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Physic
Q:
Figure S-2 If these are sound waves, which corresponds to the highest pitch?
1) Wave I
2) Wave II
3) Wave III
4) Wave IV
And which has the greatest wavelength?
5) Wave I
6) Wave II
7) Wave III
8) Wave IV
9) all have the same wavelength
Q:
Figure S-1 Which wave has the greatest period of oscillation?
1) Wave I
2) Wave II
3) Wave III
4) Wave IV
If the waves have the same frequency, which is going by with the greatest speed?
5) Wave I
6) Wave II
7) Wave III
8) Wave IV
9) all have the same speed
Q:
A vibrating tuning fork causes an identical fork nearby to vibrate. This is called
1) refraction.
2) resonance.
3) beats.
4) reverberation.
For this to occur, both forks must have the same (or multiple)
5) intensities.
6) amplitudes.
7) frequencies.
8) geometries.
9) all of these.
Q:
Pitch corresponds to
1) frequency,
2) noise,
3) loudness,
whereas amplitude corresponds to
4) frequency.
5) noise.
6) loudness.
Q:
Sound travels through the air in the form of
1) transverse waves,
2) longitudinal waves,
and radio signals travel through the air in the form of
3) transverse waves.
4) longitudinal waves.
Q:
On cold days your bedroom window may get wet on the inside. This is because
1) the air near the glass becomes saturated.
2) a change in phase from gas to liquid occurs.
3) H2O molecules release energy when they liquify on the glass.
4) fast-moving H2O molecules slow down and condense when they encounter the cold glass.
If the air in the room were colder than the air outside, then quite likely
5) the glass would be even wetter.
6) no wetness would occur.
7) the glass would be wet (or frosty) on the outside surface.
8) none of the above.
Q:
When steam condenses, the H2O
1) releases energy.
2) absorbs energy.
3) neither of these.
When water freezes, the H2O
4) releases energy.
5) absorbs energy.
6) neither of these.
Q:
Consider a sample of water at 6oC. If the temperature is slightly increased, the volume of water
1) increases.
2) decreases.
3) remains unchanged.
Suppose the water is cooled instead to 3oC. Then further cooling of it will cause its volume to
4) increase.
5) decrease.
6) remain unchanged.
Q:
When a metal plate with a hole in it is cooled, the size of the hole becomes
1) smaller,
2) larger,
3) remains the same size,
and when the plate is heated, the hole becomes
4) smaller.
5) larger.
6) remains the same size.
Q:
Figure H-1 When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes
1) smaller,
2) larger,
3) neither smaller nor larger,
which follows from the fact that
4) expansion takes place inward toward the center of the ring as well as outward.
5) expansion takes place in all directions.
6) the surrounding air and the iron expand at different rates.
Q:
In the process of evaporation
1) heavier atoms are most prone to leave the liquid,
2) there is a net gain in the number of atoms in the liquid,
3) energy is absorbed by the liquid,
4) all of these,
5) none of these,
and the average rate of molecular motion for the atoms remaining in the liquid
6) increases.
7) decreases.
8) remains unchanged.
Q:
Dew on the grass results from
1) fast-moving molecules.
2) evaporation.
3) open-structured water crystals.
4) the pressure of the atmosphere on water vapor.
5) the slowing down of fast-moving water molecules.
As dew forms on the grass, energy is
6) given to the grass by the water vapor.
7) given up by the grass to the water vapor.
Q:
When water freezes, the surrounding air is
1) cooled,
2) warmed,
3) unchanged,
and when ice melts, the surrounding air is
4) cooled.
5) warmed.
6) unchanged.
Q:
When a solid changes to a liquid and then to a gas, energy is
1) released,
2) absorbed,
and when gas changes to liquid and then to solid, energy is
3) released.
4) absorbed.
Q:
Provided that in each case heat input is the same, boiling takes place more quickly
1) at sea level.
2) in a valley.
3) in the mountains.
This is because
4) increased pressure on the surface of a liquid lowers its boiling point.
