Q&A Hero

Q: Given a person with a z score of 0 on a norm-referenced assessment, what can we conclude regarding her performance? Compared to the norm group, a. the person performed poorly. b. the person performed at the mean. c. the person performed above average. d. the person performed at the 34 percentile.

Q: A Phi coefficient is used for a. rank level data. b. continuous level data. c. artificial dichotomous level data. d. true dichotomous level data.

Q: Derrick is conducting a stratified sampling procedure. He wants to assure he has the appropriate representation of students from at each of the class levels in his study. Next he will a. identify and define the population. b. determine desired sample size. c. classify all members of the population as members of the subgroups. d. randomly select an appropriate number of individuals to represent the subgroups.

Q: Cassie, a qualitative researcher, conducted focus groups for her dissertation study. She would like to include some quotes from her interviews in her report.Where will she likely include these quotes?a. Abstractb. Introductionc. Methodd. Results

Q: Which of the following is an example of the speech recognition tools that the text suggests may facilitate the narrative research process? a. MSWrite 3.0 b. Speechwrite 1.0 c. Dragon Dictate 2.0 d. TypeTALK 1.0

Q: Given a person who has a T score of 30 on a norm-referenced assessment, what can we conclude regarding his performance compared to the norm group? The student a. did well on the assessment. b. performed average on the assessment. c. performed within 1 standard deviation of the mean. d. performed poorly on the assessment.

Q: Joni teaches a preschool class. She has eight students and ranks them based upon math and reading ability. She would like to see if there is a relationship between how well her students are ranked in math and in reading. Which of the following correlations should she use? a. Kendall's tau b. Phi coefficient c. Biserial d. eta

Q: In simple random sampling, after the researcher has determined the desired sample size she must a. identify the population. b. define the population. c. list all members of the population. d. select an arbitrary number from the table of random numbers.

Q: Michelle did not find any significant differences between the control group and the treatment group in her dissertation study. She would likely address the potential reasons why her hypothesis was not supported in which section of a research report?a. Introductionb. Methodc. Resultsd. Discussion

Q: Don is conducting narrative research on the nature of and development of national educational policy. Which of the following includes a primary source in his work? a. Interviews with a select few informants b. An analysis of the last four administration's policies c. A survey of all current employees of the Department of Education d. White papers and press releases from the Department of Education

Q: A score at "1 standard deviation represents a percentile rank of approximately a. 2%. b. 16%. c. 34%. d. 68%.

Q: A Pearson r correlation is best used for data that is a. only ordinal level. b. both ordinal and interval level. c. only interval level. d. both interval and ratio.

Q: The group that the researcher would ideally like to generalize findings to is referred to as a. a sample. b. a population. c. a target population. d. an accessible population.

Q: Audrey studies self-regulation. She has decided to implement a new assessment strategy in her work. She must, however, compare the new method with those previously used. Where will Audrey describe the methods used to assess self- regulation in previous studies?a. Introductionb. Instrumentsc. Proceduresd. Results

Q: Which of the following best characterizes activities during the first phase of restorying? a. The researcher shares his version of the narrative and solicits feedback. b. The researcher conducts interviews and transcribes the audiotapes. c. The researcher constructs an initial narrative of the data. d. The researcher presents her personal narrative to be ethical.

Q: A score at the mean of the normal distribution represents a stanine of a. 0. b. 1. c. 5. d. 10.

Q: General guidelines for interpreting correlations, in a group study, as presented in your text indicate that a correlation of r=-.82 is considered a. un-interpretable. b. low. c. average. d. strong.

Q: The provost is interested in what it is like to be a teacher at a Research I Institution. He selects three specific types of participants for his study. Those who teach only advanced doctoral students, those who teach only undergraduate survey courses, and those who teach a mix of course levels. The provost is illustrating a. homogeneous sampling. b. intensity sampling. c. criterion sampling. d. snowball sampling.

Q: Abby's research addresses children's self-esteem. Previous self-esteem studies have found that self-esteem is crucial for learners' to try new and difficult academic tasks. In which section of her report will Abby include these previous findings?a. Introductionb. Materialsc. Resultsd. Procedures

Q: Mo is conducting a narrative research study on the experiences of certified teachers who must be re-certified or alternatively certified in order to continue to teach in their current positions. The purpose of her study is to describe these teachers' experiences. She has decided to focus on Jenn, a certified elementary teacher and licensed school psychologist who must complete work to be certified to teach in one of the districts new pre-kindergarten classes. Given Mo's study, her interactions with Jenn and the stories she collects to be used as data are referred to as which of the following? a. Interpretive narrative b. Narrative analysis c. Analysis of narrative d. Narrative critique

Q: Of the following, which represents a positively skewed distribution? a. Mean<median b. Median<mean c. Mode< median d. Mode<mean

Q: General guidelines for interpreting correlations in a group study as presented in your text indicate that a correlation of r=30 is considered a. not interpretable. b. low and not important. c. average but meaningful. d. high and predictive.

