teacher since you will have David Spears in your class. They are worried that you won't be able to control him or that at some point you won't be available to help if things get out of hand." "With inclusion, situations are going to come up like this more and more," replied Lee. "What do you think we should do?" Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to full inclusion, mainstreaming, and other options related to student placement. What would you do to solve Lee's problem?

Q: A teacher has spent the week teaching about women's suffrage in the United States during the late 1800s. Below is an outline of a lesson for today. Read the lesson, then write a short description of a lesson that might have preceded this one and one that might follow. I. Women's Suffrage (late 19th century) A. National Women Suffrage Association worked to increase congressional support for a constitutional amendment. B. Suffragists attempted to cast ballots in elections and to test voting rights in the courts. 1. Susan B. Anthony attempted to vote (early 1870s) and sued when she was prevented from doing so, but lost. 2. Sojourner Truth was turned away before she could obtain a ballot. C. Congress did not seem to be moving toward support for an amendment.

Q: Seriation, an important task children learn during the concrete operational stage, is characterized by which ability? a) Arranging items with automaticity b) Arranging things in a logical progression c) Disinterest in details such as volume or size d) Interest in disorder of details, as in "Where's Waldo?"

Q: How will you help to foster the social integration of students with disabilities into your classroom?

Q: Make a list of questions you need to answer before you teach a lesson.

Q: Max, a preschooler, explains that a sandwich cut into four pieces is more than a sandwich cut in half, demonstrating which characteristic common in the preoperational stage? a) Conservation b) Constructivism c) Centration d) Reversibility

Q: You are a teacher who will have a student with learning disabilities in your class. How are teaching responsibilities divided between you and the special education teacher? In other words, what responsibilities do you have to the student and others in your class? What responsibilities does the special education teacher have to the student?

Q: A whole-class discussion differs from the traditional lesson in that the teacher: a) plays a more enhanced role. b) plays a less dominant role. c) is responsible for the direction of the discussion. d) leads the question and answer period

Q: During the preoperational stage, children have the ability to do which of the following? a) Learn about their world through physical manipulation. b) Think about things and can use symbols to mentally represent objects. c) Develop a grasp of object permanence. d) Grasp the idea of conservation, for example that amount remains the same regardless of container size.

Q: Give three examples of how a buddy system involving a student with disabilities and a student without disabilities might work.

Q: Which of the following is transfer of learning that involves the application of items taught in isolation of the classroom to a day-to-day application? a) Initial learning b) Real-life transfer of learning c) Learning in context d) Explicit transfer

Q: Dahlia's toy is covered by a blanket, but the child does not remove the blanket to look for the toy because he believes the toy is gone. This scenario shows an infant's inability to grasp which idea? a) Object stability b) Object status c) Object conservation d) Object permanence

Q: According to the text, there are four advantages to using computers for students with disabilities. What are the advantages? Describe two ways that you think problems or disadvantages might arise when students with disabilities are using computers (a disadvantage could be a specific problem that might occur when use of computers is implemented).

Q: "The Democrats were wrong on this issue, weren"t they?" is an example of which pitfall of questioning strategies? a) Leading questions b) Same level questioning c) Misdirection questioning d) Failure to use a random questioning pattern

Q: Which of the following is most likely to help a concrete operational child solve conceptual problems? a) The problems are explained more than once b) The problems involve objects and situations that are familiar to the child c) The child is older than the typical concrete operational learner d) The child is instructed on problem solving methods

Q: A student in your third-grade class participates actively in class, and is a class leader in mathematics. As the year goes on, you have noticed this student checking fewer books out of the school library and his grades slowly falling in subjects heavily dependent on reading such as social studies. Tell what approach you would take to help this student, and if, as his educator, you have any particular responsibility.

Q: In determining the sequence of events of the elements of effective instruction, what does the first step involve? a) Opportunity to practice the skill. b) Assessment of the skill. c) Introduction of the skills needed for the lesson. d) Providing students with visual aids.

Q: Which cognitive characteristic is Athena showing when she plays hide and seek and pulls the drape over her head with the rest of her body showing believing no one will see her? a) Immaturity of thought b) Object relevance c) Egocentrism d) Same sight

Q: Every school district offers students with special needs an array of services. Make a list of these services beginning with the least restrictive, and ending with the most restrictive. Illustrate each service with a concrete example, specifying a child's grade level, disability, placement, and specifics of where and with whom the child spends the day.

