Q&A Hero

Q: Lars is conducting a quantitative study that examines students' achievement within schools, districts, and states in the United States. Which of the following sampling strategies will Lars likely need to use to obtain his sample? a. Snowball b. Cluster c. Criterion d. Simple random

Q: Brian has completed data collection for a study of college learners' self-regulation. Which of the following steps of the research process will Brian next approach? a. Recognize and identify a topic to be studied b. Describe and execute research procedures c. Analyze the collected data d. State the results or implications

Q: Marv needs to add a section indicating his "˜full cycle" in the field to his research report. What type of research did Marv likely conduct? a. Narrative b. Ethnographic c. Experimental d. Correlational

Q: Mia has completed an ethnographic study of the role of achievement testing in Taiwanese gifted schools. Of the following, which type of ethnography does her study most likely represent? a. Ethnographic case study b. Feminist ethnography c. Life history d. Autoethnography

Q: Given the following distribution24,19,15,18,16,24,17the score that best represents the mode is a. 15 b. 18 c. 19 d. 24

Q: In contrast to experimental research, causal-comparative studies generally a. randomly assign participants. b. can establish causation. c. do not manipulate independent variables. d. Examine relationships between two variables.

Q: Missy is a key informant in Allison's study on teenage girls' study habits. Of the following, which is likely the strategy by which Missy was selected? a. Random sampling b. Stratified sampling c. Criterion sampling d. Intensity sampling

Q: Cameron is conducting a study that addresses the differences in achievement scores between schools that use block scheduling and schools that use a traditional scheduling format. He has accessed average achievement scores for 1200 schools and now is comparing the two groups. In which research step is Cameron engaged? a. Recognize and identify a topic to be studied b. Describe and execute research procedures c. Analyze the collected data d. State the results or implications

Q: Which is a concern for inclusion in the method section of a quantitative research report? a. The purposive sampling strategy used. b. The previous existing related research. c. Recommendations for future research. d. The control procedures used in the study.

Q: In a recent study, Gaia spent a full cycle in a home school community. She worked with home school families and their children to better understand the home schooling community and culture. Gaia has written a report of her fieldwork experiences. What type of ethnography does Gaia's report present? a. Confessional ethnography b. Life history c. Critical ethnography. d. Ethnographic case study

Q: Patricia wants to report the most common age of the members of her Red Hat group. Which measure should she report? a. Mode b. Range c. Mean d. Median

Q: Causal comparative and experimental research both a. examine differences between groups. b. manipulate the independent variable(s) in the study. c. assign participants to conditions. d. have the same ethical considerations when considering independent variables.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a purposive sampling technique? a. Snowball b. Criterion c. Intensity d. Cluster

Q: Basic researchers collect data primarily to a. determine methods for practical problems. b. make decisions about programs. c. develop theories. d. develop educational "˜best practices'.

Q: Which is NOT a concern for inclusion in an abstract? a. Are the procedures described? b. Is the problem restated? c. Is the design used identified? d. Are they hypothesis clearly stated?

Q: Anu has focused his ethnography on teenagers in the foster care system. The aim of his work is to advocate for a larger number of placements for these children as many families feel the challenges of raising foster teenage children are too great, and therefore select to foster younger children. Anu's ethnography would be best classified as a(n) a. autoethnography. b. critical ethnography. c. realist ethnography. d. confessional ethnography.

Q: Which of the following is a measure of variability? a. Mode b. Range c. Median d. Total score

Q: One similarity between causal-comparative and correlational research is that both a. can determine causal events. b. can be treated as a type of descriptive research. c. attempt to establish causes. d. rely on the same research procedures.