5) decreased pressure on the surface of a liquid lowers its boiling point.
6) water always boils quickest at sea level.
Q:
When a molecule collides with another that is approaching with greater momentum, its rebound speed
1) stays the same,
2) increases,
3) decreases,
and when a molecule collides with another that is receding, its rebound speed
4) stays the same.
5) increases.
6) decreases.
Q:
Evaporation of water from a tea kettle takes place
1) at the surface of the water,
2) at the bottom of the water,
3) throughout the water,
whereas boiling takes place
4) at the surface of the water.
5) at the bottom of the water.
6) throughout the water.
Q:
When air rapidly expands, its temperature will
1) decrease,
2) increase,
3) stay the same,
whereas when air is rapidly compressed, its temperature will
4) decrease.
5) increase.
6) stay the same.
Q:
When water at 4oC is heated, it expands. When water at 4oC is cooled, it
1) contracts,
2) expands,
3) neither contracts nor expands,
4) not enough information given,
which follows from the fact that
5) cooling decreases the kinetic energy of H2O molecules.
6) water has its greatest density at 4oC.
7) we do not know how the water is cooled.
Q:
Heat from the Sun gets to Earth by the process of
1) osmosis.
2) radiation.
3) molecular movement.
4) convection.
5) conduction.
When sunlight reaches Earth, it becomes
6) internal energy.
7) solar energy.
8) electromagnetic radiation.
Q:
Which of the following contracts the most when temperature is decreased?
1) iron
2) ice water
3) helium
4) All contract the same.
Which of the following contracts the most when temperature is increased?
5) iron
6) ice water
7) helium
8)All contract the same.
Q:
Which of the following expands most when temperature is decreased?
1) iron
2) ice water
3) helium
4)All expand the same.
Which of the following contracts most when temperature is decreased?
5) iron
6) ice water
7) helium
8) All contract the same.
Q:
Which of the following expands most when temperature is increased?
1) iron
2) ice water
3) helium
4) all expand the same
Which of the following expands most when temperature is decreased?
5) iron
6) ice water
7) helium
8) all expand the same
Q:
A container of hydrogen gas has the same temperature as a container of denser oxygen gas. The gas atoms having the greater average kinetic energy are the
1) hydrogen,
2) oxygen,
3) both the same,
while the gas atoms having the greater average velocity are the
4) hydrogen.
5) oxygen.
6) both the same.
Q:
The quantity that tells how warm or cold a body is with respect to some standard body is called
1) heat.
2) internal energy.
3) temperature.
4) molecular kinetic energy.
The internal energy that is transferred from one body to another because of a temperature difference is called
5) heat.
6) potential energy.
7) temperature.
8) molecular kinetic energy.
Q:
A gas and a plasma are similar in that they are both
1) fluids,
2) crystalline,
3) covalent,
4) in cohesively bound states,
while the principle difference between a gas and a plasma has to do with
5) atomic number.
6) density.
7) pressure.
8) electrical conduction.
Q:
When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density is
1) halved,
2) unchanged,
3) doubled,
4) quadrupled,
and neglecting any temperature changes we would find the gas pressure to be
5) halved.
6) unchanged.
7) doubled.
8) quadrupled.
Q:
When we drink through a straw, the liquid is actually
1) pulled up
2) sucked up
3) pushed up
by
4) atmospheric pressure.
5) reduced pressure in the straw.
6) surface tension.
7) capillarity.
Q:
An umbrella has a tendency to move upward when it is windy principally because
1) moving air over the curved surface produces reduced pressure against its top.
2) air moves up into the "bowl" and pushes upward with increased pressure.
3) buoyancy increases with increasing wind speed.
4) the umbrella is simply pushed upward by the wind.
This effect was first accurately described by
5) Galileo.
6) Newton.
7) Bernoulli.
8) Einstein.
9) Archimedes.
Q:
Which has a greater buoyant force?
1) a huge lead zeppelin
2) a small helium-filled balloon
3) both
4) neither
because
5) of its low density.