Q: Mr. Witte has been using whole-class discussion but decides to try small-group discussion. What change will Mr. Witte need to make? a) With small-group discussion, the topics will have to be less controversial. b) Small-group discussion will require more direct teacher involvement. c) Mr. Witte will need to appoint group leaders. d) Mr. Witte will need less time to prepare students for the topic to be discussed.

Q: A student knows that if 2 + 5 = 7, then 7-5+2. This requires which of the following cognitive characteristics? a) Formal thought b) Reversibility c) Transitivity d) Situational thought

Q: Why was Public Law 94-142 passed? Describe how historical events led to its adoption.

Q: Ms. LeBeau is planning to have a whole-class discussion on the effects of television violence on children. Before beginning the discussion, what should Ms. LeBeau do? a) Ms. LeBeau should question students about their understanding of the effects of television violence on children. b) Ms. LeBeau should take a position on this issue in order to set the tone for the discussion. c) Ms. LeBeau should give students the opportunity to choose members of their groups. d) Ms. LeBeau should list the students to be called upon.

Q: Which of the following cognitive characteristics explains the difficulty preoperational children have with the beaker of water problem (conservation of volume)? a) Object permanence b) Egocentrism c) Centration d) Hypothetical thought

Q: A teacher wants to start a gifted and talented program. According to the 1978 Gifted and Talented Act, who could be included in such a program? On what grounds might someone argue against the teacher's plan? How can the teacher respond to a taxpayer who says "Gifted students are emotionally unstable kids with high IQs that need more social contact."

Q: The evaluation of an "explicit transfer" technique in third-grade math classes found that: a) only students above the third-grade level can learn the technique. b) students can be taught explicitly to transfer skills to new circumstances. c) students can be taught the transfer technique if their IQs are above average. d) students at this level cannot be taught to transfer learned skills to new circumstances.

Q: Two-year-old Lizzie encounters a squirrel and calls it "mouse." Which of Piaget's terms best describes her thinking? a) Accommodation b) Assimilation c) Immature d) Sensorimotor

Q: Some students with hearing loss can be accommodated by an advantageous seating assignment. Describe three other classroom or teaching modifications that could benefit a student with hearing disability. Use specific examples in describing how you would implement your suggestions.

Q: An important thing to know about the transfer of learning is that it: a) always occurs when the degree of similarity between concepts is low. b) never occurs when the degree of similarity between concepts is high. c) can be assumed to have occurred, as long as the teacher has presented the lesson clearly. d) cannot be assumed to have occurred.

Q: Piaget described cognitive development as a sequence of stages. Which of the following represents his stages in developmental order? a) Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational b) Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational , formal operational c) Concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational , formal operational d) Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational

Q: Manisha makes no trouble in class, but she has an emotional disorder. Describe the disorder she might have; indicate how her teacher would know that she has the disorder; and explain how it would be decided that her symptoms reflect a disorder, not a normal emotional problem.

Q: Outside of school, how are we most likely to learn concepts? a) From tutors b) Through television and magazines c) By observing how others name things. d) Through family members' help in interpreting formal (dictionary-like) definitions.

Q: Mr. Nicely often begins his lectures by presenting students with two ideas or observations that apparently conflict. He feels this method of presenting a paradox arouses students' interest. From Piaget's point of view, the teacher is making use of his students' natural response to: a) Egocentrism b) Anticipatory set c) Transitivity d) Disequilibrium

Q: Distinguish speech disorders from language disorders. Use specific examples to illustrate your explanation.

Q: Studies of the Direct Instruction (DI) program have shown that it is: a) successful in raising math scores for females and reading scores for males. b) somewhat damaging for lower-ability students' self-esteem. c) successful in teaching problem-solving strategies and in raising IQ scores. d) effective in increasing long-term success of students at risk for low achievement.

Q: Which of the following best describes Piaget's idea of disequilibrium? a) You find that what you expect to happen actually does happen b) You need to respond but cannot think of what to do c) You know what to do but your response doesn"t not work d) You feel uncomfortable about doing something but do it anyway

Q: Incorporating the text author's viewpoint on labeling, write a response to the following statement "Labels are harmful and should be eliminated from schools."

