Q&A Hero

Q: A baseball weighs 1.5 N on Earth. Another type of ball weighs 1.5 N on the Moon. The ball with the greater mass is the A) baseball. B) other type of ball. C) same for each. D) not enough information

Q: A chunk of metal has a mass of 1 kg on Earth. If the same chunk were on the Moon its mass would be A) less. B) the same. C) more.

Q: A chunk of gold weighs 1 N on Earth. On the Moon its weight would be A) less. B) the same. C) more.

Q: A 10-kg mass at Earth's surface weighs about A) 1 N. B) 5 N. C) 10 N. D) 100 N. E) 1000 N.

Q: Your weight is A) another word for your mass. B) the gravitational attraction between you and Earth. C) a property of mechanical equilibrium. D) the same in all locations.

Q: Compared with the mass of an apple on Earth, the mass of the same apple on the Moon is A) less. B) more. C) the same.

Q: An object that has twice as much mass as another object also has twice as much A) inertia. B) velocity. C) gravitational acceleration. D) volume. E) all of the above

Q: Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same A) mass. B) volume. C) weight. D) all of the above E) none of the above

Q: Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much A) inertia. B) mass. C) volume. D) all of the above E) none of the above

Q: When the bottom string is pulled slowly in the heavy-ball-and-strings demonstration (Figure 1.7 in your text), tension A) in the top string is due to your pull plus the weight of the ball. B) is about the same in both strings. C) in the bottom string is zero. D) none of the above

Q: A heavy ball hangs by a string, with a second string attached to its bottom (Figure 1.7 in your text). A slow pull on the bottom string breaks the A) top string. B) bottom string. C) top or bottom string equally likely. D) none of the above

Q: A heavy ball hangs by a string, with a second string attached to its bottom (Figure 1.7 in your text). A quick pull on the bottom string breaks the A) top string. B) bottom string. C) top or bottom string equally likely. D) none of the above

Q: The quantity that most relates to the size of an object is A) mass. B) weight. C) volume. D) none of the above

Q: A kilogram is a unit of A) mass. B) weight. C) both the same D) none of the above

Q: Lift an object against the force of gravity if you want to judge its A) mass. B) weight. C) both the same D) none of the above

Q: Shake an object to and fro if you want to judge its A) mass. B) weight. C) both the same D) none of the above

Q: A 1-kg block of iron weighs about A) 1 N. B) 5 N. C) 10 N. D) more than 10 N.

Q: Between mass and weight, the more fundamental quantity is A) mass. B) weight. C) both the same. D) none of the above

Q: A kilogram is a measure of an object's A) weight. B) force. C) mass. D) gravity.

Q: Which has the greatest mass? A) a fluffed-up king-size pillow B) a scrunched-up king-size pillow C) an automobile battery D) all about the same

Q: A probe in space continues in its motion due to A) very low friction. B) its own inertia. C) it seeking a continued state of motion. D) none of the above

Q: According to Galileo, a rolled ball eventually comes to a stop because A) of friction. B) of inertia. C) it seeks its natural state of rest. D) all of the above

Q: According to Aristotle, a rolled ball eventually comes to a stop because A) of friction. B) of inertia. C) it seeks its natural state of rest. D) all of the above

Q: According to Galileo, the test of scientific truth is A) experiment. B) philosophical discussion. C) evident patterns in nature. D) logic.

Q: According to Galileo, inertia is a A) force like any other force. B) special kind of force. C) property of all matter. D) concept opposite to force.

Q: When Galileo rolled a ball down an incline and up another incline, he found that the ball rolled nearly to A) its initial height. B) halfway its original height. C) three-quarters its original height. D) higher than its original height.

Q: Galileo said that if you rolled a ball along a level surface it would A) slow down due to its natural tendency to come to rest. B) keep rolling without slowing down if no friction acted upon it. C) roll as long as its inertia nudged it along. D) eventually roll in the opposite direction.

Q: Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored A) philosophical discussions. B) experiment. C) non-mathematical thinking. D) none of the above

Q: The scientist first credited for discovering the concept of inertia was A) Aristotle. B) Galileo. C) Newton. D) Copernicus.

Q: Galileo's demonstration at the Leaning Tower of Pisa A) confirmed Aristotle's teachings. B) refuted Aristotle's teachings. C) failed in their purpose. D) none of the above

Q: In contrast to Aristotle's way of explaining nature, Galileo relied on A) experiment. B) logic. C) patterns. D) mathematics.

Q: Aristotle believed that natural laws could be understood by A) experiment. B) logic. C) patterns. D) mathematics.

Q: Aristotle treated motion by A) comparing the distance traveled with the time of travel. B) measurements of distance traveled. C) dividing it into two classes. D) all of the above

Q: Of the sciences known as physics, chemistry, and biology, the most basic is A) physics. B) chemistry. C) biology. D) none in particular, as each may be considered fundamental.

Q: Technology is mainly A) a body of scientific knowledge. B) a tool of science. C) what is wrong with the world. D) a solution to all of mankind's problems.

Q: Science and technology are A) really one and the same. B) responsible for all the good in the world. C) responsible for all that is wrong in the world. D) fundamentally different from each other.

Q: Which of the following involves passion, talent, and intelligence? A) art B) literature C) music D) science E) all of the above

Q: A truly educated person is knowledgeable about A) science. B) the arts. C) religion. D) all of the above

Q: Science is concerned mainly with the A) natural world. B) spiritual world. C) difference between right and wrong. D) search for eternal truths.

Q: Science, art, and religion need not contradict one another because A) all three operate in different domains. B) choosing the correct one allows you can forget the other two. C) choosing religion and art allows you to dismiss science. D) choosing science means that you can forget about religion and art.

