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Physic
Q:
About what percentage of molecules in the air make up the atmosphere below a 6-kilometer altitude?
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%
E) more than 50%
Q:
Compared to the ocean, Earth's atmosphere is different in that
A) its density varies with depth.
B) it has a less-distinct surface.
C) molecules are more greatly spaced.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q:
Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space due to
A) their chaotic speeds.
B) their relatively low densities.
C) Earth gravitation.
D) cohesive forces.
Q:
The energy source responsible for molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere is
A) their own natural kinetic energy.
B) pressure caused by the weight of air.
C) atmospheric tides.
D) the Sun.
Q:
Most of the mass of material that makes up a plasma is
A) electrically neutral.
B) always positively charged.
C) always negatively charged.
Q:
When a gas is heated and becomes a plasma, its electric charge is usually
A) balanced.
B) negative.
C) positive.
D) non-existent.
E) none of these
Q:
Which of the following bodies is comprised mostly of plasma?
A) Earth
B) Moon
C) Sun
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q:
Plasmas are a central part of power generation in
A) MHD generators.
B) turbo generators.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
Glowing plasma is evident in the light from
A) a fluorescent lamp.
B) the aurora borealis (northern lights).
C) some TV screens.
D) all the above
E) none of the above
Q:
When a common fluorescent lamp is lit, the mercury vapor inside is actually in a
A) gaseous phase.
B) liquid phase.
C) plasma phase.
D) solid phase.
E) none of the above
Q:
Most of the matter in our galaxy is in the
A) solid phase.
B) liquid phase.
C) gaseous phase.
D) plasma phase.
E) none of the above
Q:
Which is an example of matter in a plasma phase?
A) dry ice
B) a torch flame
C) molten lava
D) liquid hydrogen
E) none of the above
Q:
The main difference between gases and plasmas has to do with
A) the kinds of elements involved.
B) interatomic spacing.
C) electrical conduction.
D) fluid pressure.
E) the proportion of matter to antimatter in the universe.
Q:
A plasma differs from a gas in that
A) its molecules are farther apart.
B) it is hotter than a gas.
C) it is electrically conducting.
D) its atoms are boosted to higher atomic numbers.
E) all of the above
Q:
Most of the matter in the universe is in the
A) solid phase.
B) liquid phase.
C) gaseous phase.
D) plasma phase.
E) none of the above
Q:
An umbrella tends to move upwards on a windy day principally because
A) trapped air under the umbrella, warms, and rises.
B) buoyancy increases with increasing wind speed.
C) air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface.
D) all of the above
Q:
When you blow air between a pair of closely-spaced Ping-Pong balls suspended by strings, the balls will swing
A) toward each other.
B) away from each other.
C) away from the air stream, but not necessarily toward or away from each other.
Q:
The Bernoulli effect causes fast-moving vans on the highway to be drawn together when
A) air speeds up in passing between them.
B) air between them stagnates.
C) they experience lift.
D) all of the above
Q:
The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and moving in
A) the same direction.
B) opposite directions.
C) either of these
Q:
A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of
A) crowded streamlines.
B) non-crowded streamlines.
C) onward-coming streamlines.
Q:
A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of
A) reduced air pressure on the ball.
B) increased air pressure on the ball.
C) non-crowded streamlines.
Q:
The tarp covering on a trailer or truck puffs upward for fast-moving vehicles, which illustrates
A) Pascal's principle.
B) Archimedes' principle.
C) the principle of continuity.
D) Bernoulli's principle.
Q:
Wind blowing over the top of a hill
A) increases atmospheric pressure there.
B) decreases atmospheric pressure there.
C) does not affect atmospheric pressure there.
Q:
When water is turned on in a shower, the shower curtain moves towards the water spray. This partly involves
A) capillary action.
B) surface tension.
C) pressure changes in moving fluids.
D) none of the above
Q:
According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of
A) velocity and cross section at another point.
B) velocity and pressure at another point.
C) a constraint factor.
D) none of the above
Q:
The principle of continuity states that for fluid flow to be continuous it must
A) speed up in narrow regions of flow.
B) slow down in wide regions of flow.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
Airplane flight best illustrates
A) Archimedes' principle.
B) Pascal's principle.
C) Bernoulli's principle.
D) Boyle's law.
Q:
As a fluid gains speed, its internal pressure
A) increases.
B) remains unchanged.
C) decreases.
Q:
An empty jar is pushed open-side downward into water so that trapped air cannot escape. As it is pushed deeper, the buoyant force on the jar
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) increases, then decreases.
D) decreases, then increases.
E) remains the same.