6) it occupies the greatest amount of space.
7) it occupies the least amount of space.
8) both have comparable densities.
Q:
If you are standing on the Moon and release a strong balloon filled with helium gas, the balloon will
1) rise.
2) fall.
3) neither rise nor fall.
This occurs because
4) helium gas is lighter than air.
5) the Moon does not have an atmosphere.
6) gravity is weaker on the Moon.
Q:
Figure M-6 It would be easier to pull the hemispheres apart
1) when they are at sea level
2) if submerged several meters in water
3) if high above the clouds
because
4) external pressure on the hemispheres is lessened.
5) water serves as a lubricant.
6) the atmosphere exerts a pressure of 105 N/m2 on both hemispheres.
Q:
Atmospheric pressure is 105 N/m2 at sea level. This means that
1) a column of air 1 square meter in cross section extending up to the top of the atmosphere weighs 105 N,
2) the weight of one cubic meter of air at sea level is about 105 N,
3) the density of air is 105 N/m3,
and the force of the atmosphere against a surface of one square meter is
4) somewhat less than 105 N.
5) about 105 N.
6) considerably more than 105 N.
Q:
Figure M-7 The maximum weight that can be held under the conditions illustrated is
1) 104 N.
2) 105 N.
3) 0 N.
4) need more information
It is interesting to note that in this case the piston actually is
5) pushed up by air.
6) pulled up by the vacuum.
Q:
The air in a closed room has1) mass,2) energy,3) weight,4) all of these,5) none of these,and the greater the rate of molecular motion in the air, the greater the6) temperature.7) molecular kinetic energy.8) air pressure.9) all of these.10)none of these.
Q:
If a battleship in a canal lock sinks, the water level in the canal will
1) rise.
2) fall.
3) remain unchanged.
In the submerged condition, the amount of water displaced is equal to the battleship's
4) weight.
5) volume.
6) density.
Q:
A boat in a small pool is loaded with a barrel full of water. If the water in the barrel is poured overboard, into the pool, the boat will
1) sink farther into the water,
2) ride higher in the water,
3) ride no higher or lower in the water,
and the water level at the side of the pool will
4) rise.
5) fall.
6) remain unchanged.
Q:
Part of a wreck from a ship weighs 500 N. It displaces 100 N of fluid. The buoyant force acting on it is
1) 100 N.
2) 250 N.
3) 500 N.
From this we can see that the buoyant force is equal to the
4) weight of the submerged object.
5) volume of fluid displaced.
6) difference between the weight of the object and the weight of fluid.
7) weight of fluid displaced.
Q:
A cubic meter of lead which weighs 105 N is submerged in water. The buoyant force acting on it is about1) the weight of a cubic meter of water, 104 N2) half the weight of lead, 1/2 x 105 N3) the weight of lead, 105 Nbecause4) the block loses half its apparent weight when suspended in water.5) the block displaces 105 N of water.6) the volume of water displaced is one cubic meter.
Q:
When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level will
1) rise.
2) fall.
3) remain the same.
If the ice cube contains many air bubbles, after melting the water level will
4) rise.
5) fall.
6) remain the same.
Q:
The principal difference between a gas and a plasma has to do with1) the kinds of elements involved,2) interatomic spacing,3) electrical conduction,4) fluid pressure,5) the proportion of antimatter,while the principal difference between a liquid and a gas has to do with6) the kinds of elements involved.7) interatomic spacing.8) electrical conduction.9) fluid pressure.10)the proportion of antimatter.
Q:
Matter in the plasma state is commonly found in
1) dry ice.
2) molten lava.
3) the flame of a high-temperature welding torch.
Compared to solids, liquids, and gases in the universe, plasma is the most
4) abundant.
5) rare.
6) there is no valid estimate at this time.
Q:
Figure M-5 When the bent wire is lowered in the water and then raised to the surface, a further attempt to raise it causes the spring to
1) stretch
2) contract
3) stay the same
due to water's
4) buoyant force.
