Q&A Hero

Q: The ________ serves as the primary agent for enculturation. A) teacher B) media C) religions institution D) family E) educational institution

Q: Towels, exercise clothes, water, and portable music players are ________ for going to the gym. A) symbols B) customs C) ritual artifacts D) beliefs E) values

Q: Cards, presents, cakes, and candles are ________ for birthday rituals. A) artifacts B) values C) beliefs D) symbols E) cultures

Q: From a marketing standpoint, ________ is/are important since that is often what the marketers sell. A) result of the ritualistic behavior on society B) outcome of the ritual C) consistency of the ritual over time D) artifacts that are associated with the performance of the ritual E) the pervasiveness of the ritual in the society

Q: A ________ is a type of symbolic activity consisting of a series of steps occurring in a fixed sequence and repeated over time. A) communication B) ritual C) symbol D) culture E) target

Q: Stores where clothes are sold and the items' prices are ________ of their quality. A) rituals B) customs C) artifacts D) slang E) symbols

Q: Price and channels of distribution are significant ________ of the marketer and the marketer's product. A) verbal communications B) rituals C) cultures D) symbols E) enculturations

Q: The Nike Swoosh is an example of a(n) ________. A) nonverbal symbol B) acculturation output C) verbal symbol D) technical learning output E) enculturation output

Q: A ________ is anything that represents something else. A) belief B) custom C) symbol D) more E) value

Q: Which of the following is a way that marketers transmit information that allows consumers to express shared cultural values? A) magazines B) virtual communities C) blogs D) Tweets E) all of the above

Q: The enculturation process consists of teaching children and young adults consumption-related values and skills like ________. A) the meaning of money and value B) how to judge product quality C) styles and preferences D) product usage E) all of the above

Q: When marketers plan to sell their products in foreign or multinational markets, they must go through a process of ________ in order to ensure that their products and marketing messages are suitable for the foreign culture. A) acculturation B) exculturation C) proculturation D) inculcation E) enculturation

Q: The learning of a new or foreign culture is known as ________. A) acculturation B) exculturation C) proculturation D) inculcation E) enculturation

Q: The learning of one's own culture is known as ________. A) acculturation B) exculturation C) proculturation D) inculcation E) enculturation

Q: ________ happens when teachers instruct children, in educational environments, about what should be done, how it should be done, and why it should be done, in social as well as personal settings. A) Formal learning B) Media learning C) Informal learning D) Televised learning E) Technical learning

Q: Carla learned how to go about shopping for a new car when her father specifically sat her down and told her what to look for at dealerships and how to negotiate the best price. This constitutes ________. A) formal learning B) media learning C) informal learning D) televised learning E) technical learning

Q: Jake learned what brands of food to buy at the grocery store by going grocery shopping with his mother as a child, watching her, and imitating her. This constitutes ________. A) formal learning B) media learning C) informal learning D) televised learning E) technical learning

Q: Whereas ________ takes place when parents, older siblings, and family members teach younger members how to behave, ________ takes place when children imitate the behaviors of others like family, friends, or TV and movie heroes and characters. A) informal learning; technical learning B) technical learning; informal learning C) informal learning; formal learning D) formal learning; informal learning E) technical learning; formal learning

Q: Cultural beliefs, values, and customs continue to be followed as long as ________. A) we learn new ones from other cultures B) that culture exists C) they are similar to other cultures, beliefs, and values D) they yield satisfaction and other benefits E) a society's members speak a common language

Q: The preference of lower classes for goods with an external point of identification constitutes a cultural difference on the ________ level. A) supranational B) national C) individual D) reference E) group

Q: Insights on what is suitable to wear for a specific occasion, and other dress codes, are something we learn through ________. A) travel B) culture C) values D) technical learning E) consumer behavior

Q: Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The ________ level refers to shared core values, customs, personalities, and predispositional factors that tend to capture the essence of the character of the citizens of a particular country. A) supernational B) supranational C) subnational D) national E) group

Q: Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The ________ level reflects the underlying dimensions of culture that impact multiple cultures or different societies. A) supernational B) supranational C) subnational D) national E) group

Q: ________ offer(s) order, direction, and guidance for problem solving by providing tried and true methods of satisfying physiological, personal, and social needs. A) Beliefs B) Values C) Self-concept D) Culture E) Rationality

Q: The segment of global youth aged 14 to 24 that spreads word of mouth rapidly, values passion, individuality and instant gratification, and prefers personalized brands like Diesel and Adidas, is called ________. A) in-crowd B) pop mavericks C) networked intelligentsia D) thrill renegades E) pop rebels

Q: The segment of global youth aged 14 to 24 that acts as the hub of online social networks, focuses on revolution, creativity and deconstruction, and has members that prefer cult brands like Vespa and Vans, is called ________. A) in-crowd B) pop mavericks C) networked intelligentsia D) thrill renegades E) pop rebels