Q: Bonnie is conducting a study on the social skills of those children who have identified speech and language needs. She selects children who have Individual Education Plans (IEPs) for speech and language only and not any other educational exceptionalities. Bonnie is illustrating a. homogeneous sampling. b. intensity sampling. c. criterion sampling. d. snowball sampling.

Q: Shirley found significant positive correlations between amount of independent reading time allotted in first grade classrooms and children's reading attitudes. She wants to include in her report that teachers should allow more independent reading time in their classrooms. In which section of the research report should Shirley include this recommendation?a. Introductionb. Methodc. Resultsd. Discussion

Q: Mo is conducting a narrative research study on the experiences of certified teachers who must be re-certified or alternatively certified in order to continue to teach in their current positions. The purpose of her study is to describe these teachers' experiences. She has decided to focus on Jenn, a certified elementary teacher and licensed school psychologist who must complete work to be certified to teach in one of the districts new pre-kindergarten classes. What is the next step Mo will take in her study? a. Collaborate with Jenn to construct data collection methods b. Deeply consider her relationship with Jenn c. Develop narrative research questions d. Conduct a literature review to see what is written on the topic.

Q: Of the following, which represents a negatively skewed distribution? a. Mean<median b. Median< mean c. Median<mode d. Mean <mode

Q: Data collection for types of correlation studies is generally a. longer than most qualitative approaches. b. shorter for prediction studies than for correlation studies. c. longer than most types of quantitative research. d. shorter than most types of quantitative research.

Q: All of the following are examples of probability sampling techniques EXCEPT a. cluster sampling. b. stratified sampling. c. multistage sampling. d. criterion sampling.

Q: According to your text, the limitations of a study should be reported in the______________ section.a. introductionb. methodc. resultsd. discussion

Q: As a speech and language therapist, Carol has been reading a lot of research on several therapies for stroke victims. It occurs to her that she would like to study the experiences of stroke victims during their therapy sessions. It has been her experience that there are many challenges for these clients and she wants to better understand those challenges. What type of study does Carol's purpose suggest would be most appropriate? a. Narrative b. Survey c. Correlational d. Single-subject

Q: A small deviation indicates that a. there are a small number of data points. b. the median score is relatively small. c. the variance in scores is small. d. there are a number of missing data points.

Q: Errors in instrument reliability a. do not effect interrelatedness of variables. b. decrease the number of significant relationships found. c. increase the number of significant relationships found. d. may either increase of decrease the number of relationships between variables.

Q: Participants identified as those from whom to seek information is the definition of a. a sample. b. a population. c. a target population. d. an accessible population.

Q: Darlene is a nonnative English speaker and is preparing her research report in English. She has many grammatical errors. Darlene's errors are broadly referred to as ______________ errors.a. styleb. formatc. organizationd. structural

Q: Marge is a narrative researcher. Which of the following is most likely the goal for her study of young boys' sports injuries? a. To catalog the number and type of injuries in a single calendar year b. To increase awareness of sports injuries in youth sport c. To help to develop awareness of the long term consequences of youth sport injuries d. To explore the experiences of injured youth athletes and their families

Q: The measure that represents the difference between the highest and lowest score is the a. standard deviation. b. mean. c. median. d. range.

Q: Shrinkage refers to a. lowered accuracy in a prediction equation when it is applied to a new sample. b. combining many variables in order to predict the most amount of variance. c. effects of unreliable instruments underestimating the correlation. d. a measure of the error found in a regression equation.

Q: Alexandra is conducting a study on math achievement and wants to collect a sample representative of minority students. She goes to St. Louis inner-city schools because she knows there are a lot of racial and ethnic minorities in these schools. Alexandra is illustrating which of the following? a. Quota sampling b. Purposive sampling c. Convenience sampling d. Systematic sampling

Q: Overgeneralization in a research report refers toa. using instruments in the study that lack reliability and validity.b. stating conclusions that are not warranted by the results.c. reporting a larger response rate than actually participated.d. conducting inferential statistics on nominal level data.

Q: Damisi is conducting a narrative research study on the experiences of students who take a semester leave to work and live in developing countries upon their return to their previous lives. In Damisi's study the collection of the participants' stories to be used as data is considered a. narrative analysis. b. narrative critique. c. analysis of narrative. d. interpretive narrative.