5) surface tension.
6) capillarity.
Q:
When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level will
1) rise.
2) fall.
3) remain the same.
If the floating ice cube contains a chunk of iron, during melting the water level will
4) rise.
5) fall.
6) remain the same.
Q:
A 10-kg block has twice the density of water. Compared to 10 kg of water, its volume is
1) as much,
2) half as much,
3) twice as much,
and when suspended in water its mass will seem to be
4) 0 kg.
5) 3.33 kg.
6) 5 kg.
7) 10 kg.
8) none of these.
Q:
The density of a 57-kg (126-lb) person who can float in salt water but not in fresh water is about
1) 505 kg/m3 (32 lb/ft3)
2) 1010 kg/m3 (63 lb/ft3)
3) 2020 kg/m3 (126 lb/ft3)
4) 4040 kg/m3 (252 lb/ft3)
and has a volume of about
5) 1 ft3.
6) 2 ft3.
7) 3 ft3.
8) 4 ft3.
9) need more information
Q:
Compared to a ship floating in salt water, a ship floating in fresh water displaces
1) a greater weight of water,
2) a lesser weight of water,
3) the same weight of water,
and it also displaces
4) a greater volume of water.
5) a lesser volume of water.
6) the same volume of water.
Q:
A floating object displaces its own
1) volume,
2) weight,
3) density,
and a submerged object displaces its own
4) volume.
5) weight.
6) density.
Q:
A stone submerged in water displaces a volume of water
1) greater than volume of stone.
2) less than volume of stone.
3) equal to volume of stone.
If the stone were of low-enough density to be able to float, it would displace a volume of water
4) greater than its volume.
5) less than its volume.
6) equal to its volume.
Q:
Figure M-4 A certain force is required to keep a block of wood 1 m beneath the surface of water. The force required to keep it 2 m deep is
1) zero.
2) the same.
3) twice as much.
4) four times as much.
This is because
6) pressure increases with increased depth.
7) it displaces the same weight of water at any depth.
8) wood floats.
9) surface tension is not present beneath the surface.
Q:
Figure M-3 A rock is sinking to the bottom of the lake. The buoyant force is greater at point
1) A.
2) B.
3) C.
4) equal at all levels.
This follows from the fact that
5) pressure increases with depth.
6) the same weight of water is displaced at any depth.
7) the water is appreciably more compressed with increasing depth.
8) position B provides a moderate answer, between the extremes.
Q:
A boulder is thrown into a deep lake. As it sinks deeper and deeper in the water the buoyant force
1) increases.
2) decreases.
3) remains the same.
This is because the
4) pressure increases with greater depth.
5) pressure decreases with greater depth.
6) volume and weight of displaced water are the same at any depth.
Q:
Two identical buckets are filled to the brim, one with water and the other with alcohol. The liquid pressure at the bottom of the bucket of water is
1) less than the pressure at the bottom of the bucket of alcohol.
2) more than the pressure at the bottom of the bucket of alcohol.
3) equal to the pressure at the bottom of the bucket of alcohol.
This is because
4) both containers are of the same volume.
5) alcohol is less dense than water.
6) both containers are filled to the same depth.
Q:
Figure M-2 Two vases of different shapes each contain a goldfish. In the position shown, the fish that will feel the greatest pressure is
1) A
2) B
3) both experience the same
because
4) the weight of water is greater in vase B.
5) fish A is nearer to the bottom of the vase.
6) both fish are at the same depth.
Q:
Buoyant force is greater on a submerged
1) 1-kg block of lead.
2) 1-kg block of aluminum.
3) same on each
Because
4) the aluminum block is larger.
5) they both have the same weight.
Q:
Which man exerts greater pressure against the floor?
1) a 150-kg man lying on the floor
2) a 150-kg man standing on the floor
3) Both men exert the same pressure.
The reason is that
4) both men have the same weight.
5) the upright man's weight is distributed over a smaller area.