Q: Which of the following are two general indicators that determine adequacy in sample size? a. Representativeness and redundancy b. Generalizability and representativeness c. Redundancy and clarity d. Responsiveness and generalizability

Q: Leslie is finishing her final research report on challenges faculty face when using new technologies. She includes some direct quotations from her participants to best illustrate her main findings. Of the following, which type of research best represents Leslie's study? a. Experimental b. Research and Development c. Survey d. Narrative

Q: Sal is worried that he ahs not addressed validity enough in his research report and adds a section on triangulation. Where should Sal add this information?a. resultsb. instrumentsc. participantsd. design and procedures

Q: Vasha is a member of a relatively large number of African Americans in Appalachia. Her ancestors escaped the slave states and set roots in southern West Virginia. She is studying the role that informal education in the home plays in this cultural group. Her work will be a reflective self-examination as she is a member of the culture that she is studying. Which of the following types of ethnographies is Vasha likely conducting? a. Realist ethnography b. Authoethnography c. Feminist ethnography d. Confessional ethnography

Q: Peter, a sixth-grade mathematics teacher, recently administered an exam. He wants to report a measure of central tendency but he doesn"t know what to do with the fact that two students have much lower scores than anyone else. What is the best measure of central tendency for Peter to report? a. Range b. Standard deviation c. Median d. Mean

Q: Ex post facto research is a term generally used to describe ________ research. a. descriptive b. correlational c. causal-comparative d. experimental

Q: Tavares is a quantitative researcher interested in surveying members of a particular school district regarding their opinions on funding for language instruction. He develops a survey to mail to those living in the district. He wants to assure that he has responses from district members across the range of Socio-Economic Status. Of the following, which is the best way for Tavares to assure he has adequate sample size and representativeness? a. Convenience sampling b. Systematic sampling c. Cluster sampling d. Intensity sampling

Q: Sally conducts narrative research. She is particularly interested in the challenges of school/community relationships as schools are redistricted. Which of the following approaches to data collection is Sally likely to most heavily rely on? a. Tests and questionnaires b. Participant interviews c. Student achievement records d. Broad based surveys

Q: Won recently read the abstract of a research report of a study that investigated academic procrastination. Of the following, which is information she should absolutely know after reading the abstract?a. Whether the study was qualitative or quantitativeb. The psychometric properties of the instrument used in the study.c. The most relevant recent publication related to the study.d. The demographic information and ethnicity of the participants in the study.

Q: Of the following types of ethnographies, which represents a report of the ethnographer's field work experiences? a. Microethnography b. Critical ethnography c. Ethnographic case study d. Confessional ethnography

Q: Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. What is Claus's approximate t -score? What can we conclude about Claus's stanine score? a. It is negative. b. It is approximately zero. c. It is approximately 5. d. It is approximately 8.

Q: Paisley found no significant relationship in her study of number of friends and alcohol consumption in University women. Of the following which is likely a correlation she reported? a. -.68 b. -.14 c. .52 d. 1.0

Q: Matt is a qualitative researcher interested in the benefits of community gardens on respect for cultural diversity. He questions whether working together in a gardening environment changes people's tolerance for cultural differences. To conduct his study he selects 8 members of a community gardening group who are Anglo Americans whose families have been in the country for at least three generations and who have been members of the gardening community for at least two years. The sampling strategy Matt is using is best described as ____________ sampling. a. Homogeneous b. Criterion c. Stratified d. Intensity

Q: Won is interested in academic procrastination. She provides her participants a number of instruments on academic procrastination and then examines the relationships among the answers they provide. Of the following, which type of research does Won's study represent? a. Survey b. Causal-comparative c. Experimental d. Case-study

Q: Nick, a qualitative researcher, is finalizing his research report. He needs to add a piece about his purposive sampling technique. Where should Nick place this information in his report?a. resultsb. instrumentc. participantsd. design and procedures

Q: Which of the following types of ethnography is defined as an objective, scientifically written ethnography? a. Realist ethnography b. Life history c. Critical ethnography d. Ethnographic novel

Q: Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. What is Claus's approximate t -score?Which of the following best represents Claus's z- score?a. -1.5b. -.5c. .5d. 2.5

Q: Nena reported a large effect for genetics in her study of early onset dementia. Of the following, which represents the correlation that she found? a. -.70 b. -.40 c. .45 d. .80

Q: Charleon is conducting a study to examine TechState employees' use of university computers for non-work related tasks. She would like to generalize her findings to all of the employees of the TechState University community. If Charleon is conducting this study as a quantitative researcher, which of the following nonrandom sampling strategies might she employ? a. Snowball sampling b. Cluster sampling c. Intensity sampling d. Quota sampling

Q: Lisa is designing her dissertation. She is testing the strength of copper. She prepares samples and tests the strength of copper by applying random amounts of pressure on the samples. Her research is best described as a. applied. b. basic. c. evaluation. d. action.

