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Programming Language
Q:
Referencing elements outside the array bounds
(a) can result in changes to the value of an unrelated variable
(b) is impossible because C checks to make sure it does not happen
(c) is a syntax error
(d) enlarges the size of the array
Q:
Constant variables
(a) can be assigned values in executable statements
(b) do not have to be initialized when they are defined
(c) can be used to specify array sizes, thereby making programs more scalable
(d) can be used to specify array sizes, but this makes programs harder to understand
Q:
Which of the following is not a correct way to initialize an array?
(a) int n[5] = {0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 2};
(b) int n[] = {0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 2};
(c) int n[5] = {7};
(d) int n[5] = {6, 6, 6};
Q:
Which definition tells the computer to reserve 12 elements for integer array c?
a) c[12] int;
b) int c [11];
c) c[11] int;
d) int c[12];
Q:
Which statement would be used to define a 10 element integer array c?
(a) Array c = int[10];
(b) c = int[10];
(c) int Array c[10];
(d) int c[10];
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) The brackets used to enclose the subscript of an array are not an operator in C.
b) To refer to a particular element in an array, we specify the name of the array and the position number of the element in the array.
c) The position number within an array is more formally called a subscript.
d) "Array element seven" and the "seventh element of an array" do not mean the same thing. This is a frequent source of off-by-one errors.
Q:
The first element in every array is the __________ element.
a) null
b) 1
c) 0
d) empty
Q:
An array is a group of memory locations related by the fact that they all have __________ array name and __________ type.
a) different, different
b) same, different
c) different same
d) same, same
Q:
Which of the following is false?
(a) the first element of an array is the zeroth
(b) the last element of an array is the array size - 1
(c) the position number contained within square brackets is called a subscript
(d) a subscript cannot be an expression.
Q:
An array is not ________.
(a) a consecutive group of memory locations
(b) indexed by integers
(c) pointer-based
(d) a dynamic entity
Q:
Lists, queues, stacks and trees are __________ data structures that may grow and shrink as programs execute.
a) flexible
b) automatic
c) dynamic
d) static
Q:
Arrays and structures are __________ entities in that they remain the same size throughout program execution.
a) dynamic
b) automatic
c) register
d) static
Q:
Arrays are data structures consisting of related data items of the same __________.
a) sort order
b) subscript
c) type
d) element
Q:
All of the following are reasons to use recursion except:
(a) an iterative solution is not apparent
(b) the resulting program is easier to debug
(c) it more naturally mirrors the problem
(d) it maximizes software performance
Q:
Recursion is to the base case as iteration is to ________?
(a) the counter
(b) an iteration statement
(c) failure of the loop continuation test
(d) a selection statement
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) The ANSI C standard does not specify the order in which the operands of most operators are to be evaluated.
b) The ANSI C standard specifies the order of evaluation of operators &&, ||, comma, and ?:.
c) A program that evaluates Fibonacci numbers recursively achieves high performance because of exponential complexity.
d) Programs that depend on the order of evaluation of the operands of operators other than &&, ||, comma, and ?: can function differently on systems with different compilers.
Q:
Assuming the following pseudocode for the Fibonacci series, what is the value of fibonacci(5)?fibonacci(0) = 0fibonacci(1) = 1fibonacci(n) = fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)(a) 8(b) 1(c) 3(d) 5
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) A recursive function is a function that calls itself either directly or indirectly through another function.
b) A recursive function knows how to solve only one or more base cases.
c) The recursion step executes after the original call to the function terminates.
d) In order for the recursion to eventually terminate, each time the function calls itself with a slightly simpler version of the original problem, this sequence of smaller and smaller problems must eventually converge on a base case.
Q:
Recursion is memory-intensive because ________.
(a) it must occur numerous times before it terminates
(b) previous function calls are still open when the function calls itself and the arguments of these previous calls still occupy space on the call stack
(c) many copies of the function code are created
(d) it requires large data values
Q:
What value does function mystery return when called with a value of 4?
int mystery (int number)
{
if (number <= 1) {
return 1;
}
else {
return number * mystery(number " 1);
}
}
(a) 1
(b) 24
(c) 0
(d) 4
Q:
A recursive function is a function that ________.