Q: In-crowd, pop mavericks, networked intelligentsia, and thrill renegades are examples of four segments developed based on a lifestyle matrix of global youth aged 14 to 24 at the ________ level. A) supranational B) national C) group D) reference group E) subcultural

Q: The ________ level of cultural norms reflects the underlying dimensions of culture that impact multiple societies. A) supranational B) national C) group D) reference group E) subcultural

Q: Kim is actively saving money so that she can afford a down payment on the purchase of a house because she thinks that home ownership is the key to creating wealth. This personal conviction in the value of home ownership is one of Kim's ________. A) beliefs B) rituals C) cultures D) norms E) customs

Q: ________ consist of the very large number of mental or verbal statements that reflect a person's particular knowledge and assessment of something. A) Beliefs B) Rituals C) Cultures D) Values E) Customs

Q: In terms of consumer behavior, ________ is defined as the sum total of learned beliefs, values, and customs that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of a particular society. A) conformity B) individualism C) culture D) society E) subculture

Q: ________ express(es) the collective principles, standards, and priorities of a community. A) Social class B) Cultural values C) Conformity D) Consumer behavior E) Subculture

Q: Given the broad and pervasive nature of ________, its study generally requires a detailed examination of the character of the total society. A) culture B) consumer behavior C) subculture D) social class E) individualism

Q: What is the difference between subjective and objective measures of social class? Explain how each is used.

Q: Differentiate between non-traditional families and non-family households. What are the implications of the difference between these two groups for marketers?

Q: How do the lower classes and upper classes differ in terms of saving, spending and credit?

Q: Identify the benefits and dangers of a single company marketing different brands to different social class segments. Give an example.

Q: Why do marketers target affluent households? If affluent households are such great targets, why not target them exclusively?

Q: What is social comparison theory? How might marketers use this theory in advertising?

Q: What are the stages of the traditional family life cycle? What happens at each stage?

Q: Identify and describe the three supportive roles a family plays in the socialization process and consumer behavior.

Q: Differentiate between the four parental styles and their respective attitudes towards advertising, consumption and yielding to children's buying requests.

Q: Why are mothers generally stronger consumer socialization agents than their husbands?

Q: The PRIZM "Accumulated Wealth" segment shies away from buying conspicuous luxury goods because they regard them as in poor taste/showing off money.

Q: The most sophisticated geodemographic segmentation is Nielsen's PRIZM, which combines sociodemographic and demographic factors with consumer buying and media exposure data to locate consumers with similar lifestyles and buying behaviors.

Q: Nouveau rich consumers believe "toys" that are bought to display wealth publicly (e.g. yachts) are vulgar.

Q: The choice of how many different social classes to use depends on the amount of detail that the researcher believes is necessary to explain adequately the attitudes or behavior under study.

Q: All affluent consumers share the same lifestyle.

Q: Although only a minority of U.S. households are considered "affluent," these households account for the majority of household income in the United States.

Q: There is a strong positive relationship between health and economic status.

Q: Age and religion are especially important as a means of locating concentrations of consumers with specific social-class membership.

Q: Social-class membership serves consumers as a framework or reference for the development of their attitudes and behavior and provides a natural basis for market segmentation for many products and services.

Q: Conspicuous possessions serve as markers or indicators of one's own status and the status of others.

Q: Individuals with more purchasing power or a greater ability to make purchases have more status.

Q: According to social comparison theory, individuals normally compare their own material possessions with those owned by others in order to determine their relative social standing.

Q: Families in the parenthood stage are an important market for luxury goods, new automobiles, expensive furniture, and vacations to faraway places.

Q: Increases in the divorce rate and the number of out-of-wedlock births, and the decline in the number of extended families has resulted in an increase in the percentage of families that progress through the traditional family life cycle.

Q: Over the past several decades, as a result of families having fewer children, there has been a trend toward children playing a more active role in the family decision-making process.

Q: Husband-wife decision making appears to be independent of cultural influences.

Q: The relative influence of a husband and wife on a particular consumer decision depends in part on the product or service category.

Q: Socialization begins in early childhood and culminates in early adulthood.

Q: Most adolescents and teens prefer to look to their parents and older siblings in the development of consumer behavior norms.

Q: The four parental styles are classified across two dimensions: permissive vs. restrictive and very nurturing vs. non-nurturing.

Q: The Stoic socialization-related attitude is characterized as a mother who has the highest income and education, is rational, teaches her children to shop and spend responsibly, and resents the influence of the media on her children.

Q: Fathers are stronger consumer socialization agents than their wives.

Q: Structured activities for children, along with constantly being surrounded by mass media and online social networks, provide children with lots of time to explore their creativity.

