Q&A Hero

Q: Marci is reviewing a manuscript submitted for publication. The study is somewhat interesting but the authors don"t "˜make a case" that it is relevant to research or practice. Given this flaw, in her review, Marci indicated that the authors should focus on revisions to thea. introduction.b. method.c. results.d. procedures.

Q: Which of the following is a primary purpose of the ethnographic researcher? a. To describe and interpret culture. b. To generate findings that is replicable. c. To objectively report general findings. d. To directly measure mentalistic constructs.

Q: Given the following scores on a midterm exam 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80,76, 78,94,94,90,84,86,88,87,92,96,74,93, find the best answer to the following questions. What is the mode? a. 68 b. 76 c. 84 d. 90

Q: Of the following research topics, which is most likely to be a correlation study? a. The relationship between hours of exercise and sleep. b. The difference in minutes a day exercising between boys and girls. c. The types of exercise students engage in after school. d. The experiences of John at after school track practice.

Q: In his study on test anxiety, Jim is particularly interested in studying only first-year university students because he wants his findings to generalize to only first year students in large universities in the United States. He samples first year students at his own west coast, state university. He has identified all first year students at his institution, he has determined his desired sample size, and he has listed all the members of the population. In Jim's study, the target population is a. west coast university students. b. first-year students at US universities. c. students at Jim's university. d. first-year students at Jim's university.

Q: Kai is a qualitative researcher. The topic of his study is the homework strategies used by middle school children in an after-school homework club. He has reviewed the literature on both homework strategies and after-school programs and he has selected five children to study over the next 3 months. Of the following, which is most likely the next step in Kai's study? a. Random assignment of participants to condition. b. Reporting his results. c. Collecting data. d. Conducting statistical analyses.

Q: Dave is reviewing a manuscript submitted for publication. The paper describes a study that assessed the attitudes of pre-service teachers about their student teaching experience. Which of the following questions is important for Dave to ask himself regarding the study?a. Was an appropriate experimental design selected?b. Were control procedures applied to equate groups on extraneous variables?c. Was the questionnaire pretested?d. Were efforts made to overcome observer bias and observer effect?

Q: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethnographic research? a. Prolonged time in the research setting b. Multiple data collection techniques c. A deductive approach to data collection d. Discerning patterns and regularities of human behavior

Q: Given the following scores on a midterm exam 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80,76, 78,94,94,90,84,86,88,87,92,96,74,93, find the best answer to the following questions. What is the median? a. 88 b. 86 c. 84 d. 82

Q: For each, consider the information the correlation provides. Monica, on the other hand, reported a correlation of 3.4 between community service and interest in helping professions among adolescents. This finding suggests that a. there is no relationship between community service and interest in helping professions. b. the more community service one performs the more likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. c. the more community service one performs the less likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. d. Monica has calculated the correlation incorrectly because 3.4 is not a possible correlation coefficient.

Q: Sally is completing a narrative study on the rehabilitation of middle-aged women runners after stress fractures in their feet. She therefore selects only women in the 35-45 year age range who are just beginning rehabilitation at one particular clinic. Sally's sampling strategy can best be described as a. simple random sampling. b. cluster sampling. c. homogeneous sampling. d. random purposive sampling.

Q: Juanita recently told me that 98% of businesses emit toxins into the environment. I informed her that I thought that number had to be incorrect because not 98% of businesses are manufacturers. She said, hastily, "well that is the figure the EPA is using". Which method of knowing is Juanita relying upon? a. Tradition b. Expert authority c. Intuition and personal experiences d. Scientific method

Q: Janet is interested in response to intervention in a sixth-grade child with autism. She employs a case study methodology. Of the following, which is something that is critical for her to include in her research report? a. Tables of the quantitative research results. b. A rationale for selecting this case for study. c. A description of how Janet is passionate about the study. d. The psychometric properties of the instruments used.

Q: According to your text, after describing the site and sample selection, an ethnographic researcher will then a. identify the purpose of the study. b. describe the researcher's role. c. pose initial ethnographic research questions. d. describe data collection methods.

Q: Given the following scores on a midterm exam 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80,76, 78,94,94,90,84,86,88,87,92,96,74,93, find the best answer to the following questions. What is the range? a. 24 b. 28 c. 32 d. 46

Q: For each, consider the information the correlation provides. Kenji reported a correlation of ".85 between hours spent in community service and adolescent drug use. This finding suggests that a. there is no relationship between community service and adolescent drug use. b. the more community service one performs the more likely one is to use drugs. c. the more community service one performs the less likely one is to use drugs. d. Kenji has calculated the correlation incorrectly because he has a negative number.