(a) returns a double
(b) takes 3 arguments
(c) calls itself
(d) is inside of another function
Q:
Which is not a scope for an identifier?
a) function scope
b) record scope
c) block scope
d) function-prototype scope
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) When we define a local variable in a block it can be referenced only in that block or in blocks in which that block is nested.
b) Labels are the only identifiers with function scope.
c) Labels can be used anywhere in the function in which they appear, but can not be referenced outside the function body.
d) Labels are used in switch statements and in goto statements.
Q:
The only identifiers that can be reused elsewhere in a program without any ambiguity are
(a) global variables
(b) static local variables
(c) those in the parameter list of a function prototype
(d) those in the parameter list of a function definition
Q:
Labels are the only identifiers with
(a) function scope
(b) file scope
(c) block scope
(d) function-prototype scope
Q:
Global variables and function names are of storage class __________ by default.
a) register
b) extern
c) static
d) auto
Q:
An identifier's __________ is where the identifier can be referenced in a program.
a) locality
b) vicinity
c) neighborhood
d) scope
Q:
Which is not an attribute of a variable?
a) storage class
b) storage duration
c) scope
d) external class
Q:
Which is not a storage class?
a) automatic
b) register
c) extern
d) static
Q:
Which is not an attribute of a variable?
a) name
b) definition
c) type
d) value
Q:
Which of the following is not true of static local variables?
(a) They"re accessible outside of the function in which they are defined.
(b) They retain their values when the function is exited.
(c) They"re initialized to zero if not explicitly initialized by the programmer.
(d) They can be pointers.
Q:
An identifier's storage class
(a) determines the period during which that identifier exists in memory
(b) determines whether an identifier in a multiple-source-file program is known only in the current source file or in any source file with proper definitions
(c) determines where the identifier can be referenced in a program
(d) all of the above
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) Function rand generates an integer between 0 and MAX.
b) The range of values produced directly by rand is often different than what is needed in a specific application.
c) The number 6 in the expression rand % 6 is called a scaling factor.
d) The rand function prototype is in <stdlib.h>.
Q:
srand
(a) should be called before each call to rand
(b) should be used instead of rand to generate truly random numbers
(c) is unnecessary in C
(d) can use timeas an automatically input seed value
Q:
In the expression
n = a + rand() % b;
(a) b is the shifting value
(b) a is the scaling value
(c) b is equal to the width of the desired range of integers
(d) both (a) and (c)
Q:
A variable that can have values only in the range 0 to 65535 is a
(a) four-byte int
(b) four-byte unsigned int
(c) two-byte int
(d) two-byte unsigned int
Q:
The randfunction generates a data value of the type
(a) unsigned int
(b) int
(c) long int
(d) short int
Q:
Which statement is true?
a) When an argument is passed call by reference, a copy of the argument's value is made and passed to the called function.
b) With call by reference, changes to the passed value do not affect the original variable's value in the calling functions.
c) Call by value should be used whenever the called function does not need to modify the value of the caller's original value.
d) Call by value should only be used with trusted called functions that need to modify the original variable.
Q:
When arguments are passed by __________, the caller allows the called function to modify the original variable's value.
(a) value
(b) reference
(c) both a and b
(d) none of these
Q:
Which standard library header file contains function prototypes for conversions of numbers to text and text to numbers, memory allocation, random numbers and other utility functions.
a) <stdarg.h>
b) <stdlib.h>
c) <stdutl.h>
d) <stddef.h>
Q:
Each standard library has a corresponding __________.