Q: Retention of learned material is increased when practice is spaced over time. What implication does that statement have for teachers? a) When teachers plan lessons, they will have to set aside time for students to respond to questions. b) Reviewing and recapitulating important information from earlier lessons enhances learning. c) Reviewing and recapitulating important information from earlier lessons will not interest students. d) Students who are in year-round school programs will find homework to be difficult.

Q: Piaget's view of cognitive development as a process in which children actively build systems of meaning and understanding of reality through their experience and interactions is known as: a) Behaviorism b) Metacognition c) Interactive theory d) Constructivism

Q: Define the terms disabilityand handicap, and explain the difference. Are they synonymous?

Q: What changes in typical current practices are suggested by the direct teaching model described in your textbook? a) Increase the amount of independent practice. b) Increase the frequency of testing. c) Slow the instructional pace. d) Decrease the amount of feedback provided to students.

Q: Sometimes, when old ways of dealing with the world simply don"t work, a child might modify an existing scheme in light of new information or a new experience. This is a process called: a) Avoidance b) Assimilation c) Accommodation d) Acculturization

Q: What physical, emotional, or cognitive conditions must exist before a student can receive special education services?

Q: A high success rate on independent practice work can be accomplished in two ways. First, assignments should be clear and self-explanatory covering content appropriate for the students. Second: a) assignments should be at least 30 minutes long, to allow students to get involved. b) students should rarely be given independent practice worksheets until the teacher has determined, through learning probes, that they can handle the material. c) students should be given independent practice worksheets so that the teacher can determine whether or not they have mastered the material. d) to minimize student anxiety, teachers should avoid such actions as walking around the room or evaluating students' work.

Q: According to Piaget, accommodation occurs when: a) When a baby incorporates new objects into a scheme b) When a new object does not fit the existing scheme c) When a baby using a favorite scheme to explore his world d) After the developmental dilemma has been successfully resolved

Q: A teacher can help a student with disabilities succeed in the regular classroom by adapting instruction to the student's individual needs. There are three instructional adaptations discussed in our text. Isolating concepts within new material typifies which type of adaptation? a) Communication b) Time c) Content d) Placement

Q: Which of the following recommendations regarding independent practice is most appropriate? a) Limit the amount of instructions and directions, to encourage student independence. b) Make the assignments highly challenging. c) Keep the assignments fairly short. d) Orient much of the assignment around new material that will soon be introduced.

Q: According to Piaget, assimilation occurs when: a) When a baby incorporates new objects into a scheme b) When a new object does not fit the existing scheme c) When a baby using a favorite scheme to explore his world d) After the developmental dilemma has been successfully resolved

Q: Research on the gifted and talented student supports which of the following conclusions? a) More can be gained through enrichment. b) More can be gained through acceleration. c) More can be gained from isolation. d) More can be gained from peer interaction.

Q: In conducting learning probes, a drawback of factual questions is that they: a) require longer wait times than do conceptual questions. b) are not effective for developing conceptual skills. c) are unsuitable for use with choral response. d) have little effect on students' factual skills.

Q: According to Piaget, the process of adjusting schemes in response to the environment by means of assimilation and accommodation is: a) Adaptation b) Scheme transition c) Adjustment patterns d) Decentralization

Q: Tier 1 of the three-tier model for intervention is prevention that has been defined as: a) whole-class strategies designed to help all children succeed. b) targeted assistance to a student. c) long-lasting intervention to keep a student on track. d) 1 time intervention as prevention

Q: Mr. Grimshaw uses frequent questioning of students, calling on those who raise their hands to respond. Your textbook author would evaluate this procedure as: a) limited, because students who do not volunteer will escape having to respond. b) effective, because it avoids having to call on people and possibly embarrassing them. c) effective, because volunteers usually give correct responses. d) effective, because it treats all students equally across a wide range of ability.

Q: Piaget believed that children are born with an innate tendency to make sense of their own environments by creating: a) Dilemmas b) Equanimity c) Schemes d) Identity

Q: Children with Asperger Syndrome may exhibit which of the following? a) normal social relationships b) some difficulty with social relationships c) maintaining eye contact often d) understanding basic social cues

Q: Which of the following is true about choral responding? a) It is overused by teachers. b) It is more effective for learning than individual questioning. c) It is recommended primarily for questions having only one correct answer. d) It should be oral and audible, not conveyed through gestures.