Q: Maude is conducting an ethnographic study that concerns the transitions that older Americans face as they move into transitional housing. She is particularly interested in the potential differences in the challenges for men and women. She therefore is careful to include both men and women in her sample. Maude's strategy can best be categorized as a. systematic sampling. b. intensity sampling. c. homogeneous sampling. d. cluster sampling.

Q: Jeremy, a researcher at a local university, is interested in the nature of playground bullying. He obtains permission for his research and goes to a local middle school to observe playground behaviors. He spends several months watching and taking notes. As he begins to understand the context of the playground, he interviews some students and teachers. He incorporates these interviews into his notes. He systematically identifies themes and categorizes his findings. At the end of his study he describes his findings and how these findings relate to other studies that have been conducted on playground behaviors. Of the following, which best describes Jeremy's research? a. Narrative b. Experimental c. Survey d. Qualitative

Q: Of the following, which question is relevant when critiquing a narrative study?a. Are the characteristics that differentiate the groups clearly defined or described?b. Are sources of invalidity associated with the design identified and discussed?c. Are generalizations consistent with the results?d. Is there a rationale for the choice of individual to study the chose phenomenon?

Q: Eadan an ethnographic researcher is interested in studying the experiences of emerging scholars navigating their dissertation committees as they conduct narrative research. Which of the following is a typical primary data collection strategy for Eadan? a. He will use a LimeSurveyPro to distribute a survey to all students at his university conducting qualitative research. b. He will scour all recently completed dissertations to interview those scholars about their experiences. c. He will interview faculty members about their opinions about the feasibility and the challenges of completing a narrative dissertation. d. He will select a couple of emerging narrative scholars to follow and observe through the dissertation process.

Q: Given the following scores on a midterm exam 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80,76, 78,94,94,90,84,86,88,87,92,96,74,93, find the best answer to the following questions. Calculate the standard deviation of the scores. a. 4.6 b. 6.8 c. 8.7 d. 9.4

Q: Duffy's research addresses the relationships among amount of practice time, race times, and motivation for running in high school athletes. He measures motivation for running by a Likert scale. Duffy's findings indicate a strong positive relationship between practice time and race times. Which of the following is a possible correlation in his research? a. -.80 b. -.30 c. .30 d. .80

Q: As a volunteer worker in a recent election, Ulan made telephone calls to registered republicans. He needed to contact 200 African American males, between 30-50, who work in small businesses. The sampling strategy that Ulan worked under is best described as a. quota. b. simple random. c. snowball. d. intensity.

Q: Chris is interested in the role of attitudes about weight training. He developed a questionnaire and sent it out to a sample of 30-59 year old males and females. Of the following, Chris's attitude study could best be described as ____________ research. a. survey b. correlational c. experimental d. narrative

Q: Of the following questions one might ask when critiquing a research study, which is a concern for the instruments section?a. Is the relevancy of the references explained?b. Are the size and characteristics of the sample described?c. Are generalizations consistent with the result?d. Are subtest reliabilities provided?

Q: According to your text, the first step in ethnographic research is to a. describe the site b. select the sample c. identify the purpose of the study d. seek permissions to study the setting.

Q: Given the following scores on a midterm exam 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80,76, 78,94,94,90,84,86,88,87,92,96,74,93, find the best answer to the following questions. Calculate the mean of the scores. a. 83 b. 86 c. 90 d. 92

Q: Duffy's research addresses the relationships among amount of practice time, race times, and motivation for running in high school athletes. He measures motivation for running by a Likert scale. Given Duffy's research, which one of the following correlation coefficients should he use to analyze his data? a. Kendall's tau b. Spearman's rho c. Pearson r d. Phi coefficient

Q: Generally, qualitative researchers select a sample that is a. selected purposely. b. as large as possible. c. generalizable to a target population. d. diverse demographically.

Q: Michele is interested in the effects on learning outcomes of questions within instructional materials delivered to learners via the web. She randomly assigns students to groups given either materials with questions or materials with no questions and assesses the effects of the questions based upon student performance on multiple-choice questions administered after learning. Of the following, Michele's research could best be described as a. survey. b. correlational. c. experimental. d. narrative.