Q: Brandon is confused. He just read a study where the research questions examined gender differences and the analysis used was Spearman's rho. It appears that there is a flaw in which section of the research report?a. resultsb. discussionc. methodd. introduction

Q: Which of the following is NOT a type of ethnographic research generally found in education? a. Ethnographic case study b. Critical ethnography c. Realist ethnography d. Ethnographic novels

Q: Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. What is Claus's approximate t -score? What is Claus's approximate t score? a. 0 b. 45 c. 75 d. 90

Q: Which of the following represents the correlation that Shenna reported when she concluded that there was a moderate relationship between self-concept and parents' ratings of children's self-concept? a. -.70 b. -.30 c. .00 d. .80

Q: Charleon is conducting a study to examine TechState employees' use of university computers for non-work related tasks. She would like to generalize her findings to all of the employees of the TechState University community. Given Charleon's study, which of the following is the target population? a. Members of University communities in the United States b. Staff members of TechState University c. Employees including faculty and staff of TechState University d. Employees of the Universities in her geographic region

Q: Kurt is interested in describing a typical day of a teacher in an ungraded school. He studies three teachers over the course of a full school year and collects data through the use of interviews and classroom observations. Of the following, which type is the most likely form of Kurt's research? a. Correlational b. Causal-comparative c. Action d. Narrative

Q: The section of a report where the generalizations are critiqued is the a. results b. discussion. c. method. d. introduction.

Q: Of the following, which is often considered a significant challenge of ethnographic research? a. The lack of reliability in ethnographic research. b. The lack of internal validity of ethnographic research. c. The amount of time ethnographic research takes. d. The number of standardized instruments needed to conduct ethnographic research.

Q: Cynthia is reporting standardized test scores to parents of her students. She knows that on the test she gave the mean is an 80 and the standard deviation is 6. If her student Sharona received a t score of 40, which of the following can we accurately conclude regarding Sharona's performance? a. She had a raw score greater than 80. b. She had a positive z -score. c. Her stanine score was an 8. d. Her performance was less than average.

Q: The correlation that Raymond found in his study between child self-confidence and reported number of friends was r=.90. a. Insignificant b. Low c. Moderate d. Strong

Q: Isabella is conducting a study of American middle-school science teachers' beliefs about content area reading. She obtains a list of all the middle-school science teachers in the state who are members of the National Reading Conference (NRC). She lists all of the names and selects every third name as a participant in her study. Given Isabella's strategy, selecting teachers who are members of the NRC represents which of the following? a. Sampling error b. Measurement error c. Sampling bias d. Design bias

Q: Ken is interested in determining if there are differences between men's occurrence of obesity and prior football team experience. He compares three different groups of men. In one group he has men that played football in jr. high, but not high school or post-high school. Those in the second group played in jr. high and high school but not post-high school. Those in the third group played all three. As part of the study he weighs the men to calculate obesity. The weighing of the men would be included in which step of the research process? a. Recognition and identification of a topic to be studied. b. Description and execution of procedures. c. Analysis of data. d. Stating the results or implications.

Q: In reviewing a manuscript relevant to your thesis you find that it is very similar to a study conducted two years prior to the publication date. The authors of the two studies are different and the sample populations are from different Universities, but both studies address the transition of migrant students to large land grant Universities. You are concerned that the authors of the second publication did not reference the first publication in their work. This can be most directly attributed to a flaw in which section of the second publication's report. a. Introduction b. Method c. Results d. Discussion

Q: An ethnographic account is generally written as a(n) a. narrative. b. technical report. c. autobiography. d. biography.

Q: Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the range of the distribution is: a. 10. b. 12. c. 16. d. 20.