(a) function
(b) variable type
(c) header file
(d) cd-rom
Q:
The forcing of arguments to the appropriate types is commonly called __________.
a) conversion
b) casting
c) coercion
d) transmogrification
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) The compiler uses function prototypes to validate function calls.
b) Prior to ANSI C, C did not include function prototypes.
c) A function prototype tells the compiler the type of data returned by the function, the number of parameters the function expects to receive, the types of these parameters and the order in which parameters of these types are expected.
d) The designers of ANSI C++ borrowed the notion of function prototypes from the developers of C.
Q:
A function prototype can always be omitted when a function ________.
(a) is defined before it is first invoked
(b) is invoked before it is first defined
(c) takes no arguments
(d) does not return a value
Q:
A function prototype does not have to ________.
(a) include parameter names
(b) terminate with a semicolon
(c) agree with the function definition
(d) match with all calls to the function
Q:
Which statement is true?
a) Programs should be written as collections of small functions.
b) A function must be no longer than one page.
c) The best engineered functions have many parameters and perform many distinct tasks.
d) Every function must include an explicit return statement.
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) Every block is a compound statement.
b) Every compound statement is a block.
c) Blocks can be nested.
d) Compound statements can be nested.
Q:
Which statement is true?
a) The type of every parameter in a function parameter list must be included.
b) The type of every argument in a function call must be included.
c) It is not incorrect to use the same names for the arguments passed to a function and the corresponding parameters in the function definition.
d) Defining a function parameter again as a local variable within the function is a logic error.
Q:
Placing a semicolon after the right parenthesis enclosing the parameter list of a function definition is a __________ error.
a) logic
b) syntax
c) fatal runtime
d) nonfatal runtime
Q:
The most concise notation to use to define function parameters x and y as double is __________.
a) x, y
b) x, double y
c) double x, y
d) double x, double y
Q:
The type of a parameter whose type is omitted in a function definition is __________.
a) int
b) double
c) long
d) float
Q:
As used in
int square(int);
int is not a(n) __________.
a) data type
b) parameter type
c) return type
d) function prototype
Q:
int square(int); is an example of a function __________.
a) datatype
b) stereotype
c) prototype
d) proceduretype
Q:
Which of the following code segments does not contain any errors?
(a)
void printnum (int x)
{
print("%i", x);
return x;
}
(b)
int cube(int s)
{
int s;
return (s * s * s);
}
(c)
double triple(float n) {
return (3 * n);
}
(d)
double circumference (int r)
return (3.14 * 2 * r);
Q:
Which of the following is not an indication that a function may be too complex?
(a) it has a large size
(b) it has a large parameter list
(c) its name is a clear reflection of its function
(d) it performs multiple tasks
Q:
Which of the following will not produce a syntax error?
(a) Omitting a return type from a function definition if the function prototype specifies a return type other than int
(b) Returning a value from a function defined as void
(c) Defining a function parameter again inside a function
(d) Using the same names for arguments passed to a function and the corresponding parameters in the function definition
Q:
The function prototype
double mySqrt(int x);
(a) defines a function called mySqrt which takes an integer as an argument and returns a double
(b) defines a function called double which calculates square roots
(c) defines a function called mySqrt which takes an argument of type x and returns a double
(d) defines a function called mySqrt which takes a double as an argument and returns an integer
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) Each function should be limited to performing a single, well-defined task.
b) If you cannot choose a concise name that expresses what a function does, it's possible that the function is attempting to perform too many diverse tasks.
c) Every function should be broken into smaller functions.
d) A function's parameters are local variables.
Q:
Which is not a motivation for "functionalizing" a program?
a) The divide-and-conquer approach makes program development more manageable.
b) Software reusabilityusing existing building blocks to create new programs.
c) Avoid repeating code.
d) Execution performancefunctionalized programs run faster.
Q:
A valid reason for building programs out of functions is
(a) that the divide-and-conquer approach facilitates program construction
(b) that pre-existing functions can be used to create new programs
(c) the avoidance of code iteration within a program
(d) all of the above
Q:
Which of the following is not included in <math.h>?
(a) pow
(b) floor
(c) ln
(d) log10
Q:
What is the value of fabs(-5.)?a) 5b) 5.c) -5d) -5.
