Q&A Hero

Q: Kenny received a raw score of 42. Given the test had a mean of 48 a median of 48 and a standard deviation of 3. Given Kenny's information above, what is his T score? a. 20 b. 30 c. 50 d. 60

Q: Cheryl used age, education, and income to predict scores on a life satisfaction survey. Her regression equation accounted for 58% of the variance in life satisfaction. She collects a new sample and applies her equation. This process is referred to as a. discriminate testing b. sample attenuation c. cross-validation d. regression reliability

Q: One benefit of cluster sampling is a. it is effective for use in school research. b. it assures limited sampling error. c. it is more generalizable than simple random sampling. d. it assures all members of the population can be in a treatment condition.

Q: Case Study is a method employed by a. quantitative researchers. b. qualitative researchers. c. experimental researchers. d. empirical researchers.

Q: The acknowledgements page of a thesis or dissertation would most likely be found in which of the following sections of the document? a. The Appendix b. The Preliminary pages c. The References d. The introduction

Q: Tim is interested in understanding the PDS movement spearheaded by a consortium of teacher-researchers, university researchers, and funding agents. He wants to understand the "culture of change" within the group and how that evolves over time. Of the following, Tim will likely employ a. experimental research. b. ethnographic research. c. causal-comparative research. d. narrative research.

Q: Kenny received a raw score of 42. Given the test had a mean of 48 a median of 48 and a standard deviation of 3. What is Kenny's z score? a. -2 b. -1 c. 1 d. 2

Q: In a large study that examines the ability of a new instrument to measure the types of achievement motivation. Min relations of the items to one another. She has employed which of the following analysis approaches? a. Multiple Linear Regression b. Factor Analysis c. Discriminate function analysis d. Canonical correlation

Q: Marc is a qualitative researcher who needs to interview both expert and novice teachers for a study. He expects to interview about 50 teachers. Which sampling strategy will Marc likely use? a. Simple random b. Systematic c. Criterion d. Intensity

Q: Which of the following steps of conducting research includes identifying research participants? a. Recognize and identify a topic to be studied. b. Describe and execute procedures to collect information about the topic being studied. c. Analyze the collected data. d. State the results or implications based on analysis of the data.

Q: Which of the following example sentences is an appropriate presentation of numbers in a research report? a. The participants in the study included 4 children. b. 500 children participated in the study. c. There were seventeen schools that participated in the study. d. The study included 232 students.

Q: The type of research specifically concerned with the description, analysis, and interpretation of the culture of a group is referred to as ________________ research. a. experimental b. ethnographic c. causal-comparative d. narrative

Q: David received a raw score of 56. Given a mean of 50, a median of 50, a standard deviation of 4. Given David's information above, what is his T score? a. 35 b. 55 c. 65 d. 75

Q: Cindy wants to use a correlational analysis to predict if individuals' are field-dependent or field-independent. Which of the following analysis approaches should she use? a. Multiple Linear Regression b. Canonical correlation c. Discriminate function analysis d. Path analysis

Q: When employing random purposive sampling, the initial sample is selected a. randomly. b. by criterion. c. purposively. d. systematically.

Q: One difference between qualitative and quantitative research is that: a. Quantitative researchers develop deep relationships with their participants. b. Qualitative researchers rely on objective analysis of the data. c. Qualitative researchers manipulate the research context. d. Quantitative researchers state hypothesis prior to beginning the study.

Q: Mallika conducted a study on students' exercise in housing projects. Of the following, in which section of this mixed-methods study will she present a description of the survey that she used to collect the quantitative data? a. Abstract b. Introduction c. Method d. Results

Q: One of the goals while engaging in participant observation is to a. remain objective. b. be brief. c. engage fully. d. seek truth.

Q: David received a raw score of 56. Given a mean of 50, a median of 50, a standard deviation of 4. What is David's z score? a. -1.5 b. 0.0 c. 1.5 d. 2.5

Q: Which of the following measures is used when the criterion variable in a prediction study is categorical? a. Multiple regression b. Path analysis c Discriminate function analysis d. Connonical correlation

Q: The type of random sampling that targets groups, not individuals is a. criteria. b. cluster. c. homogeneous. d. simple random.

Q: Narrative is a method employed by a. quantitative researchers. b. qualitative researchers. c. experimental researchers. d. empirical researchers.

