Q&A Hero

Physic

Q: Intrusive igneous rock formations that lie more or less parallel to older formations are said to be ______________. A) recordant B) discordant C) concordant D) precordant
Q: The physical characteristic that is used to distinguish intrusive igneous rocks from extrusive igneous rocks is _____________. A) silica content B) hardness C) color D) grain size
Q: The saying "The present is the key to the past" isa simple way to state the basic geologic concept called ______________. A) presentarianism B) prepostanarism C) uniformitarianism D) formitarianism
Q: The scientist ______________ is generally regarded as "the father of geology." A) David Johnston B) Friedrich Mohs C) James Hutton D) Henry Beston
Q: A general name for an intrusive igneous rock formation is ______________. A) discordant B) dike C) concordant D) pluton
Q: Rocks solidified from molten material below ground are classified as ______________ igneous rocks. A) extrusive B) intrusive C) superior D) inferior
Q: Rocks solidified from molten material above ground are classified as ______________ igneous rocks. A) extrusive B) intrusive C) superior D) inferior
Q: What is the hardness of fluorite on the Mohs scale? A) 1 B) 4 C) 7 D) 10
Q: What is the hardness of quartz on the Mohs scale? A) 1 B) 4 C) 7 D) 10
Q: What is the hardness of diamond on the Mohs scale? A) 1 B) 4 C) 7 D) 10
Q: What is the hardness of talc on the Mohs scale? A) 1 B) 4 C) 7 D) 10
Q: Which of the following is the softest mineral on the Mohs scale? A) Talc B) Gypsum C) Diamond D) Quartz
Q: Which of the following is ranked 7 on the Mohs scale? A) Talc B) Gypsum C) Diamond D) Quartz
Q: Which of the following is the hardest mineral? A) Quartz B) Diamond C) Talc D) Gypsum
Q: Which of the following statements isfalse? A) The majority of surface rocks are igneous. B) The study of rocks is called petrology. C) Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. D) Rocks are composed of one or more minerals.
Q: Hardness is a comparative property that refers to the ability of a mineral to resist A) fracturing. B) cleaving. C) scratching. D) crushing.
Q: The fundamental unit of the silicon-oxygen minerals is in the shape of a A) cone. B) tetrahedron. C) cube. D) sphere.
Q: The two elements silicon and oxygen, taken together, make up about what percent of Earth's crust by mass? A) 25% B) 64% C) 50% D) 75%
Q: One main type of feldspar that contains potassium is A) quartz. B) orthoclase. C) plagioclase. D) pyrite.
Q: The mineral that is most abundant in Earth's crust is A) quartz. B) feldspar. C) calcite. D) pyrite.
Q: The element that is the second most abundant in Earth's crust is A) oxygen. B) iron. C) nitrogen. D) silicon.
Q: The element that is most abundant in Earth's crust is A) silicon. B) iron. C) oxygen. D) nitrogen.
Q: Any naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline substance with a fairly definite chemical composition is called a(n) A) element. B) compound. C) rock. D) mineral.
Q: The study of minerals is called A) paleontology. B) geology. C) mineralogy. D) petrology.
Q: About what percent of Earth's surface is covered by land? A) 70% B) 10% C) 50% D) 30%
Q: The study of planet Earth is known as A) mineralogy. B) petrology. C) geology. D) paleontology.
Q: The Andes Mountains in South America are examples of ______________ mountains.
Q: The Cascade Mountains in the northwestern United States are examples of ______________ mountains.
Q: The Wasatch Mountains in Utah are examples of ______________ mountains.
Q: California's Sierra Nevada are examples of ______________ mountains.
Q: Wyoming's Grand Tetons are examples of ______________ mountains.
Q: Mountains characterized by folded rock strata are known as ______________ mountains.
Q: ______________ mountains are believed to have been built by normal faulting in which giant pieces of Earth's crust were tilted and uplifted.
Q: Strike-slip faulting takes place along the ______________ boundary of two plates.
Q: ______________ faulting occurs as the result of forces parallel to the fault plane.
Q: A(n) ______________ fault occurs as the result of expansive forces.
Q: A(n) ______________ fault occurs as the result of compressional forces.
Q: Folded rock layers that resemble a trough are called ______________.
Q: Folded rock layers that resemble an arch are called ______________.
Q: The rock on the underside of an inclined fault plane is called the footwall, and the rock on the upper sideis called the ______________.
Q: The rock on the upper side of an inclined fault plane is called the hanging wall, and the rock on the underside is called the ______________.
Q: The San Andreas fault lies on the boundary of the Pacific plate and the ____________ plate.
Q: Between the crust and the outer core lies the region called the ______________.
Q: A description of the severity of the damage caused by an earthquake is given by its ranking on the ______________ scale.
Q: The ______________ scale gives an absolute measure of the energy released by an earthquake.
Q: Because of the ______________ zones formed by S and P waves as they travel through Earth, the outer core is thought to be a viscous liquid.
Q: Tsunami is the correct term for what was formerly referred to as a(n) ______________ wave.
Q: The Japanese word tsunami means "______________ wave."
Q: The two general types of earthquake waves are ______________ waves and body waves.
Q: An earthquake of magnitude ______________ on the Richter scale is the smallest that can be felt by humans.
Q: Earthquake waves are monitored by an instrument called a(n) ______________.
Q: The part of the mantle located directly below the lithosphere is called the ______________.
Q: The sharply defined boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is called the ______________.
Q: S seismic waves can travel only through ______________ material.
Q: Secondary seismic waves travel ______________ (slower or faster?) than primary waves in solids.
Q: Transverse seismic body waves are known by the letter ______________.
Q: Longitudinal seismic body waves are known by the letter ______________.
Q: Seismic waves that travel through Earth are called ______________ waves.
Q: When an earthquake occurs, the point of initial energy release is called the earthquake's ______________.
Q: When an earthquake occurs, the location on Earth's surface above the point of initial energy release is called the earthquake's ______________.
Q: After a major earthquake, the rocks may continue to adjust to their new positions, causing additional vibrations called ______________.
Q: Earth's radius is about ______________ mi.
Q: Large fractures in Earth's surface that are associated with movement of lithospheric plates are called ______________.
Q: A(n) __________ is manifested by the vibrating and sometimes violent movement of Earth's surface.
Q: The place, or zone, where one plate descends under another plate and into the asthenosphere is called a(n) ______________ zone.
Q: The lithospheric plates are believed to be put into motion by the driving force of ______________ cells in the asthenosphere.
Q: One plate slides horizontally past another plate at the type of plate boundary called ______________.
Q: The type of plate boundary at which one plate collides with another and subduction occurs is called ______________.
Q: One plate pulls away from another and new ocean rock is formed at the type of plate boundary called ______________.
Q: The three types of plate boundaries are ______________, divergent, and transform boundaries.
Q: The three types of plate boundaries are convergent, ______________, and transform boundaries.
Q: The three types of plate boundaries are convergent, divergent, and ______________ boundaries.
Q: Geologists view the section of Earth called the ______________ as consisting of a number of close-fitting plates.
Q: The discovery of seafloor spreading led to acceptance of the theory of ______________.
Q: The lowest places on Earth's surface are called __________ trenches.
Q: Remanent magnetism refers to the magnetism of rocks that contain the mineral named ______________.
Q: Seafloor spreading occurs along ______________.
Q: Alfred Wegener postulated that the continents were once part of a single supercontinent that he called ______________.
Q: In 1960, ______________ proposed the concept of seafloor spreading.
Q: In the early 1900s, a scientist named ______________ revived the idea of continental drift.
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