Q&A Hero

Q: A common argument mistake is a/an _____. A. Fallacy B. Induction C. Philosophy D. Deduction

Q: The claim that everyone is fundamentally selfish describes ____egoism. A. Cultural B. Ethical C. Psychological D. Sociological

Q: "Professor Hamish in the political science department says that something must be done about the oil crisis, but Professor Hamish hasn"t changed his shirt or combed his hair in three days, so he obviously doesn"t know what he's talking about" is an example of a/an _____fallacy. A. Ad Hominem B. Strawman C. Appeal to Inappropriate Authority D. Irrelevant Reason

Q: The view that morality depends upon culture is called ___relativism. A. Non-objective B. Cultural C. Moral D. Sociological

Q: "According to Wayne Gretzsky, Carmen is the most difficult opera to perform, therefore it must be a very difficult opera" is an example of a/an ____fallacy. A. Ad Hominem B. Strawman C. Appeal to Inappropriate Authority D. Irrelevant Reason

Q: The view that different cultures have different ethical norms is called ____relativism. A. Non-objective B. Cultural C. Moral D. Sociological

Q: "There has been a dramatic increase in petty crime recently, therefore we should reintroduce hanging as a form of execution" is an example of a/n _____fallacy. A. Ad Hominem B. Strawman C. Appeal to Inappropriate Authority D. Irrelevant Reason

Q: The view that all ethical systems are non-objective describes____. A. Egoism B. Relativism C. Theological volunteerism D. Socialism

Q: According to _____, "an unexamined life is not worth living." A. Socrates B. Russell C. Waller D. Wittgenstein

Q: According to Martin Luther King, God commandments are good because ____. A. They provide good moral guidance B. They come from God C. They are empirically grounded D. They are useful

Q: "It has rained everyday for the last two months, so it will probably rain again tomorrow" is an example of a/an _____ argument. A. Contingent B. Deductive C. Inductive D. Sound

Q: According to Divine Command Theory, God's commands are always morally ____. A. Charged B. Good C. Bad D. Ambiguous

Q: "All elephants are pink. Nellie is an elephant. Therefore, Nellie is pink" is an example of a/an ___ argument. A. Contingent B. Deductive C. Inductive D. Sound

Q: The view that ethics is dependent on God's will is called ____. A. Care ethics B. Egoism C. Theological volunteerism D. Relativism

Q: An argument is made up of ____. A. Premises B. Conclusions C. Both A & B D. Neither A nor B

Q: Mill critiqued Bentham's version of Utilitarianism as being too Hedonistic.

Q: The theory which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number is Deontology.

Q: The founder of Utilitarianism is Kant.

Q: Utilitarianism has seven major factors for measuring happiness.

Q: According to the Utilitarians, humans have two major regulators, pleasure and pain.

Q: Hume's ethics introduces the concept of Utility later employed in Utilitarianism.

Q: Kant's ethics are subjective in nature.

Q: "Act so as to treat humanity as an end and never as a means only" is the primary formulation of the Categorical Imperative.

Q: "Act as if the maxim of your action were by your will to become a universal law" is the primary formulation of the Categorical Imperative.

Q: A Hypothetical Imperative is only binding on those individuals included in the consequent.

Q: A Categorical Imperative is universally binding on everyone.

Q: According to Kant, feelings are not distinctly human.

Q: Kant felt that reason was unreliable.

Q: According to Hume, ethics must be grounded in reason.

Q: Kant credits Hume for awakening him from his "dogmatic slumber".

Q: The theory which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number is ____. A. Deontology B. Utilitarianism C. Hedonism D. Epicureanism

Q: _____is the founder of Utilitarianism. A. Bentham B. Kant C. Hume D. Mill

Q: Two major regulators, according to the Utilitarians, are _____. A. Pleasure and happiness B. Pain and misery C. Pleasure and pain D. Ethics and morality

Q: Kant's ethics are referred to as _____ethics. A. Utilitarian B. Discourse C. Eudaimonistic D. Deontic

Q: The Categorical Imperative states: Act as if the maxim of your action were by your will to become a _____. A. Universal law B. Hypothetical law C. Conditional law D. National law

