Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Marketing
Q:
________ begins when a consumer perceives a need that might be satisfied by the purchase and consumption of a product.
A) Marketing mix
B) Prepurchase search
C) Need recognition
D) Evaluation of alternatives
E) Psychological field
Q:
When a product fails to perform satisfactorily, it triggers ________ need recognition.
A) hypothetical state
B) actual state
C) desired state
D) avoidance state
E) psychological state
Q:
Beth is tired of carrying around a cumbersome CD player and a heavy collection of CDs so she can listen to her music on-the-go, and so has decided to convert her CD music collection to MP3 and buy an iPod. This is an example of ________ need recognition.
A) hypothetical state
B) acquired state
C) desired state
D) avoidance state
E) psychological state
Q:
John has decided that he needs to switch cellular service providers because his cell phone doesn't work in his new apartment. Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, this is an example of ________ need recognition.
A) hypothetical state
B) actual state
C) desired state
D) avoidance state
E) psychological state
Q:
Chaz is tired of lugging around a digital camera on location site visits as he tries to identify potential retail properties, so he decides to buy a new cell phone with a high quality digital camera. The desire for the new camera was prompted by ________.
A) marketing mix
B) prepurchase search
C) need recognition
D) evaluation of alternatives
E) psychological field
Q:
Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, ________ is likely to occur when a consumer is faced with a "problem."
A) marketing mix
B) prepurchase search
C) need recognition
D) evaluation of alternatives
E) psychological field
Q:
Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, the ________ represents the internal influences that affect consumers' decision-making processes.
A) marketing mix
B) prepurchase search
C) decision
D) evaluation of alternatives
E) psychological field
Q:
The ________ component of the consumer decision-making model is concerned with how consumers make decisions.
A) process
B) output
C) decision
D) input
E) emotional
Q:
Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, the ________ includes the unwritten codes of conduct that indicate which consumption behavior should be considered "right" or "wrong."
A) marketing mix
B) output
C) decision
D) input
E) sociocultural influences
Q:
The consumer's experience with a product plays a major role in the ________ stage of the model of consumer decision making.
A) input
B) process
C) trial
D) output
E) decision
Q:
Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, a firm's ________ activities are a direct attempt to reach, inform, and persuade consumers to buy and use its products.
A) marketing mix
B) output
C) decision
D) input
E) sociocultural environment
Q:
Within the context of the model of consumer decision making, the marketing mix activities of organizations and non-marketing sociocultural influences are the chief ________ factors.
A) cognitive
B) output
C) decision
D) input
E) emotional
Q:
The ________ component of the consumer decision-making model draws on external influences as sources of information about a particular product that influence a consumer's product-related values, attitudes, and behavior.
A) marketing mix
B) output
C) decision
D) input
E) emotional
Q:
Comments of a friend, an editorial in the newspaper, and usage of a product by a family member are examples of ________.
A) policy factors
B) output factors
C) process factors
D) marketing inputs
E) sociocultural inputs
Q:
A product's package, guarantees, mass-media advertising for the product, direct marketing for the product, and the selection of distribution channels to move the product from the manufacturer to the consumer are examples of ________.
A) policy factors
B) output factors
C) process factors
D) marketing inputs
E) sociocultural inputs
Q:
A firm's marketing activities that attempt to reach, inform, and persuade consumers to buy and use its products are ________.
A) policy factors
B) output factors
C) process factors
D) marketing inputs
E) sociocultural inputs
Q:
Maria needs a new pair of jeans. She knows that pants from American Eagle, in size 10, tend to fit her very well in the waist and hips and are long enough, so she goes to American Eagle and picks up a pair. Maria's is a case of ________.
A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
In cases of ________, consumers have experience with the product category and a well-established set of criteria with which to evaluate the brands they are considering.
A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
Martin needs a new hybrid-electric car that can seat four people comfortably and has a trunk that will hold a set of golf clubs, but isn't sure which brand of hybrid-electric car would be best. Martin's is a case of ________.
A) habitual problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
In cases of ________, consumers have already established the basic criteria for evaluating the product category and the various brands in the category, but have not fully established preferences concerning a select group of brands.
A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
In cases of ________, the consumer needs a great deal of information to establish a set of criteria on which to judge specific brands and a correspondingly large amount of information concerning each of the brands to be considered.
A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
A consumer is most likely to use ________ when purchasing a new, updated version of something that he or she has purchased before, such as replacing an old laptop with a new one.
