Physic

Q: When an unstable Cf nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus formed is that of A) Cf. B) Fm. C) Bk. D) Cm. E) Es.

Q: When an unstable Krypton nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus formed is that of A) Krypton. B) Strontium. C) Bromine. D) Selenium. E) Rubidium.

Q: When an oxygen-19 nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus formed is that of A) nitrogen-18. B) oxygen-18. C) fluorine-19. D) carbon-14.

Q: Radioactive decay was discovered in 1896 by A) Ernest Rutherford. B) Niels Bohr. C) Henri Becquerel. D) Marie and Pierre Curie.

Q: Which isotope of hydrogen is radioactive? A) Protium B) Tritium C) Deuterium D) Hydronium

Q: The most important force between a proton and a neutron is the ______________ force. A) strong nuclear B) quark C) electromagnetic D) gravitational

Q: The strong nuclear force is A) strongly repulsive for distances less than 10-14m and strongly attractive for larger distances. B) zero for distances less than 10-14 m and strongly attractive for larger distances. C) strongly attractive for distances less than 10-14 m and zero for larger distances. D) strongly attractive for distances less than 10-14 m and repulsive for larger distances.

Q: The nucleus makes up about what percentage of the mass of an atom? A) 99.9% B) 50% C) 90% D) 5%

Q: The average mass of the atoms of an element in naturally occurring samples is called the ______________ mass of the element. A) atomic B) average C) relative D) molecular

Q: Which type of atom is the standard on which the atomic mass scale is based? A) 12C B) 16O C) 1H D) 56Fe

Q: The diameter of an average atom is about A) 10-7m. B) 10-10 m. C) 10-5 m. D) 10-14 m.

Q: The diameter of an average nucleus is about A) 10-5 m. B) 10-7 m. C) 10-10m. D) 10-14 m.

Q: The various isotopes of an element all have A) the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. B) the same total number of neutrons and protons. C) the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons. D) the same number of neutrons and the same number of protons.

Q: Who discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911? A) Marie and Pierre Curie B) Henri Becquerel C) Ernest Rutherford D) Niels Bohr

Q: Who discovered the electron in 1897? A) Ernest Rutherford B) James Chadwick C) J. J. Thomson D) Niels Bohr

Q: The mass number (A) of a nuclide is equal to the number of ______________ in one of its nuclei. A) protons plus neutrons B) protons C) neutrons D) neutrons plus electrons

Q: The atomic number (Z) of an element is equal to the number of ______________ in one of its atoms. A) protons B) neutrons C) protons plus neutrons D) neutrons plus electrons

Q: How many protons are there in an atom of ?A) 92B) 143C) 235D) None of these

Q: How many neutrons are there in an atom of ?A) 92B) 143C) 235D) None of these

Q: How many nucleons are there in an atom of ?A) 92B) 143C) 235D) None of these

Q: What is the symbol used on the periodic table for the element Neptunium? A) Kr B) Re C) Np D) Se E) Er

Q: How many protons does Protactinium have? A) 34 B) 38 C) 71 D) 11 E) 91

Q: How many protons does Se have? A) 74 B) 72 C) 91 D) 74 E) 34

Q: What is the symbol for the element whose atoms have 17 protons each? A) Pr B) Cl C) Es D) Sg E) Au

Q: What is the symbol for the element whose atoms have 92 protons each? A) Nb B) U C) Zn D) None of these

Q: What is the symbol for the element whose atoms have 40 electrons each? A) Ge B) Zr C) Ar D) None of these

Q: How many electrons are there in a neutral atom of ?A) 26B) 30C) 82D) 56

Q: How many neutrons are there in an atom of ?A) 19B) 20C) 39D) 58

Q: How many protons are there in an atom of ?A) 12B) 34C) 23D) 11

Q: A fusion reaction occurring in the interior of some stars is shown below. Calculate the mass lost, in atomic mass units, and the energy produced, in millions of electron volts. (Recall that 931 MeV is the energy obtained from the conversion of 1 u of mass.)4.00260 u 12.0000 u 15.9949 u

Q: Write the equation for the reaction of a deuteron with a triton to form a neutron and another particle.

Q: Write the equation for the beta decay of .

Q: Write the equation for the alpha decay of .

Q: Complete the equation. _____________

Q: Complete the equation, and state what type of decay is occurring. _____________

Q: Complete the equation, and state what type of decay is occurring. *_____________ + g

Q: Complete the equation, and state what type of decay is occurring._____________

Q: After 8.0 years have elapsed, 15/16 of a sample of a specific radionuclide has decayed. What is the half-life of the radionuclide?

Q: The half-life of is 14 min. How many minutes would it take for the activity of a sample of this radionuclide to decrease from 1200 cpm to 150 cpm?

Q: The half-life of is 6.0 h. What fraction of an original sample of this radionuclide would remain after 30.0 h have elapsed?

Q: Tell why each nuclide shown is unstable. Explain your reasoning in each case.

Q: Which one of the following isotopes of gallium would you expect to be radioactive? Explain your choice.

Q: Determine the atomic mass of a hypothetical element that occurs on Earth as a mixture of 30.00% 44X (atomic mass of isotope = 44.00 u) and 70.00% 46X (atomic mass of isotope = 46.00 u).

Q: Determine the atomic mass of a hypothetical element that occurs on Earth as a mixture of 20.00% 32X (atomic mass of isotope = 32.00 u) and 80.00% 34X (atomic mass of isotope = 34.00 u).

Q: State the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom of .

Q: The percentage of a radionuclide that would remain after 4 half-lives is ______________.

Q: A positron is the _______________of an electron.

Q: The number of nucleons in a nucleus is the same as the number of neutrons plus the number of _______________.

Q: Short-term and long-term effects of radiation on the health of the recipient are called ______________ effects.

Q: The scientist who developed the modern symbol notation for elements was named ______________.

Q: The common unit of radiation absorbed dosage is the ______________.

Q: The cin E= mc2 stands for ______________.

Q: Plasmas are controlled and manipulated using an approach called ______________ confinement.

Q: A gas of electrons and protons or other nuclei is called a(n) ______________.

Q: The United States' effort to build an atomic bomb was named the ______________ Project.

Q: The first self-sustaining nuclear fission reaction was achieved in Chicago in 1942 under the direction of a scientist named ______________.

Q: The number of neutrons available to cause fission in a nuclear reactor is adjusted by inserting or withdrawing the ______________.

Q: The antiparticle of the electron is called the ______________.

Q: Complete the equation: ______________

Q: The name of the transuranium element commonly used in smoke detectors is ______________.

Q: The time it takes for one-half of a sample of a radionuclide to decay is called its ______________.

Q: Copper-66 decays to zinc-66 when it emits a(n) ______________.

Q: If a radionuclide has a half-life of 8 h, ______________ half-lives would go by during 40 h.

Q: Isotopes of the element named ______________ probably will be the fuel for the first commercial fusion reactors.

Q: Complete the equation: ______________

Q: Complete the equation: *______________

Q: The four stable odd-odd nuclides are and ______________.

Q: Only the energy of a nucleus, and not its identity, is changed when it undergoes ______________ decay.

Q: No nuclide with an atomic number greater than ______________ is stable.

Q: Except for 1H and 3He, all nuclei having fewer ______________ than ______________ are radioactive.

Q: Only four nuclides having an ______________ number of protons and an ______________ number of neutrons are stable.

Q: A scientist named ______________ discovered radioactivity in 1896.

Q: An electron is emitted by an atomic nucleus in the process called ______________ decay.

Q: The symbolic notation for a beta particle is ______________.

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