Q: In reading a recent article, you note that there is no research topic of study presented. This is a flaw in the _____________ of the report.a. introductionb. methodc. resultsd. discussion

Q: The purpose of ethnographic research project that examines study hall behaviors might be to a. understand the nature of students' study hall behaviors. b. report the number of study hall minutes wasted by typical sophomore students. c. prove study hall should be mandated for all students d. show the relationship between study hall time and academic achievement

Q: Logan accessed an existing database to answer his research question regarding the role of identification of a learning disability and odds of going to a private school. The variables of interest include category of disability, type of school, achievement scores in the first, third, and sixth grade, parents SES. Logan will report a measure of variability for each of the achievement scores. Which will he most likely report? a. Mean b. Range c. Standard Deviation d. Median

Q: Which of the following illustrates a correlational research topic?a. Do weight and number of days per week of exercise predict life satisfaction?b. Are there differences between men and women in life satisfaction?c. What are is someone with a high life satisfaction score like?d. Are there self-esteem differences in children from either families with or without high life satisfaction?

Q: Of the 9000 students at a small Liberal Arts College, 3 out of 5 are Jewish. Lauren is conducting a study regarding opinions about the relationship between religion and politics. She would like to generalize her findings to the population of the College. Which of the random sampling strategies should Lauren use to assure that her sample represents her population? a. Multistage b. Simple random c. Systematic d. Stratified

Q: Paula is a materials scientist. She does research on the effects of environmental toxins on various materials samples. She carefully designs these studies and collects data in order to derive theory about how toxins affect these materials. Of the following, Paula's research could best be described as a. basic. b. correlational. c. ethnography. d. applied.

Q: Milton recently reported on a survey study that he conducted with High School students. In his work, he was particularly interested in how many high carbohydrate items athletes consume during a day while they are training. In his report he does not convey why the number of high carbohydrate items is of relevance to the related literature on student athletes. This omission is a flaw primarily in which of the following components of a research report. a. Method b. Results c. Discussion d. Introduction

Q: Jill is an ethnographic researcher who is interested in the before school gymnasium club (BSGC) students. Students in the BSGC come to school early each day to play unstructured games in the middle school gym. Which of the following is a typical data collection scenario for her research? a. Jill collects surveys from parents and teachers regarding the BSGC. b. Jill considers the trends of number of students in the BSGC for an academic year. c. Jill goes to BSGC and observes student behaviors for the academic year. d. Jill compares BSGC students' and non BSGC students' overall activity level, BMI, and reported stress levels.

Q: Logan accessed an existing database to answer his research question regarding the role of identification of a learning disability and odds of going to a private school. The variables of interest include category of disability, type of school, achievement scores in the first, third, and sixth grade, parents SES. Logan needs to report the correlations among first, third, and sixth grade achievement scores. Which is the most likely measure of relationship appropriate for him to use? a. Spearman Rho b. Pearson r c. Cronbach's alpha d. Kendall's Tau

Q: Barb is calculating the correlations between test items on a new version of her I like school assessment. Of the following, which is likely a correlation coefficient for her to use? a. Kendall's tau b. Spearman's rho c. Correlation ratio d. Phi coefficient

Q: Maria needs to randomly select 90 participants from a pool of 5000. With how many digits in each entry of the random number table will Maria need to be concerned? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Q: Jack is collecting data for a school district that is interested in the effectiveness of a district provided Head-Start program. Jack is looking at the benefits of the program, based upon test scores, in order to make decisions about whether the program should be continued. Which of the following is the best description of the type of study Jack is conducting? a. Experimental b. Evaluation c. Survey d. Correlational

Q: At a recent conference, Frank questioned the authors of a research report who had used a test designed for middle school learners with a second-grade sample.Frank has addressed a flaw in which aspect of the study?a. instrumentsb. participantsc. resultsd. introduction

Q: Of the following research topics, which would most likely be addressed through ethnographic research? a. The benefits of drama experiences on standardized tests b. The relationship between drama experiences and personality type c. The drama skill development of novice actors in their first production d. The differences between novice and experienced actors on acting attitude profiles

Q: Logan accessed an existing database to answer his research question regarding the role of identification of a learning disability and odds of going to a private school. The variables of interest include category of disability, type of school, achievement scores in the first, third, and sixth grade, parents SES. Logan needs to report the measure of central tendency for his variable category of disability, which measure should he use? a. Median b. Mode c. Mean d. range

Q: When considering the use of Spearman rho or Pearson r for use with a small sample. a. Spearman's rho is more accurate than Pearson r b. Spearman's rho is easier to calculate. c. Pearson r is the appropriate measure to use. d. Pearson r is easier to calculate.