Q: The statement, "There are regions beneath the Earth's crust that will always be beyond the reach of scientific investigation," is A) a fact. B) speculation. C) a scientific statement. D) a theory.

Q: A hypothesis that is scientific must have a test for proving it A) right. B) wrong. C) either.

Q: When a scientist is dishonest and reports false information, he or she A) will usually be excused by the scientific community. B) after an apology, will be excused by the scientific community. C) gets no second chance in the scientific community. D) will likely be burned at the stake.

Q: In science, a theory is A) an educated guess. B) less than a fact. C) a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge. D) unchangeable.

Q: A scientific hypothesis can be disproved with A) one reproducible experiment. B) disapproval of other scientists. C) many tests by many scientists. D) philosophical reasoning.

Q: Which of the following is a scientific statement? A) the Moon is made of green cheese B) matter is filled with undetectable particles C) there are parts of the universe that will never be found by humans D) none of the above

Q: Which of these is a scientific hypothesis (that could be proved wrong)? A) atoms in proper proportions make us feel good B) atoms are in all the stars in the universe C) an atom is the smallest bit of matter in a material D) none of the above

Q: Success in science is mainly linked to emphasis on A) experiments. B) luck. C) trial and error. D) philosophical discussions.

Q: The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific A) fact. B) hypothesis. C) law or principle. D) theory. E) none of the above

Q: In science, facts A) are absolute. B) may change. C) mean very little. D) are more important than theories.

Q: In science, an educated guess is a A) hypothesis. B) theory. C) both

Q: The scientific method is most effective in A) making hypotheses. B) gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge. C) discovering new things. D) making theories. E) performing experiments.

Q: Scientific equations in a conceptual course are mainly A) recipes for plugging in numerical data. B) guides to thinking about the relationships between concepts. C) for mathematical problem solving. D) unfortunately a confusing way of explaining ideas.

Q: The language of science is A) mathematics. B) Latin. C) Chinese. D) Arabic.

Q: Science is a body of knowledge that extends back to A) humankind's beginnings. B) Greece in the 7th century B.C. C) Italy in the 16th century. D) the time of Galileo.

Q: A light year is defined as the distance light can travel at 3 x 108m/s in one year (365 days). How far is one light year in kilometers? Enter your answer accurate to two decimal places in scientific notation.

Q: If the average lifetime of a proton was 1033years, about how many protons would you have to assemble together and observe simultaneously in order to witness a total of 100 proton decays in one year?

Q: What is the quark composition of the D++? It has no strangeness, no charm, and no top-ness or bottom-ness. Its spin is 3/2.

Q: What is the quark composition of the strange K+meson?

Q: Use the conservation laws to identify the missing particle in each of the following reactions. (a) K-+ p > S+ + __________. (b) K+> nm +_________. (c) p + p > p + p+ + ___________.

Q: Indicate the validity of the following decay processes. For any reactions which are not valid (that is, not permitted), give a reason. (a) S0> L0+ p0 (b) p-> m-+ nm (c) K0> p0+ p0+ p+

Q: The rest energy of a particular subatomic particle is 1200 MeV. If this particle is traveling at 90% the speed of light, what is its total relativistic energy?

Q: (a) What is the rest energy (in joules) of a subatomic particle whose (rest) mass is 6.7 x 10-31 kg? (b) How many MeV's of energy is this?

Q: The lifetime of a free neutron is 887 s. If a neutron moves with a speed 2.9 ï‚´108m/s relative to an observer in the lab, what does the observer measure the neutron's lifetime to be?

Q: The four fundamental forces in nature are the __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Q: Match each item with the correct statement below.a. time dilation i. strange particlesb. elementary particle j. quarksc. antiparticle k. charmd. spin l. electroweak interactione. fermions m. GUTsf. bosons n. intermediate bosonsg. baryons o. mesonsh. leptons1/ intrinsic angular momentum carried by subatomic particles quantized in units of h/2p2/ fractionally charged particles; building blocks of all hadrons3/ subatomic particles not subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle4/ prediction of special relativity that moving clocks run slow5/ quantum "charge" first explicitly manifested in the D0meson6/ models for combining the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions into a single basic force7/ may annihilate upon collision with a particle to produce gamma rays8/ subatomic particles belonging to one of three families that do not participate in the strong interaction9/ subatomic particles which possess a quantum "charge" that is conserved in strong and electromagnetic interactions, but not in weak interactions10/ theory for which S. Weinberg and A. Salam shared the 1979 Nobel prize in physics11/ strongly interacting spin 0 or 1 particles12/ carrier particles for the fundamental forces13/ strongly interacting spin 1/2 or 3/2 particles14/ spin 1/2 particles that do not interact via the strong force15/ these particles possess half-integral spins

Q: It takes approximately ___________ seconds for a particle moving at the speed of light to travel the 150 million kilometers from the Sun to Earth.

Q: If the electron is a lepton, then the antilepton is a(n) __________.

Q: A __________ interacts via the strong interaction.

Q: The color force between quarks is carried by __________.

Q: The quark structure of the neutron is __________.

Q: The quark structure of the proton is __________.

Q: The ______________ interaction alone can change one type of quark into another.

Q: The six quantum numbers for quarks are __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Q: The __________ binds quarks together.

Q: The fundamental particles that are the building blocks of hadrons are __________.

Q: According to the Weinberg-Salam model, the massless carriers of the electroweak interaction acquire mass in the process of ______________.

Q: Steven Weinberg, Abdus Salam, and Sheldon Glashow shared the 1979 Nobel prize in physics for their development of __________.

Q: Models for combining the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions into a single basic force are __________.

Q: Conservation of __________ is observed in strong and electromagnetic interactions, but not in weak interactions.