Q: A ____imperative is only binding on that part of the populous included in the antecedent. A. Categorical B. Hypothetical C. Rational D. Human

Q: A ____imperative is universally binding on everyone. A. Categorical B. Hypothetical C. Rational D. Human

Q: Which of the following does Kant indicate is not distinctly human? A. Power of reason B. Abstract reasoning from principles C. Feelings D. Both A and B

Q: Kant felt that ____was unreliable and uncertain. A. Reason B. Sentiment C. Truth D. Love

Q: According to Hume, ethics must be grounded in ____. A. Reason B. Sentiment C. Truth D. Love

Q: Kant indicated that ____awoke him from his "dogmatic slumber." A. Leibniz B. Spinoza C. Descartes D. Hume

Q: Role responsibility means to be responsible for managing one's own life.

Q: To say that one is causally responsible for an act is to judge that punishment or reward is warranted.

Q: Moral responsibility and causal responsibility are identical.

Q: Most libertarians emphasize the feeling of free will.

Q: According to Sartre, to live in bad faith is to deny one's freedom.

Q: According to Sartre, the only thing man did not choose was his own existence.

Q: Existentialists limit the area in which free will operates.

Q: "Existence precedes essence" is the credo of Existentialism.

Q: Existentialism was created by Pico.

Q: According to Campbell, our power of free will is a creative power which comes into play when our desires conflict with morality.

Q: Chisholm sees free will as a gift from God.

Q: Pico sees no constraints upon human freedom at all.

Q: Libertarians believe there is at least some place free of determinism in which free will might thrive.

Q: To say one is ____responsible for an act is to judge that punishment or reward is warranted. A. Causally B. Legally C. Morally D. Quasi

Q: _____places reliance on personal introspective observation. A. Pico B. Campbell C. Sartre D. Nagel

Q: To deny one's freedom is to live in _____. A. Ignorance B. Bliss C. Good faith D. Bad faith

Q: According to Sartre, the only thing man did not choose was _____. A. His essence B. To be born C. His identity D. To study philosophy

Q: Existentialism was a term created to describe ____'s philosophy. A. Pico B. Nagel C. Sartre D. Campbell

Q: "Existence precedes essence" is the credo of the ____movement. A. Existentialist B. Libertarian C. Pragmatic D. Structuralist

Q: According to ____, our power of free will is a creative power which comes into play when our desires conflict with morality. A. Pico B. Nagel C. Dennett D. Campbell

Q: According to ___, libertarian free will implies that there are no constraints on freedom whatsoever. A. Pico B. Nagel C. Chisholm D. Dennett

Q: According to ____, free will was a gift granted from God. A. Pico B. Sartre C. Dennett D. Nagel

Q: ____believes there is at least some space free of determinism in which free will might thrive. A. Cynics B. Libertarians C. Conservatives D. Draconians

Q: William James argues against the existence of free will

Q: Both Leibniz and Wolf are Rationalist Compatibilists.

Q: According to Rationalist Compatibilists, one must have the capacity to reason correctly in order to have free will.

Q: Ronald Dworkin is a hierarchical compatibilist.

Q: An Hierarchical Compatibilist is the same as a soft determinist.

Q: According to Hume, determinism is essential for free will.

Q: Luther and Calvin were Compatibilists.

Q: Soft determinism is also known as Compatibilism.

Q: All atomists were hard determinists.

Q: Schopenhauer was a soft determinist.

Q: Hard determinists insist that humans do not even feel as if they are acting freely.

Q: Hard determinists state that determinism is true and incompatible with free will.

Q: Which philosopher was not a Rationalist Compatibilist? A. Leibniz B. Malebranche C. Frankfurt D. Wolf

Q: Which philosopher is an Hierarchical Compatibilist? A. Spinoza B. Dworkin C. Leibniz D. Hume

Q: On the ___view, one acts freely if one can act as one wishes. A. Hierarchical Compatibilist B. Rationalist Compatibilist C. Hard Determinist D. Soft Determinist

Q: Hume states that freedom is ____. A. Doing what you are told B. An illusion C. Doing what you want D. Another word for nothing left to lose