Q: Kim needs to randomly select 80 students from a group of 400. After listing all potential participants what will Kim do next? a. Identify and define the population b. Determine the sample size c. Assign all individuals a consecutive number d. Go to the random number table and start to select

Q: A publishing company is interested in determining if there is a need for a new reading curriculum. The research they will conduct is best categorized as a. experimental research. b. correlational research. c. action research. d. research and development.

Q: Judy forgot to mention that the survey she used in her dissertation employed a seven-point Likert Scale. This omission is a weakness in which section of her report?a. Participantsb. Design and proceduresc. Instrumentsd. Results

Q: According to your text, which of the following is a form of ethnographic research? a. Objective ethnography b. Realist ethnography c. Empirical ethnography d. Descriptive ethnography

Q: George collected achievement score data for each child from a middle school. He has their gender, age, teacher and score on the achievement measure as his data fields. George also needs to calculate the measure of variation for achievement score. Which measure should he use? a. Standard deviation b. Range c. Mean d. Quartile deviation

Q: A study of the relationship between SES and high school completion rates indicated a correlation of r=.60. How much variance do these two variables share? a. 20% b. 36% c. 40% d. 60%

Q: Peggy is conducting a reading intervention study that involves many children in many classrooms in many schools. The intervention is delivered by the teacher to the entire classes. Peggy would like to use a random sampling approach. Which of the following is Peggy likely to consider? a. Simple random sampling b. Systematic sampling c. Purposive random sampling d. Multistage sampling

Q: Of the following, which is generally true regarding the differences between qualitative and quantitative research? a. Quantitative but not qualitative research involves data collection. b. Qualitative but not quantitative research generally states hypotheses. c. Qualitative research involves more participant/researcher interaction than does quantitative. d. Qualitative research but not quantitative research informs educational practice.

Q: Sam read a recent publication and shared it with his class. One of the other students asked how many participants were in the study and Sam told her he wasn"t quite sure because the article said that 900 surveys were sent out but never stated how many were returned. This is a weakness in the ______________ section of the report.a. design and procedureb. participantsc. resultsd. discussion

Q: According to your text, which of the following is NOT a form of ethnographic research? a. Critical ethnography b. Immersion ethnography c. Ethnographic case study d. Realist ethnography

Q: George collected achievement score data for each child from a middle school. He has their gender, age, teacher and score on the achievement measure as his data fields. George needs to calculate the central tendency of his variable achievement score. Which measure should he use? a. median b. mode c. range d. mean

Q: A correlation between reading and math achievement scores on a national standardized test for first graders indicates a correlation of r=.90. How much variance do these scores share? a. 30% b. 45% c. 81% d. 90%

Q: Charlie has written up his study on special education students' attitudes about technology. He includes a statement regarding the ethnicity of the students in his sample. This information is best classified as a. statistical. b. demographic. c. accessible. d. generalizable.

Q: Max is a trainer with the "Information Technology Consulting Firm." The CEO of a large business hired Max's firm to do a long-term training for her company. Max wants to get a sense of how the training is going so he can make any necessary changes over the next few months. He collects data from those in the firm that have participated in the training. He collects information from those who supervise past participants of the training. He also looks at job performance measures to assess progress in IT. Max is illustrating which of the following? a. Basic research b. Qualitative methods c. Formative evaluation d. Summative evaluation

Q: Ya-ling was reading a research report on the challenges learners' face when reading diagrams in science textbooks. She was really interested in the research but questioned the instructional materials that the participants were given. It appears that they may have been much too hard for the participants to read. Since the author did not adequately describe the materials, Ya-ling has identified a potential flaw in the __________ of this research report.a. introductionb. referencesc. methodologyd. results

Q: According to your text, which of the following should ethnographic researchers consider when defining culture? a. Shared cultural knowledge b. Descriptive culture c. Cultural understanding d. Cultural orientation

Q: George collected achievement score data for each child from a middle school. He has their gender, age, teacher and score on the achievement measure as his data fields. George needs to calculate the central tendency of his variable teacher.Which measure should he use? a. median b. mode c. range d. mean

Q: Jack administered an achievement test with an internal consistency reliability of .75. Given the measure, how should Jack interpret the correlation? The instrument indicates a. high internal consistency reliability. b. moderate internal consistency reliability. c. acceptable internal consistency reliability. d. low internal consistency reliability.