Q: The most commonly used measure of variability used with interval and ratio data is the a. standard deviation. b. mean. c. quartile deviation. d. range.

Q: Attentuation refers to a. stating there is not a relationship between two variables when there is one b. lowered accuracy in a prediction equation when it is applied to a new sample. c. combining many variables in order to predict the most amount of variance. d. effects of unreliable instruments underestimating the correlation.

Q: Your school district is considering having summer library hours at several elementary schools. These hours will allow children to take out books over the summer. A team of researchers has been hired to determine if the local community supports the cost of the program. The researchers develop a brief survey and go to the local public library on Saturday morning to solicit volunteers to fill out their survey. These researchers are illustrating a. quota sampling. b. purposive sampling. c. convenience sampling. d. systematic sampling.

Q: Laura, an art educator, completed her correlational study that examined the relationship between the number of art classes taken in high school and out of school attendance at museums and galleries. She has a correlation matrix that conveys some of her findings. In which section of Laura's research report should the matrix be included?a. Instrumentsb. Proceduresc. Resultsd. Discussion

Q: Damisi is conducting a narrative research study on the experiences of students who take a semester leave to work and live in developing countries upon their return to their previous lives. Damisi has identified the purpose of her study and her phenomenon to explore. She proceeds to select individuals to study to learn about the experience with, and poses initial research questions, next she will a. describe her role as the researcher. b. describe her data collection methods. c. describe how she will analyze her data. d. construct the story with the participants.

Q: The measure of variability most appropriate for nominal data is the a. standard deviation. b. mean. c. quartile deviation. d. range.

Q: In a prediction study of low achieving students academic motivation, Hillary was surprised that achievement scores were not a significant predictor of motivation. Hillary's analysis is most likely is displaying a. shrinkage. b. attenuation. c. standard variance. d. restriction of range.

Q: Jill examines the career interest of children of international diplomats. She selects the children of international diplomats from the United States who were in service between 1980 and 1990. The children had to be at least eight years old but less than 16 years old at the time of their parent's service and had to be stationed outside the United States with their diplomat parent for at least 24 continuous months. Jill is using which type of sampling? a. Random purposive sampling b. Homogeneous sampling c. Intensity sampling d. Snowball sampling

Q: Ed is writing up his dissertation study. His study was a survey study of parent satisfaction with current advanced placement course offerings across different schools in the state. Where in the report should Ed include a copy of his survey?a. Introductionb. Methodc. Resultsd. Appendix

Q: Compared to quantitative research methods, narrative research is more a. objective. b. valid. c. inductive. d. generalizable.

Q: Which of the following is NOTa measure of variability? a. standard deviation. b. mean. c. quartile deviation. d. range.

Q: Testing the statistical significance of a correlation requires knowledge of a. mean, sample size, level of significance. b. mean and level of significance. c. level of significance and sample size. d. sample size and mean.

Q: Ken is conducting a qualitative study for the university regarding the institutional variables that racial and ethnic minority doctoral students face in completing their degrees. Only those students who have completed their degrees in the last five years and may have faced institutional barriers are desired for the study. He feels he needs to interview about 35 graduates. He interviews a small initial sample identified though formal complaints filed regarding the issue. He then asks each of those he interviews to identify any additional participants they can think of and then interviews those individuals until he has reached his sample size. Ken is best illustrating a. random purposive sampling. b. systematic sampling. c. intensity sampling. d. snowball sampling.

Q: George is writing up his qualitative research study. In which section of a research report will he indicate that he used a snowball sampling technique?a. Instrumentationb. Proceduresc. Participantsd. Design

Q: Which of the following is a key characteristic of narrative research? a. Narrative research is best conducted independently. b. Narrative research is concerned with experiences. c. Narrative research is concerned with generalizability. d. Narrative research is concerned with external validity.

Q: If there are extreme scores in a data set, what is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to indicate the most typical score? a. Mode b. Standard deviation c. Mean d. Median

Q: In her prediction study of high school mathematics experiences and University calculus performance, Kirby reported that number of courses taken was correlated r=.42 while the grades in high school mathematics courses was correlated r=.25 with university grades. Given her findings, Kirby can conclude which of the following? a. High school grades are a better predictor than are number of courses taken. b. Both high school grades and number of courses taken are strong predictors. c. Both high school grades and number of courses taken are weak predictors. d. Number of courses taken are a better predictor than are high school grades.