Q:
A car with closed windows makes a left hand turn. A helium-filled balloon in the car moves to the
A) right.
B) left.
C) front.
D) back.
E) none of the above
Q:
Release a ball inside a freely falling elevator and it falls directly in front of you instead of "falling to the floor," because you, ball, elevator, and enclosed air are in free fall. If you do the same with a helium-filled balloon, the balloon will
A) also remain in front of you.
B) press against the ceiling.
C) press against the floor.
D) slowly rise.
E) slowly fall.
Q:
A large block of wood and a smaller block of iron on weighing scales both register 1 ton. Taking buoyancy of air into account, which has the greater mass?
A) wood
B) iron
C) both have the same mass.
D) need more information
Q:
Assuming no change in temperature, as a freely expanding helium-filled balloon rises in the atmosphere, the buoyant force acting on it
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains nearly the same.
Q:
If you stand on a weighing scale and suddenly the atmosphere vanishes, taking buoyancy into account, the scale reading
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.
D) quickly reduces to zero.
Q:
Compared to the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-kilogram iron block, the buoyant force on a nearby 1-kilogram helium-filled balloon is
A) considerably less.
B) considerably more.
C) the same.
Q:
Compared with the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-liter helium-filled balloon, the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a nearby 1-liter solid iron block is
A) considerably less.
B) considerably more.
C) the same.
Q:
A helium-filled balloon released in the atmosphere will rise until
A) the pressure inside the balloon equals atmospheric pressure.
B) atmospheric pressure on the bottom and top of the balloon are equal.
C) the balloon and surrounding air have equal densities.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q:
An object in a vacuum has no
A) buoyant force.
B) mass.
C) weight.
D) temperature.
E) all of the above
Q:
A common 5-liter metal can will float in air if it is
A) evacuated of air.
B) filled with a very large amount of helium.
C) thrown high enough.
D) no way, unless the displaced air weighs more than the can and its contents!
Q:
As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere its
A) volume decreases.
B) density increases.
C) weight increases.
D) mass decreases.
E) none of the above
Q:
As a balloon high in the atmosphere descends, it undergoes a decrease in
A) volume.
B) density.
C) weight.
D) mass.
E) none of the above
Q:
As a high-altitude balloon rises higher into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in
A) volume.
B) density.
C) weight.
D) mass.
E) none of the above
Q:
Surface tension of liquids
A) increases when wetting agents are added.
B) decreases as the liquid temperature increases.
C) is about the same for all liquids.
D) results from a thin molecular membrane beneath the liquid surface.
E) keeps steel ships afloat.
Q:
A very lightweight horizontal loop of wire is suspended from a fine spring, lowered into water, and then raised to the surface. Any further attempt to raise it causes the spring to
A) stretch.
B) contract.
C) stay the same.
Q:
Surface tension is a direct result of
A) viscosity.
B) Archimedes' principle.
C) adhesive forces between molecules in a liquid or solid.
D) cohesive forces between molecules in a liquid.
Q:
When you place a stick in water and remove it, the stick is wet. If you instead place it in mercury the opposite occurs. The stick is dry. This is because adhesive forces are greater
A) between stick and water.
B) between the stick and mercury.
C) between the mercury and the water.
D) none of the above
Q:
A consequence of surface tension for water is
A) capillary action.
B) wet sand being firmer than dry sand.
C) the different tastes of hot and cold oily soup.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q:
The attraction between unlike substances is called
A) adhesion.
B) cohesion.
C) depends on the substances.
Q:
The attraction between like substances, stickiness, is called
A) adhesion.
B) cohesion.
C) depends on the substances.
Q:
A hydraulic press multiplies a force by 100, which is done at the expense of
A) energy, which is divided by 100.
B) the distance through which the force acts.
C) the time through which the force acts.
D) the mechanism providing the force.
E) none of the above
Q:
To multiply an applied force while using a simple hydraulic lift, your force should be applied to the
A) large-diameter piston.
B) small-diameter piston.
C) relative piston sizes don't matter.
Q:
In a hydraulic-press operation, it is impossible for the
A) output displacement to exceed the input displacement.
B) force output to exceed the force input.
C) energy output to exceed the energy input.
D) output piston's speed to exceed the input piston's speed.
E) none of the above
Q:
When you observe the applications of pistons in lifting operations you're seeing
A) Pascal's principle in action.
B) how energy can be increased.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
Pascal's principle applies to
A) liquids.
B) gases.
C) both of these
D) none of these
Q:
The pascal is a pressure unit equal to
A) 1 newton per square meter.
B) 1 kilogram per square meter.
C) 1 newton per square centimeter.
D) 1 kilogram per square centimeter.