Q: In a recent action research study, Joanna investigated the use of memorization strategies for mathematics vocabulary. In which of the following sections of a research report will she present the research problem? a. Method b. Discussion c. Results d. Introduction

Q: Participant observation is the primary method of study in which of the following types of research? a. Descriptive b. Correlational c. Ethnography d. Causal-comparative

Q: To convert a raw score to a z score, one needs the following information: a. raw score and mean. b. raw score and standard deviation. c. mean and standard deviation. d. raw score, mean, and standard deviation.

Q: The common variance shared by the predictor and criterion variables is referred to as the a. coefficient of determination. b. standard error of regression. c. coefficient of regression. d. standard error of determination.

Q: In homogeneous sample, researchers a. compare differences of two or more levels of the topic. b. select a small group of participants who fit a narrow topic. c. identify participants who meet a defined criterion and select a sample. d. allow initial participants to identify additional study participants.

Q: Which of the following is indicative of most survey research? a. This method relies on controlling independent variables. b. This method relies on internal and external criticism. c. This method relies on tests and questionnaires. d. This method relies on interviews and observations.

Q: Ming conducted a case study that examined teachers' responses to English as Second Language (ESL) children in a school experiencing a large influx of new immigrants. When she writes her report, Ming will be careful to specify the level of the case she has selected in which of the following sections of her report? a. Introduction b. Discussion c. Method d. Results

Q: Which of the following researchers most clearly illustrates behavior similar to that of an ethnographer who is studying homeschoolers' practices? a. Tina examines Department of Education data to determine how many hours a day homeschoolers' teach. b. Danylko compares the incidence of homeschooling in the US versus in the Ukraine. c. Oakes studies three homeschoolers daily routines over the course of a two-year span. d. Vachel surveys homeschoolers to determine how many teach languages to their pupils.

Q: Anne has two ordinal-level variables in a data set. Which of the following should she use to calculate a correlation between these two variables? a. Spearman Rho b. Pearson r c Alpha Coefficient d. Kappa" Tau

Q: Compared to causal-comparative studies, one advantage of correlational studies in schools is that they often a. are more ethical. b. require fewer participants. c. take less time. d. cost less.

Q: Given that you want to compare different instructional strategies teachers can use to teach early reading you would likely employ __________ sampling in your research. a. Homogeneous b. Random purposive c. Cluster d. Systematic

Q: Developing generalizations from a limited number of related observations or experiences is referred to as a. deductive reasoning. b. inductive reasoning. c. scientific method. d. reliance on tradition.

Q: According to your text, which of the following is NOT a recommendation for writing effective research reports. a. Establish a writing routine that includes writing each day. b. Write with an outline to structure your thoughts c. Revise your introduction while conducting your study. d. Change your hypotheses to fit your results once you have analyzed the data.

Q: Which of the following is the most likely primary data source for Jane, an ethnographic researcher who studies the lives of those who train service animals? a. Surveys of her population about why they became trainers. b. Personality assessments of animal trainers. c. Interviews of eight animal trainers. d. Observations as an assistant to an animal trainer.

Q: The z-score is an example of a a. standard score. b. correlation measure. c. variability. d. measure of central tendency.

Q: In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), Y represents a(n) a. predicted criterion score. b. distribution of scores in the sample. c. individual's score. d. constant calculated from the scores.

Q: Given that you would like to generalize the findings from your survey regarding eating disorders in high school athletes, which of the following sampling approaches is most appropriate? a. Homogeneous b. Random purposive c. Cluster d. Systematic

Q: When using the scientific method, the step most similar to the methods section in a research article is a. recognition and identification of a topic to be studied. b. description and execution of procedures. c. analysis of data. d. stating the results or implications.

Q: Roger recently finished a book on the effects of prior experiences on decision-making for academic administration. In reading the work, I noted he used comas unconventionally. His use of comas is an illustration ofa. format.b. style.c. both format and style.d. neither format nor style.

Q: Kent is an ethnographer interested in the experiences of superintendents who deal with serious school violence incidents. Of the following which is most likely a primary research strategy for Kent? a. He will survey superintendents regarding the strategies they have in place to handle such incidents. b. He will shadow a superintendent during and for six months after a serious incident. c. He will interview superintendents who have dealt with such incidents regarding the perceived strengths and weaknesses of their approach. d. He will observe and interview parents whose children were affected by a serious school violence incident.