Q:
If a = 7.0, b = 7.0 and c = 6.0, then what is printed by
printf("%.2f", sqrt(a + b * c));
a) 49
b) 7.00
c) 7
d) 49.00
Q:
All functions in the math library return the data type __________.
a) float
b) int
c) long
d) double
Q:
Functions are __________ by a function call.
a) inveigled
b) invoked
c) internalized
d) inverted
Q:
Which statement is true?
a) The boss function normally knows how the worker function performs its designated tasks.
b) A worker function may not call other worker functions.
c) "Hiding" of implementation details makes it difficult to understand software.
d) The boss function is normally unaware when a worker function calls another function.
Q:
When a called function completes its task, it normally
a) terminates program execution normally
b) aborts program execution
c) logs its results
d) returns to the calling function
Q:
Which one item is most different from the other three?
a) worker function
b) caller
c) calling function
d) boss function
Q:
Which is not an ANSI standard library function?
a) printf
b) main
c) scanf
d) pow
Q:
Experience has shown that the best way to construct a program is from small pieces. This is called __________.
a) bottom up
b) the whole is greater than the sum of the parts
c) divide and conquer
d) recursion
Q:
All of the following are true of functions except:
(a) they define specific tasks that can be used at many points in a program
(b) a function call must specify the name and arguments of the function
(c) the definition of a function is always visible to other functions
(d) the implementation of a function is hidden from the caller
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) The C standard library does not provide a secure random-number generator.
(b) According to the C standard document's description of function rand, "There are no guarantees as to the quality of the random sequence produced and some implementations are known to produce sequences with distressingly non-random low-order bits."
(c) The CERT guideline MSC30-C indicates that implementation-specific random-number generation functions must be used to ensure that the random numbers produced are not predictable
(d)All of the above.
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) Both recursion and iteration are based on a control statement.
b) Both iteration and recursion involve iteration.
c) Iteration with sentinel-controlled iteration and recursion each gradually approach termination.
d) Both iteration and recursion can occur infinitely.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) If the return value of function scanf matches the number of items that should have been input, then all the inputs are valid.
(b) Even if a scanf operates successfully, the values read might still be invalid.
(c) When a program expects to receive input values in a specific range, you should peform range checking on the inputs to ensure that the values received are indeed in that range (e.g., in a program that expects grades in the range 0-100, you should check that every grade is in that range).
(d)Both (b) and (c).
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Function scanf does not return a value.
(b) You should never check the return value of function scanf.
(c) You should check the return value of function scanf to ensure that the value it returns matches the number of items that should have been input.
(d)None of the above.
Q:
Which statement is true?
a) Connecting flowchart symbols arbitrarily always forms structured programs.
b) In a structured program, control statements can only be stacked or sequenced.
c) In the "Rules for Forming Structured Programs (and Structured Flowcharts)," the rule that states, "Any rectangle (action) can be replaced by any control statement" is called the "nesting rule."
d) Structured programming does not improve the program-development process.
Q:
The ____________, __________, and ____________ are the only three forms of control necessary.
(a) switch, if, else
(b) sequence, selection, iteration
(c) break, continue, ifelse
(d) for, while, dowhile
Q:
Which statement is false?
a) Any expression in C that produces a value can be used in the decision portion of any control statement.
b) When tested for truth or falsity, an expression that produces a nonzero value is treated as true.
c) Assignments in C produce a value, namely the value that the left-hand side of the assignment had prior to the assignment.
d) Operator == is for comparisons; operator = is for assignment.
Q:
Of the following, which is not a logic error?
(a) Using the assignment (=) operator instead of the (==) equality operator to determine if two values are equal
(b) Dividing by zero
(c) Failing to initialize counter and total variables before the body of a loop
(d) Using commas instead of the two required semicolons in a for header
Q:
Consider the following code, assuming that x is an integer variable with an initial value of 12:
if (x = 6) {
printf("%i", x);
}
What is the output?
(a) 6
(b) 12
(c) nothing
(d) a syntax error is produced