Q: Sammy collected data from 18 pre-service secondary science majors at a small university in the Western United States regarding their opinions of Inquiry as an instructional approach. Which of the following represents Sammy's accessible population? a. All pre-service science teachers b. Pre-service science teachers in the Western United States c. Pre-service science teachers at the University d. Pre-service science teachers in her sample

Q: Karen is a school principal. She has been collecting data all year regarding the benefits and costs of an after-school community service program. She thinks the program is effective but must make a decision about whether or not the outcomes of the program for the children justify the cost. She collects data from the students, parents, and those that have benefited from the program to assist in making her decision. Karen is engaging in which type of research? a. Evaluation b. Experimental c. Correlational d. Causal comparative

Q: When reading a recent journal article Juan was confused. It seems the author used the term self-determination in a way that was not consistent with Juan's previous understanding of self-determination but Juan wasn"t quite sure because the author did not operationalize his variables. The author should have included operational definitions of his variables in the ____________ of his article.a. introductionb. methodc. resultsd. discussion

Q: Danika recently presented her dissertation study at a national conference. The focus of her research was standardized testing. If she conducted ethnographic research which were likely primary data sources for her study? a. A district's scores on the tests administered. b. A matrix showing correspondence between curriculum and the test. c. Observations of curriculum coordinators. d. Interviews parents whose students did not fair well on the test.

Q: The statistical symbol "˜âˆ‘" represents the a. sum of. b. total number of subjects. c. mean. d. standard deviation.

Q: When using correlational analysis with multiple predictors and multiple criterion variables the appropriate procedure is a. Multiple Linear Regression b. Canonical correlation c. Discriminate function analysis d. Path analysis

Q: Sammy collected data from 18 pre-service secondary science majors at a small university in the Western United States regarding their opinions of Inquiry as an instructional approach. Which of the following is likely Sammy's target population? a. All pre-service science teachers b. Pre-service science teachers in the Western United States c. Pre-service science teachers at the University d. Pre-service science teachers in her sample

Q: Which of the following is an example of a correlational study? a. What are the attitudes of the parents about our districts new homework policy? b. Is there a relationship between student achievement and homework completion? c. Are there differences in parent attitudes about homework between mothers and fathers? d. How much homework does the average fifth grade teacher in our district assign?

Q: The portion of a research report where the educational significance of the problem is presented is thea. introduction.b. review of related literature.c. hypotheses.d. method.

Q: Frida recently published a study of school custodians. If she conducted ethnographic research, which of the following were likely primary data sources for her study? a. Surveys b. Job application forms c. Demographic information d. Observations

Q: The statistical symbol "˜n" represents a. any given score. b. total number of subjects. c. number of subjects in a particular group. d. the mean.

Q: Cheryl used age, education, and income to predict scores on a life satisfaction survey. Her regression equation accounted for 58% of the variance in life satisfaction. She collects a new sample and applies her equation. In Cheryl's second sample, the variance she accounts for will likely __________ due to __________. a. decrease, attentuation b. increase, replication c. decrease, shrinkage d. increase, regression.

Q: Jody is a quantitative researcher who wants to use a random sampling technique. Of the following, which is she likely to use? a. Quota sampling b. Cluster sampling c. Purposive sampling d. Homogeneous sampling

Q: Which of the following is an example of a causal-comparative question? a. Are there gender differences in the effectiveness of computer-based simulations? b. Is there a relationship between computer based simulation training and attitudes about computers? c. What happens in a typical science lesson that includes computer based simulations? d. What are the reasons a school would include computer-based simulations in their instructional materials?

Q: Ratiba conducted a study that examined students' learning from web-based instructional materials. In order for the reader to fully understand her study, Ratiba must include a screen shot of the materials. Of the following, which is the most appropriate place for Ratiba to place the screen shot?a. Introductionb. Resultsc. Discussiond. Appendix

Q: Tim is interested in understanding the PDS movement spearheaded by a consortium of teacher-researchers, university researchers, and funding agents. He wants to understand the "culture of change" within the group and how that evolves over time. Of the following, which type of data collection strategy will be of primary concern for Tim? a. Participant observation b. Surveys c. Achievement tests d. Teacher constructed assessments