Q: Generally, which of the following is NOT suggested for use in quantitative studies? a. Purposive sampling b. Random sampling c. Multistage sampling d. Systematic sampling

Q: In a qualitative report, a description of the context in which the participants function is found in the ______________ section.a. participantsb. proceduresc. designd. discussion

Q: Shelly is a narrative researcher interested in the challenges of being a first year teacher in a small rural school. Given the suggestions in your text, who might be the best individual for Shelly to consider as a primary participant? a. Maria, a second year teacher b. Alfred, a new teacher's spouse c. Sarah, a veteran teacher in the district d. Jim, the superintendent of the school

Q: Garrett did a survey to determine the favorite sport of fourth grade children in Williamstown. Which of the following is the appropriate measure of central tendency for his data? a. Mode b. Standard deviation c. Mean d. Median

Q: The correlation that Kim found in her study between math self-efficacy and enrollment in advanced mathematics was r=.25. Her correlation can be described as a. low. b. meaningful. c. strong. d. predictive.

Q: Sean knows a lot about racial tensions in public schools. He wants to conduct a quantitative study that examines the current state of affairs in public schools. He contacts two school districts, one that has a history of problems and one that does not randomly selects students from these schools to participate in his study. One concern with the study, however, is that Sean used a. convenience sampling. b. purposive sampling. c. quota sampling. d. multistage sampling.

Q: The statistical techniques employed or the qualitative interpretation applied in a study appear in the __________ section.a. methodb. proceduresc. resultsd. discussion

Q: Saeed, a narrative researcher who studies speech and language challenges in adults, has asked Darina to construct a timeline and divide the timeline into segments that represent significant events in her life related to her speech and language development. Saeed is best illustrating which of the following data collection approaches? a. Oral history b. Narrative analysis c. Letter writing d. Biographical sharing

Q: Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that best represents the standard deviation is a. 1.8 b. 2.3 c. 2.6 d. 3.0

Q: Sam concluded in his research report that as class size increased teaching efficacy also increased. Of the following which is a correlation coefficient would best support Sam's claim. a. -.82 b. .09 c. .24 d. .68

Q: Jacki is conducting a study that examines the effects of multi-vitamins on common cold symptoms. She hopes to generalize her findings to the school-age population of children in a specified region in her state. She knows the population of children is 9,000. She is going to do a survey study and decides to sample 7000 children. Regarding Jacki's sample we know that a. it is substantially too small. b. it is not representative. c. it will result in large sampling bias. d. it is substantially too big.

Q: The reference section in a research report includesa. all sources that are referenced in the report by order of appearance in the manuscript.b. all sources that are referenced in the report with the most recent references first.c. all sources that are referenced in the text alphabetically by author's last name.d. all sources that are referenced in the text alphabetically by title of the reference.

Q: The final step in the narrative research process is b. interpreting data. c. writing the narrative. d. describing data collection. e. describing the researchers role.

Q: Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that best represents the variance is a. 3.25 b. 5.40 c. 6.76 d. 9.0

Q: Paul found an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .85 for his self-esteem measure. Paul's instrument a. shows high internal consistency reliability. b. indicates acceptable internal consistency reliability. c. indicates minimally acceptable internal consistency reliability. d. shows poor internal consistency reliability.

Q: Jack identifies the population for his study on the effects of television violence on children as five year old children who watch television more than 15 hours a week. He has determined the sample size he needs, but has hit a snag. He can"t list all the members of his population. It is likely that Jack will employ a ______________ approach. a. simple random b. stratified c. convenience d. snowball

Q: As part of the hypothesis statement in a research report,a. the variables are operationally defined.b. the procedures of the study are clearly conveyed.c. the instruments used in the study are described.d. previous findings from related research are documented.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a specific method discussed in your text as a narrative data source? a. Oral History b. Biographical Writing c. Letter writing d. Census findings

Q: Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that best represents the range is: a. 6. b. 7. c. 9. d. 10.

Q: Given a correlation of r=.80, the common variance shared by the variables is approximately a. 25% b. 40% c. 65% d. 80%

Q: If all participants in a given sample have an equal and independent chance of being selected for a study it is said that the sample has been selected a. randomly. b. systematically. c. biasedly. d. conveniently.

Q: In a thesis or dissertation, the name and location of the college or university awarding a degree is founda. in the title page.b. in the abstract.c. in the appendix.d. in the preliminary pages.

Q: Narrative researchers who collect their participants' stories of their experience and analyze those stories to create a description of themes across the stories are said to be illustrating which type of narrative research? a. narrative analysis. b. narrative critique. c. analysis of narrative. d. interpretive narrative.