Q: Milton reported in his study that as chocolate consumption increased, reported stress remained constant. Of the following, which is a correlation coefficient that would best support Milton's claim? a. "1.0 b. -.40 c. .05 d. .50

Q: Isabella is conducting a study of American middle-school science teachers' beliefs about content area reading. She obtains a list of all the middle-school science teachers in the state who are members of the National Reading Conference (NRC). She lists all of the names and selects every third name as a participant in her study. How would one define the sampling strategy Isabella selected? a. Random sampling b. Stratified sampling c. Systematic sampling d. Cluster sampling

Q: Ken is interested in determining if there are differences between men's occurrence of obesity and prior football team experience. He compares three different groups of men. In one group he has men that played football in jr. high, but not high school or post-high school. Those in the second group played in jr. high and high school but not post-high school. Those in the third group played all three. As part of the study he weighs the men to calculate obesity. What type of research method is Ken employing? a. Survey b. Causal-comparative c. Experimental d. Correlational

Q: The section where the application of the qualitative method chosen is described in the report is thea. introduction.b. design and procedure.c. conclusion and implications.d. results.

Q: Paulo is an ethnographic researcher interested in studying career transitions. He has identified the purpose of his study, framed the study within a larger theoretical orientation, described the rationale for the study and posed initial ethnographic research questions. Next, Paulo will a. write the ethnographic account. b. describe the overall approach and rationale for the study. c. describe the site and sample selection. d. describe data collection methods.

Q: Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the mean of the distribution is: a. 84. b. 89. c. 93. d. 98.

Q: Yeung reported a correlation of .70 between hours of exercise and self-reported stress-level in graduate students. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding this finding? a. The two variables were unrelated in her study. b. As hours of exercise increased, stress generally increased. c. Her finding represents a moderate effect. d. Her results represent significant differences.

Q: Isabella is conducting a study of American middle-school science teachers' beliefs about content area reading. She obtains a list of all the middle-school science teachers in the state who are members of the National Reading Conference (NRC). She lists all of the names and selects every third name as a participant in her study. Who is the available population in Isabella's study? a. All science teachers in the state. b. All middle school science teachers in the country. c. All science teachers in the state who are interested in reading. d. All middle school science teachers in the state who are members of NRC.

Q: Katelin is interested in examining the relationship between years of gymnastics classes taken as a child and osteoporosis as an adult. She is concerned only with females because more girls take gymnastics than do boys and more women have osteoporosis than do men. What type of research method is Katelin employing? a. Narrative b. Descriptive c. Correlational d. Causal-comparative

Q: Cindy conducted a path analysis for her thesis. She is most concerned about addressing which of the following questions in her report?a. Is a rationale given for selection of predictor variables?b. Are the qualifications and special training of the interviewers described?c. Was the level of inter-observer reliability obtained from at least two independent raters?d. Were groups randomly formed and the use of existing groups avoided?

Q: Those interested in school violence are concerned with alienated middle school children. Eada, an ethnographic researcher, wants to explore the experiences of these children in more depth. Which of the following is the most likely research strategy for Eada? a. Eada will assess alienated children from several schools with Likert scales that address violent tendencies. b. Eada will observe, question, and study a subset of alienated children in one middle school over the course of a semester. c. Eada will provide a questionnaire to a single alienated child in a middle school and follow up with counseling. d. Eada will compare violent tendencies between children teachers identified as alienated versus those not identified.

Q: Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the mode of the distribution is: a. 80. b. 86. c. 92. d. 98.

Q: Maddie reported a significant correlation of r=.20 between years of teaching and salary satisfaction in her large survey study. How can Maddie's findings best be described? a. Her finding is practically insignificant. b. Her finding is moderately significant. c. Her finding is a strong effect. d. Her finding is strongly significant.

Q: Isabella is conducting a study of American middle-school science teachers' beliefs about content area reading. She obtains a list of all the middle-school science teachers in the state who are members of the National Reading Conference (NRC). She lists all of the names and selects every third name as a participant in her study. Who is the target population in Isabella's study? a. All science teachers in the state. b. All middle school science teachers in the country. c. All science teachers in the state who are interested in reading. d. All middle school science teachers in the state who are members of NRC.