Q: Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that: a) Intellectual development is a discontinuous process b) Development is based on an individual's observation within a prepared environment c) A child's intellectual development progresses through distinct stages d) Knowledge is something to be transferred from an adult to the child

Q: You are told that two students with mild disabilities will attend your class. Which action would probably best further their social integration into your class? a) Suspend classroom rules concerning social interaction in class, allowing the students with disabilities to communicate with their peers at any time. b) Use peer tutoring on occasion to help them with learning problems. c) Ignore the differences between them and the rest of your class, and allow them to be accepted at their own speed. d) Use within-class ability grouping in most subjects.

Q: Mrs. Davis calls on a student who seems unprepared to answer the question. Mrs. Davis restates the question and stays with the student, who is having difficulty responding. How would your text author evaluate this approach? a) It is not a good approach because it places the student and teacher in a power struggle. b) It is not a good approach because it communicates negative expectations to the student. c) It is a good approach because it shows the teacher's authority. d) It is a good approach because it communicates positive expectations to the student.

Q: According to Piaget, knowledge comes from which of the following: a) Development b) Progression c) Study d) Action

Q: A special education teacher suggests that an extra step be added to instructions for a science task, to make the task clearer to a student with a learning disability. This modification is an example of: a) an adaptation in modes of communication. b) a content adaptation. c) a format adaptation. d) full inclusion.

Q: The length of time a teacher allows a student to answer a question, before prompting or redirecting the question, is called: a) mental set. b) delay interval. c) wait time. d) attention span.

Q: Discontinuous theories of development focus on: a) Inborn factors rather than environmental influences b) Environmental influences rather than genetic factors c) The importance of environment rather than heredity d) The detrimental effects of disruption in nurturing caregivers

Q: According to research, what effect do techniques such as STAD have in inclusive classrooms? a) Achievement of nondisabled students drops. b) Social acceptance of students with learning disabilities increases. c) Achievement of students with disabilities drops. d) Students with disabilities are unable to function as team players.

Q: Which is most often the appropriate amount of time for a teacher to pause after asking a question before restating the question or moving on? a) 1 second b) 3 seconds c) 10 seconds d) 20 seconds

Q: Continuous theories of development assume that development occurs: a) In a start and stop progression as individuals interact with the environment b) Through indirect learning and skill acquisition c) As parents' genetic predisposition is passed on to offspring d) In a smooth progression as skills develop and the environment provides experiences

Q: Research shows that individuals with intellectual disabilities who are placed in regular classrooms: a) learn about the same as they would if placed in special classrooms. b) perform at the same level as the typical student. c) learn less than they would if placed in special classrooms. d) learn more than they would if placed in special classrooms.

Q: Using humor in an introduction to a lesson is generally: a) negative, because it compromises the authority of the teacher. b) positive, because it adds lesson clarity. c) negative, because it gets students off task. d) positive, because it can establish a positive learning set.

Q: Ramona is a first year teacher. She prepared tirelessly all summer for a fifth-grade position. As school approached she learned the fifth-grade position was eliminated and instead she would fill a first-grade position. Ramona knows in order to be an effective teacher she will most need to: a) Take student physical development into account when arranging the classroom b) Be careful to model traditional gender roles for such young learners c) Adapt her instruction to meet the district grade level objectives d) Take into account her students' ages and stages of development

Q: Someone who supports full inclusion would advocate: a) mainstreaming without pull-out. b) hiring only teachers who are certified in special education. c) use of pull-out strategies as the primary intervention. d) keeping students with disabilities in separate classes for an entire day.

Q: Research on instructional pace suggests that most teachers could: a) increase their pace of instruction considerably, even if that means that some students will not be able to be successful. b) slow down a moderate amount in their instruction. c) increase the pace of instruction as long as degree of understanding is not sacrificed. d) slow down considerably.

Q: Nurture has a greater effect than nature on the following domain of development: a) Physical development b) Reflex development c) Moral development d) Motor development

Q: Many students with disabilities are assigned to special classes taught by a special education teacher but are mainstreamed with nondisabled students part of the day. Most often these students join other students for music, art, and: a) science. b) writing. c) reading. d) physical education.