A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
A consumer is most likely to use ________ when buying an expensive, important, or technically complicated product or service for the first time.
A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
Of the three levels of consumer decision making, ________ requires the greatest effort on the part of the consumer.
A) extensive problem solving
B) economic problem solving
C) limited problem solving
D) passive problem solving
E) routinized response behavior
Q:
Extensive and limited problem solving, and routinized response behavior are three specific levels of ________.
A) conjunctive decision rules
B) economic problem solving
C) affect referral rules
D) gifting behavior
E) consumer decision making
Q:
The ________ model includes three components: input, process, and output.
A) consumer decision-making
B) routinized response
C) family branding
D) impulse purchase
E) consumer complexity
Q:
Purchasing Advil represents ________ because consumers have experience with over-the-counter pain relievers and do not need to establish the criteria for evaluating them.
A) impulse purchase behavior
B) partial problem solving
C) high involvement purchase behavior
D) routinized response behavior
E) extensive problem solving
Q:
Purchasing a diamond represents ________ because consumers buy diamonds infrequently and have no established criteria for evaluating them.
A) impulse purchase behavior
B) limited problem solving
C) habitual purchase behavior
D) routinized response behavior
E) extensive problem solving
Q:
A ________ is the selection of an option from two or more alternative choices.
A) mood
B) decision
C) gift
D) consumer model
E) Hobson's choice
Q:
In what ways is the traditional adoption process model inadequate in its depiction of the consumer adoption process?
Q:
Identify and give an example of what happens during each of the five stages of the adoption process.
Q:
Define and give examples of the five product characteristics that influence the diffusion of innovation.
Q:
What are the differences between continuous, dynamically continuous, and discontinuous innovation?
Q:
Differentiate between the types of gifting and provide an example of each.
Q:
Describe the lexicographic rule and provide an example of how it might be used in the context of an automobile purchase.
Q:
Consumers are frequently presented with incomplete information. Identify four strategies that consumers can adopt for coping with missing information.
Q:
Name five factors that are likely to increase prepurchase search with regards to a product or service.
Q:
What factors determine how extensive a consumer's problem-solving task is?
Q:
What are the three levels of consumer decision making? Briefly define each.
Q:
Ricky had a positive experience when she tried the new cell phone from a well-known cell phone manufacturer, so she decides to regularly use the new cell phone. She is currently in the adoption stage of the innovation adoption process.
Q:
One of the weaknesses of the innovation adoption process framework is it does not adequately provide for the possibility of evaluation and rejection of a new product or service after each stage.
Q:
Products that are used in private are diffused more easily than products that have a high degree of social visibility.
Q:
Technological fear includes fear of technical complexity, fear of rapid obsolescence, fear of social rejection, and fear of physical harm.
Q:
Airplanes, radios, TVs, automobiles, fax machines, PCs, videocassette recorders, and the Internet are all examples of dynamically continuous innovations.
Q:
The four elements of the diffusion of innovations process include: the innovation, the channels of communication, the social system, and time.
Q:
Diffusion of innovation is the macro process by which the acceptance of an innovation takes place among members of a social system over time.
Q:
Intrapersonal gifting is a state of mind where the giver and the receiver are the same individual.
Q:
Gifting behavior includes gifts we give because we want to and gifts we give out of obligation.
Q:
A gift given to a romantic other involves lower emotional expectation than a gift given to a friend.
Q:
When a single person gives a gift to a family as a thank you for letting him visit in their home for a week, it is an example of intercategory giving.
Q:
Negative disconfirmation of expectations involves the performance of a product exceeding the consumer's expectations, leading to consumer satisfaction.
Q:
Repeat purchase usually signifies that the product meets with the consumer's approval and that he or she is willing to use it again and in larger quantities.
Q:
Task complexity, information organization, and time constraint are the three major contextual factors in decision tasks.
Q:
Sue is looking for a new car. She had eliminated any car without comfortable seating for at least four people and that gets less than an average of 35 miles per gallon in fuel efficiency. Sue has used a lexicographic decision rule to narrow down her choices.
Q:
A unique feature of a compensatory decision rule is that it allows a positive evaluation of a brand on one attribute to balance out a negative evaluation on some other attribute.
Q:
It is essential that a product be part of a consumer's evoked set if it is to be considered at all.
Q:
The inert set consists of the small number of brands the consumer is familiar with, remembers, and finds acceptable.