6) the man lying down has his weight equally distributed.
Q:
Figure M-1 Which of the two identical pyramids is exerting the most pressure on the floor?
1) A
2) B
3) both the same
The reason for this is that
4) they both have the same weight.
5) the heaviest part of the pyramid is closer to the floor.
6) the weight is distributed over a smaller area.
7) the weight is distributed over a larger area.
Q:
A long horizontal wooden beam supported at its ends sags when you sit in the middle. Due to bending, the top part of the beam is under
1) tension.
2) compression.
And the bottom of the beam is under
3) tension.
4) compression.
And the part of a beam where no tension or compression occurs
5) along the center of the beam.
6) along the neutral layer.
7) both of these
8) none of these
Q:
If the pencil you are holding were 10 times as long and 10 times as wide, its surface area would be multiplied by1) 102) 1003) 10004) 10,0005) none of theseand its volume would be multiplied by6) 10.7) 100.8) 1000.9) 10,000.10)none of these.
Q:
Consider the fictional case of the incredible shrinking man. If his height shrinks to one-tenth, his area shrinks to1) 1/10,2) 1/100,3) 1/1000,4) 1/10,000,5) none of these,and his weight would shrink to6) 1/10.7) 1/100.8) 1/1000.9) 1/10,000.10)none of these.
Q:
If an elephant grew in proportion to twice its normal height, then the area of its ears would be multiplied by
1) two
2) four
3) six
4) eight
and its total weight would be multiplied by
5) two.
6) four.
7) six.
8) eight.
Q:
If all potatoes are selling at the same price per kilogram, a housewife who plans to peel the potatoes would get more potato for her money if she bought
1) small potatoes.
2) medium potatoes.
3) large potatoes.
4) no difference.
This is because she
5) would get more potatoes per kilogram.
6) would get less potatoes per kilogram.
7) would get less peelings because of less surface area per pound.
8) buys weight, so any size per kilogram gives the same mass of potatoes.
Q:
Which eats more for its size (volume)?
1) a man
2) a mouse
3) an elephant
4) each eats approximately an amount of food in proportion to its size.
This is because
5) the smaller the animal is, the more radiating area it has proportional to its volume.
6) the larger the animal is, the more radiating area it has proportional to its volume.
7) neither of these has any bearing on the dietary behavior of living creatures.
Q:
Doubling the linear size of an object multiplies its area by
1) two,
2) four,
3) six,
4) eight,
and its volume and weight by
5) two.
6) four.
7) six.
8) eight.
Q:
The density of an average person is about
1) 480 kg/m3 (30 lb/ft3).
2) 960 kg/m3 (60 lb/ft3).
3) 1920 kg/m3 (120 lb/ft3).
4) 2400 kg/m3 (150 lb/ft3).
From this we can see that the volume of a 120-lb person is about
5) 1 ft3.
6) 2 ft3.
7) 3 ft3.
8) 4 ft3.
9) not enough information to estimate.
Q:
If we had the most powerful optical microscope in the world stacked on top of the next most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would
1) probably see atoms,
2) probably be able to photograph atoms even if we couldn't see them,
3) still not be able to see an atom,
because atoms are
4) invisible.
5) visible when illuminated with infrared light.
6) material particles which have mass and size.
7) smaller than the wavelengths of visible light.
Q:
What determines what element a configuration of protons, neutrons and electrons will be is
1) the number of protons,
2) the number of neutrons,
3) the mass of protons and neutrons,
and the principal variable that determines whether the atoms will form a solid, liquid, gaseous, or plasma phase is
4) atomic number.
5) atomic weight.
6) density.
7) temperature.
Q:
Which of these following statements about atoms is valid?
1) The atom is the smallest particle that exists.
2) There are thousands of kinds of atoms, accounting for the great variety of substances.
3) There are nearly 100 different kinds of atoms found in nature.
4) Atoms are small building blocks of nature, being so small they cannot be photographed.
The word molecule can be at least partly identified by the following statement:
5) The molecule is the smallest particle that exists.