Q: A standard score is a measure of a. variability. b. central tendency. c. relative position. d. correlation.

Q: In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), X represents a(n) a. predicted criterion score. b. distribution of scores in the sample. c. individual's score. d. constant calculated from the scores.

Q: Pat is on an editorial review board for a research journal and when reviewing a recent manuscript found the qualitative study included 7 teachers. Which of the following sampling strategies most likely would have been used in the study? a. Simple random b. Cluster c. Intensity d. Criteria

Q: The first step of the scientific method is to a. recognize and identify a topic to be studied. b. describe and execute research procedures. c. analyze the collected data. d. state the results or implications.

Q: Ankur is writing his report on his recent research that examined the relationship between Lego use and problem-solving ability. He needs to be very clear about the type of follow-up procedure he did to address differences found between groups on his inferential statistics test. Ankur will repot the follow-up procedure in which section of his report? a. Introduction b. Methodology c. Results d. Discussion

Q: Which of the following researchers most clearly illustrates behavior similar to that of an ethnographer who is studying character education programs? a. Mickey compares achievement of those in character education programs to achievement of those not in such programs. b. Maya examines how enrollment in character education programs predicts career outcomes. c. Michele assists as a support teacher in a character education program for the academic year. d. Mindy surveys students in character education programs about why they enroll in such programs.

Q: A student scored at the 88thpercentile in mathematics achievement on the national assessment. Of the following, which is an appropriate interpretation of the student's score? a. His t score is approximately 58. b. His z score less than 2. c. His stanine score is approximately 6. d. His score is higher than the mean.

Q: Generally, when more variables are added to a prediction equation a. more variance in the criterion variable is accounted for. b. more variance in the predictor variables are accounted for. c. less variance in the criterion variable is accounted for. d. less variance in the predictor variable is accounted for.

Q: Graham recruited student volunteers to participate in his dissertation study. He set up several times for students to come to a specified classroom and read various types of instructional materials and to be tested. He ran all of his control conditions first and then for each session he placed all students at the session in the same treatment condition. This is problematic because those who volunteered early are likely different than those who volunteered later. This problem is primarily due to a. error rates. b. sampling error. c. researcher bias. d. sampling bias.

Q: After reviewing the literature the qualitative researcher will select participants. The participants in a qualitative study differ from those in a quantitative study in that a. the number of participants are usually larger in qualitative studies. b. the participants are purposefully selected. c. the participants provide no personally identifiable information. d. the time commitment for participants is generally shorter.

Q: Maurice consistently uses the term "˜their" instead of "˜his' or "˜her" in his thesis. This subject verb agreement error is primarily a problem regarding a. style. b. format c. style and format d. neither style nor format.

Q: Which of the following researchers most clearly illustrates behavior similar to that of an ethnographer who is studying gifted education? a. Laurie conducts observations in several classrooms for one week each. b. Mindy surveys the gifted students regarding their self-concept and correlates self-concept with their IQ score. c. Len conducts a database study that compares the standardized test scores of students in pull-out gifted programs and those enrolled in advanced classes. d. Dave observes in a single gifted classroom for the academic year.

Q: Measures of relative position include a. means. b. standard deviations. c. percentile ranks. d. frequency distributions.

Q: The criterion variable in a prediction study is another name for the a. the predictor variable. b. the variable that is predicted. c. the regression variable. d. the independent variable.

Q: All forms of sampling include the following steps EXCEPT a. listing all members of the population. b. identifying the population. c. determining sample size d. selecting the sample.

Q: Of the following, which is an example of a type of qualitative research? a. Experimental b. Survey c. Prediction d. Case study

Q: Bruce is conducting a quantitative dissertation study that addresses how children learn from technology-rich instructional environments. He is trying to measure how such environments can inspire student learning. In order for his readers to understand what he is doing, he will need to define "˜inspire" operationally. Of the following, which is the most likely place this definition will occur?a. Preliminary Pagesb. Abstractc. Hypothesesd. Results

Q: Ethnographers are most interested in data that support a. relationships among variables. b. predictions variables can support. c. understandings of people in context. d. calculations of pertinent statistics.

Q: Given a mean of 15 and a median of 22 what can we say about the distribution of scores? a. It is negatively skewed distribution. b. It is positively skewed distribution. c. We can"t determine its distribution. d. It is normally distributed.