Q:
A block of wood with a piece of iron tied to the top of it floats in a bucket of water. If the wood and iron are turned over so that the iron is submerged beneath the wood, the water level at the side of the bucket
A) rises.
B) falls.
C) remains the same.
Q:
If a weighted air-filled balloon sinks in deep water, it will
A) likely sink to an equilibrium level before reaching bottom.
B) likely burst if water pressure is great enough.
C) be acted on by a continuously decreasing buoyant force.
D) none of the above
Q:
If the part of an iceberg that extends above the water were suddenly removed, the
A) iceberg would sink.
B) buoyant force on the iceberg would decrease.
C) density of the iceberg would change.
D) pressure on the bottom of the iceberg would increase.
E) none of the above
Q:
If a battleship sinks in a canal lock, the water level in the lock will
A) rise.
B) fall.
C) remain unchanged.
Q:
When a load of wood is thrown overboard from a boat in a swimming pool, the pool level
A) rises.
B) falls.
C) remains unchanged.
Q:
When a barrel of water in a rowboat in a swimming pool is poured overboard, the pool level
A) rises.
B) falls.
C) remains unchanged.
Q:
When scrap iron in a boat is thrown overboard in a swimming pool, the pool level
A) rises.
B) falls.
C) remains unchanged.
Q:
A heavy iron ball is placed in an aluminum pie pan that floats in a bucket. The water level at the side of the bucket is marked. Then the ball is removed and allowed to sink in the bucket. The water line at the side of the bucket
A) goes down.
B) is the same.
C) rises.
Q:
When a large floating ice cube with unfrozen water inside melts, the water level in its container
A) goes down.
B) remains unchanged.
C) goes up.
Q:
A floating ice cube contains small pieces of iron. The water level after melting will
A) rise.
B) fall.
C) remain unchanged.
Q:
A large ice cube containing an iron railroad spike floats in a brim-full container of water. When the ice cube melts,
A) water spills over.
B) no change in water level occurs.
C) water level in the container drops.
Q:
An ice cube with large air bubbles in it floats in a brim-full container of water. When the ice cube melts,
A) water spills over.
B) no change in water level occurs.
C) water level in the container goes down.
Q:
An ice cube floating in a glass of water contains many air bubbles. When the ice melts, the water level will
A) rise.
B) fall.
C) remain unchanged.
Q:
When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level
A) rises.
B) falls.
C) remains the same.
Q:
A person floats higher in the dense water of the Dead Sea because
A) less volume of water is displaced.
B) more volume of water is displaced.
C) of a greater buoyant force.
Q:
When you float in fresh water, the buoyant force that acts on you is equal to your weight. When you float higher in the denser water of the Dead Sea, the buoyant force that acts on you is
A) greater than your weight.
B) less than your weight.
C) equal to your weight.
Q:
The amount of water displaced by a liter-sized block of ordinary wood floating in water is
A) less than 1 liter.
B) 1 liter.
C) more than 1 liter.
D) depends on the water density
E) none of the above
Q:
An important condition for operation of the Falkirk Wheel is that
A) water in each gondola have the same depth.
B) ships carried are more or less equal in weight.
C) no water spill when a ship enters a gondola.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q:
A key feature of the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is that opposite gondolas have the same weight when both are brim-full of water
A) and boats in each have about equal weights.
B) and at least one boat is in each gondola.
C) regardless of the weights of boats or no boats in each.
D) none of the above
Q:
The fact that the weight of a brim-full container of water is unchanged whether or not something floats in it is nicely employed in
A) hydraulic devices.
B) all floating devices.
C) Scotland's Falkirk Wheel.
D) none of the above
Q:
If you float a piece of wood in a container brim-full of water that rests on a weighing scale, some water will spill. Then the weight reading on the scale will
A) decrease.
B) remain unchanged.
C) increase.
Q:
If you float a piece of wood in a container half-full of water that rests on a weighing scale, the weight reading on the scale will
A) decrease.
B) remain unchanged.
C) increase.
Q:
Compared to an empty ship, the same ship loaded with Styrofoam will float
A) higher in the water.
B) lower in the water.
C) at the same level in the water.
Q:
A mountain that floats on the mantle indicates that the density of the mantle is
A) less than that of the mountain.
B) about the same as that of the mountain.
C) greater than that of the mountain.
D) none of the above
Q:
Two life preservers have identical volumes, one filled with Styrofoam and the other filled with sand. When the two life preservers are worn by swimmers, one swimmer floats with part of the preserver above water, and the other swimmer sinks. In this case the buoyant force is greater on the life preserver filled with
A) Styrofoam.
B) sand.
C) same for both