6) The molecule is the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains the chemical properties of the substance from which it originates.
7) Combinations of molecules form atoms.
8) The chemical elements consist of 105 different molecules, a list that keeps growing.
Q:
The mass of matter is due mostly to its
1) protons
2) electrons
while the volume of matter is due mostly to its
3) protons.
4) electrons.
5) none of these
Q:
The atoms that make up a newborn baby were made
1) in the mother's womb,
2) from the food that the mother ate,
3) in the ancient stars,
While all atoms heavier than copper were manufactured by processes
4) photosynthesis.
5) atomic fabrication.
6) supernova explosions.
7) radioactivity.
8) none of these.
Q:
There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of
1) a large auditorium.
2) a large city.
3) North America.
4) the whole world.
If all the atoms exhaled by Isaac Newton in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, then we breathe about one of those atoms with each
5) single breath.
6) day of breathing.
7) month of breathing.
8) year of breathing.
9) none, for some people may inhale Newton's atoms occasionally while others may take years.
Q:
Escape speed from Earth is about
1) 8 km/s.
2) 11.2 km/s.
3) more than 11.2 km/s.
Interestingly, if a stone released at rest at the far edge of the solar system drops to Earth by virtue of only Earth gravity, it will strike Earth's surface with a speed of about
4) 8 m/s.
5) 10 km/s.
6) 11.2 km/s.
7) more than 11.2 km/s.
Q:
To drop a package to Earth from a satellite, project it
1) straight downward.
2) ahead at satellite speed.
3) behind at satellite speed.
With a speed of projection
4) less than satellite speed.
5) that matches satellite speed.
6) greater than satellite speed.
7) none of the above
Q:
An Earth satellite is in an elliptical orbit. The satellite travels faster when it is
A) nearest Earth
B) farthest from Earth
C) constant speed everywhere in orbit
and in close orbit travels faster when orbiting
4) the Moon.
5) Earth.
6) both about the same for the same altitudes.
Q:
Figure G-3A satellite follows an elliptical orbit about a planet as shown. The speed of the satellite is greatest when the satellite is in position1) A.2) B.3) C.4) D.5) same at all points in its orbit.At which position is there no component of force in the direction of the satellite's instantaneous velocity?6) A7) B8) C9) D10)A component of force exists in the direction of instantaneous velocity at every point along the orbital path.
Q:
The force of gravity acts on a satellite when it is in
1) circular orbit.
2) elliptical orbit.
3) both of these
4) neither of these
and does work on a satellite when it is in
5) circular orbit.
6) elliptical orbit.
7) both of these
8) neither of these
Q:
Earth satellites are typically more than 100 km high so as to be above Earth's
1) atmosphere,
2) gravitational field,
3) both the atmosphere and the gravitational field,
and if its path is circular at that altitude, then the satellite has a constant
4) speed.
5) acceleration.
6) radial distance from Earth.
7) all of these
8) none of the above
Q:
A satellite in an elliptical orbit travels at a
1) constant speed
2) variable speed
3) not enough information to say
because
4) the net force acting on it is zero.
5) of the component of gravitational force existing in its direction of motion.
6) it is characteristic of it to do so.
7) again, not enough information is given to say.
Q:
If a satellite travels at constant speed at all points in its orbit, then its path is
1) a circle.
2) an ellipse.
3) a parabola.
It travels at constant speed because
4) the net force acting on the satellite is zero.
5) it is characteristic for a satellite to travel at constant speed in this type of orbit.
6) gravitational force decreases with increasing distance.
7) there is no component of gravitational pull directed along the satellite's path.
8) of inertia.
Q:
When you throw a stone horizontally from the top of a cliff at 10 m/s, one second after leaving your hand its vertical distance below the top of the cliff is
1) 5 m.
2) 10 m.
3) 15 m.
And its speed at that instant is
4) 10 m/s.
5) about 14 m/s.
6) 15 m/s.
7) greater than 15 m/s.