Q: All households are families.

Q: The family commonly provides the opportunity for product exposure and trial and imparts consumption values to its members.

Q: SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union. He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan. In the SMITH MINI CASE, Nathan roots for the Lions because his dad did. This is an example of ________. A) subjective measurement B) geodemographic clustering C) intergenerational transfer D) syncratic decision making E) status consumption

Q: SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union. He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan. In the SMITH MINI CASE, which of the following is most likely to describe Nathan? A) Nathan uses his credit card as a convenient substitute for cash. B) Nathan perceives himself to be empowered in the sense that he can achieve whatever he sets his mind to. C) Nathan saves money primarily in the interest of safety and security. D) Nathan is likely to attend the theater and concerts. E) Nathan prefers to spend his leisure time on cerebral activities, like reading or visiting museums.

Q: SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union. He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan. In the SMITH MINI CASE, Nathan is most likely to be a part of which of the following social classes? A) lower-upper class B) upper-middle class C) lower-middle class D) upper-lower class E) lower-lower class

Q: SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union. He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan. In the SMITH MINI CASE, Nathan is most likely considered to be in the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle. A) bachelorhood B) honeymooner C) parenthood D) postparenthood E) dissolution

Q: WATCH MINI CASE: Bob is interviewing for high-level managerial jobs in the Boston area. He decides that, in order to make himself more appealing for the job, he should wear expensive suits and carry expensive business accessories. To this end, he has decided to purchase an Icon watch, because Bob perceives that Icon watches are expensive and typically worn by people with high social status. In fact, Icon specifically targets its wristwatches to image-conscious business executives and has its best results focusing its marketing efforts on men between the ages of 35 and 50 living in affluent zip codes of New York City and its surrounding suburbs. In the WATCH MINI CASE, Icon's focus on men of a given age in specific zip codes is an example of ________. A) affluence targeting B) single-variable indexing C) geodemographic clustering D) autonomic decision making E) socialization

Q: WATCH MINI CASE: Bob is interviewing for high-level managerial jobs in the Boston area. He decides that, in order to make himself more appealing for the job, he should wear expensive suits and carry expensive business accessories. To this end, he has decided to purchase an Icon watch, because Bob perceives that Icon watches are expensive and typically worn by people with high social status. In fact, Icon specifically targets its wristwatches to image-conscious business executives and has its best results focusing its marketing efforts on men between the ages of 35 and 50 living in affluent zip codes of New York City and its surrounding suburbs. In the WATCH MINI CASE, Icon seems to be appealing to a target market of consumers seeking a wristwatch that provides ________. A) a sense of achievement B) a sense of power C) a sense of being well-educated D) a sense of status E) a sense of importance

Q: WATCH MINI CASE: Bob is interviewing for high-level managerial jobs in the Boston area. He decides that, in order to make himself more appealing for the job, he should wear expensive suits and carry expensive business accessories. To this end, he has decided to purchase an Icon watch, because Bob perceives that Icon watches are expensive and typically worn by people with high social status. In fact, Icon specifically targets its wristwatches to image-conscious business executives and has its best results focusing its marketing efforts on men between the ages of 35 and 50 living in affluent zip codes of New York City and its surrounding suburbs. In the WATCH MINI CASE, seeking a job with higher income and greater prestige, Bob is trying to exercise ________. A) downward mobility B) conspicuous consumption C) downward comparison D) power E) upward mobility

Q: Which PRIZM segment should marketers of very expensive vacations and conspicuous luxury goods study and/or target? A) Striving Singles B) Young Accumulators C) Accumulated Wealth D) Sustaining Seniors E) Cautious Couples

Q: The rationale for using ________ is that "birds of a feather flock together," or families of similar socioeconomics reside in the same neighborhoods or communities. A) sociodemographics B) social class C) social strata D) geodemographics E) ISC

Q: In an example of ________, many predict that today's youngest generation, the Eco Boomers, will experience lower living standards than their parents. A) upward mobility B) conspicuous consumption C) downward mobility D) symbolic consumption E) reverse stratification

Q: Which of the following is true of social class as it relates to saving, spending, and credit? A) Upper-class consumers tend to use their bank credit cards for installment purchases. B) Young professionals perceive themselves as being average and have a strong sense of uncertainty about the future. C) Lower-class consumers are more future oriented and confident of their financial acumen. D) Lower-class consumers tend to pay their credit card bills in full each month. E) Upper-class purchasers use their credit cards as a convenient substitute for cash and pay their credit card bills in full each month.

Q: Relative to working-class study participants, young professionals are more likely to perceive themselves as ________. A) average B) frustrated about their ability to finish things C) uncertain about the future D) undisciplined E) empowered in the sense that they could achieve whatever they set their minds to