Q: Regarding sampling, one strategy to facilitate obtaining accurate results if there will be subgroup correlations would be to select a a. stratified sample. b. cluster sample. c. random sample. d. purposive sample.

Q: Jenn is a qualitative researcher interested in the experiences of male kindergarten teachers in her county. There are only three teachers that fit her study. She is likely to use which of the following examples of qualitative sampling? a. Intensity b. Homogeneous c. Criterion d. Snowball

Q: Of the following, which is an example of a type of qualitative research? a. Correlational b. Causal-comparative c. Ethnographic d. Experimental

Q: Karen presented her dissertation proposal to her committee. She is investigating how learners' study after viewing learning video tapes for a distance education course. One of her committee members is confused as to how she will select who she will observe and interview. Of the following, which is the most likely location for Karen to provide this information?a. Preliminary Pagesb. Introductionc. Participantsd. Procedure

Q: Daniel is an ethnographic researcher who studies the daily lives of Migrant children. Of the following, which is the most likely field of study for Dan's training? a. Cultural anthropology b. Clinical psychology c. Demographic sociology d. Spatial geography

Q: In a distribution with a mean of 68 and a standard deviation of 4, 84% of scores fall below a score of approximately a. 64. b. 72. c. 76. d. 80.

Q: The most commonly used correlation is the a. Pearson r. b. eta. c. Kendall's tau. d. Spearman's rho.

Q: Abby is conducting research on the perceived role of Arts within medium-sized suburban communities. She wants to survey people with an affinity for some from of the Arts. She goes to a local theatre production of The Music Man to get participants. Abby is illustrating a. convenience sampling. b. quota sampling. c. purposive sampling. d. systematic sampling.

Q: You are a teacher who is in the middle of a short lecture when you notice two students whispering at the back of the room. Using the principle of least intervention, what would you do? The principle of least intervention has been described as the Ladder of Discipline. Teachers start at the lowest rung, and reserve the highest rungs for the most extreme behaviors. Describe a ladder of discipline with at least six rungs. Make each rung one very concrete, specific action. Explain how each rung works. Briefly compare the implementation of your ladder by an experienced teacher, to how it might go for a new, unpracticed teacher.

Q: A student uses the term ROY G BIV to remember the colors of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. What type of memory strategy is this? a) Initial-letter b) Loci c) Rhyming d) Pegword

Q: Make a list of rules (for students) you will include in your classroom and explain why you believe they are necessary. How does your set of rules reflect the principles for setting rules described in the textbook? For two of your rules write a less effective version of the rule, and explain why you consider it less effective.

Q: Which of the following learning tasks and memory strategies make an appropriate match? a) Paired-associate and loci method b) Free-recall and pegword method c) Serial and pegword method d) Free recall and keyword method

Q: How do management strategies differ between student-centered and traditional classrooms?

Q: A student remembers a long list of outdoor sculptures by imagining each piece on top of a different campus building, along Campus Drive. What memory strategy is being used? a) Keyword method b) Free-recall strategy c) Combinational approach d) Loci method

Q: Having completed your first year of teaching, with its ups and downs, you are planning for great success in your second year. You want to prevent behavior problems by doing what effective teachers do, so you take a second look at Kounin's findings, and come up with four resolutions to follow in your classroom. These are four rules for yourself, not for students. You will monitor your teaching daily to make sure you implement these resolutions. Describe your set of four "rules for teachers" based on the strategies Kounin derived from observations of effective teachers. Explain why a teacher should follow each directive. What challenges do you think you would encounter in following your plan?

Q: As the chair of the language department, you suggest that your new teacher of Chinese consider introducing a process to help students learn the vocabulary more easily. Which approach would be most appropriate for you to suggest, according to the text author? a) Initial letter strategy b) Pegword method c) Loci method d) Keyword method

Q: What should always be used as a last option when reinforcement strategies are ineffective? a) Discipline b) Rewards c) Praise d) Punishment

Q: How can teachers help their students to develop automaticity? a) Be sure that certain parts of a task are practiced until they become second nature, so that more concentration can be given to other parts. b) Integrate motor skills with cognitive skills in learning new material. c) Draw on multiple memory components rather than on selected components only. d) Make some parts of a task more noticeable so that they stand out.

Q: Research has indicated that the length of a school year is not as important as: a) how time is managed in the classroom. b) students' scores on standardized tests. c) students' behavior in the classroom. d) student-teacher rapport.