Q: Katelin is interested in examining the relationship between years of gymnastics classes taken as a child and osteoporosis as an adult. She is concerned only with females because more girls take gymnastics than do boys and more women have osteoporosis than do men. Based upon this description, what type of research is Katelin conducting? a. Basic b. Applied c. Evaluation d. Research and development

Q: A recent publication in the Journal of Interesting Research stated that based upon their experimental findings, children should only go to school 5 hours a day. While there were tables and inferential statistics presented that illustrated a comparison between 5 hour a day children and 7 hour a day children, there was no discussion of how the study was conducted. This omission illustrates a flaw in thea. review of related literature.b. interpretation of the findings.c. design and procedure.d. conclusions and recommendations.

Q: Recent research in early childhood literacy motivation has indicated that a subset of learners report being very motivated for reading but their teachers and parents do not report them to be motivated. Ingram, an ethnographic researcher, wants to further study this discrepancy. Which of the following is the most likely research strategy for Ingram? a. Ingram will correlate students' comprehension scores with their reported motivation. b. Ingram will examine the differences in reading achievement between students' who reported being motivated and those who did not report motivation. c. Ingram will observe children in classroom settings during literacy activities. d. Ingram will determine the range of responses generally found on her motivation scales.

Q: Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the median of the distribution is: a. 78. b. 86. c. 90. d. 98.

Q: Jamie found an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .60 for his measure of spatial ability. Jaime's instrument a. shows high internal consistency reliability. b. shows adequate internal consistency reliability. c. shows minimally acceptable internal consistency reliability. d. shows poor internal consistency reliability.

Q: In his study on test anxiety, Jim is particularly interested in studying only first-year university students because he wants his findings to generalize to only first year students in large universities in the United States. He samples first year students at his own west coast, state university. He has identified all first year students at his institution, he has determined his desired sample size, and he has listed all the members of the population. What is the next step that Jim will conduct to carry out random sampling for his study? a. Jim will select an arbitrary number from the random number table. b. Jim will assign all individuals on the list a consecutive number. c. Jim will stratify his sample by academic standing. d. Jim will randomly assign participants as either in or not in his study. .

Q: Katelin is interested in examining the relationship between years of gymnastics classes taken as a child and osteoporosis as an adult. She is concerned only with females because more girls take gymnastics than do boys and more women have osteoporosis than do men. Katelin addressing this concern and then developing research questions and hypotheses involves which step of the research process? a. Recognition and identification of a topic to be studied b. Description and execution of procedures c. Analysis of data d. Stating the results or implications

Q: Recently, Sam was reading a study that addressed the benefits of the structure strategy in text comprehension. The study was well designed but Sam was surprised that Meyer's relevant 1998 article was not mentioned in the study. Sam has indicated a flaw in the _______ of the article.a. problem statementb. review of related literaturec. hypotheses statementsd. design and procedure

Q: Qing is an ethnographic researcher interested in understanding the culture of youth track and field athletics. He needs to focus on behaviors that will help him to do so. Which of the following is something Qing will attend to? a. Ethnographic understanding b. Deductive reasoning c. Narrative reasoning d. Cultural understanding

Q: Describe the distribution of the scores. a. The distribution approximates the normal distribution. b. the distribution is trimodal. c. the distribution is negatively skewed. d. the distribution is positively skewed.

Q: Of the following research topics, which is most likely to represent a correlation study? a. The mathematics activities found in a sixth grade math class. b. The teaching philosophy of a new mathematics teacher. c. The predictive ability of mathematics grades in later math class enrollment. d. The differences in mathematics grades based upon parents' educational level.

Q: In his study on test anxiety, Jim is particularly interested in studying only first-year university students because he wants his findings to generalize to only first year students in large universities in the United States. He samples first year students at his own west coast, state university. He has identified all first year students at his institution, he has determined his desired sample size, and he has listed all the members of the population. In Jim's study, the accessible population is a. west coast university students. b. first-year students at US universities. c. students at Jim's university. d. first-year students at Jim's university.

Q: Jill is a first grade teacher. Her class is a bit out of control and she needs a classroom management strategy. Which of the following strategies illustrates inductive reasoning? a. Jill decides to use "˜time out" because her mother, a veteran teacher said to use "˜time out". b. Jill asks the other first grade teachers in the building what they use and determines she will use assertive discipline because the majority use it. c. Jill determines she will use proximity approaches to management since it seems to be working for her so far. d. Jill decides she will use home-based contingencies because teachers use them and she is a teacher so she should use them.