Q:
In buying a truck, Bob will only consider American-made trucks because he believes foreign truck brands, such as Nissan and Toyota, are of inferior quality. Nissan and Toyota are items in Bob's inept set.
Q:
In low-risk situations, consumers are likely to engage in complex and extensive information search and evaluation.
Q:
Past experience is considered an external source of information. The greater the relevant past experience, the less internal information the consumer is likely to need to reach a decision.
Q:
When consumers have no established criteria for evaluating a product category, they engage in extensive problem solving.
Q:
All consumer decision-making situations require the same degree of information search.
Q:
The number of alternatives available when making a purchase decision does not affect the decision-making process.
Q:
A product like Advil is usually purchased using an extensive problem-solving decision-making process.
Q:
MP3 MINI CASE: Judy wants a new MP3 player so she can listen to music while she runs. She currently runs with a CD player, but is irritated with the frequency with which it skips and the limited amount of music that can be stored on a CD. After reviewing several consumer reviews on various tech websites, she identifies 5 different MP3 player models that might meet her needs. She decides that she needs at least 20 gigabytes of data storage on her player, and eliminates all options with fewer than 20 GB. There are now 3 models remaining. She then decides that she will only accept players with at least 15 hours of battery life. She is now considering only 2 players. Player A is heavier, but has a longer battery life. Player B is lighter, but has a shorter battery life. Judy chooses Player A because she believes that the longer battery life more than compensates for the additional weight.
In the MP3 MINI CASE, Judy selects Player A over Player B based on a(n) ________.
A) compensatory decision rule
B) affect referral decision rule
C) lexicographic decision rule
D) disjunctive decision rule
E) conjunctive decision rule
Q:
MP3 MINI CASE: Judy wants a new MP3 player so she can listen to music while she runs. She currently runs with a CD player, but is irritated with the frequency with which it skips and the limited amount of music that can be stored on a CD. After reviewing several consumer reviews on various tech websites, she identifies 5 different MP3 player models that might meet her needs. She decides that she needs at least 20 gigabytes of data storage on her player, and eliminates all options with fewer than 20 GB. There are now 3 models remaining. She then decides that she will only accept players with at least 15 hours of battery life. She is now considering only 2 players. Player A is heavier, but has a longer battery life. Player B is lighter, but has a shorter battery life. Judy chooses Player A because she believes that the longer battery life more than compensates for the additional weight.
In the MP3 MINI CASE, Judy narrows her options from 3 to 2 player models based on a(n) ________.
A) compensatory decision rule
B) affect referral decision rule
C) lexicographic decision rule
D) disjunctive decision rule
E) conjunctive decision rule
Q:
MP3 MINI CASE: Judy wants a new MP3 player so she can listen to music while she runs. She currently runs with a CD player, but is irritated with the frequency with which it skips and the limited amount of music that can be stored on a CD. After reviewing several consumer reviews on various tech websites, she identifies 5 different MP3 player models that might meet her needs. She decides that she needs at least 20 gigabytes of data storage on her player, and eliminates all options with fewer than 20 GB. There are now 3 models remaining. She then decides that she will only accept players with at least 15 hours of battery life. She is now considering only 2 players. Player A is heavier, but has a longer battery life. Player B is lighter, but has a shorter battery life. Judy chooses Player A because she believes that the longer battery life more than compensates for the additional weight.
In the MP3 MINI CASE, Judy narrows her options from 5 to 3 player models based on a(n) ________.
A) compensatory decision rule
B) affect referral decision rule
C) lexicographic decision rule
D) disjunctive decision rule
E) conjunctive decision rule
Q:
MP3 MINI CASE: Judy wants a new MP3 player so she can listen to music while she runs. She currently runs with a CD player, but is irritated with the frequency with which it skips and the limited amount of music that can be stored on a CD. After reviewing several consumer reviews on various tech websites, she identifies 5 different MP3 player models that might meet her needs. She decides that she needs at least 20 gigabytes of data storage on her player, and eliminates all options with fewer than 20 GB. There are now 3 models remaining. She then decides that she will only accept players with at least 15 hours of battery life. She is now considering only 2 players. Player A is heavier, but has a longer battery life. Player B is lighter, but has a shorter battery life. Judy chooses Player A because she believes that the longer battery life more than compensates for the additional weight.
In the MP3 MINI CASE, Judy's need recognition style makes her a(n) ________ type.
A) desired state
B) affective state
C) actual state
D) aspired state
E) deficiency state
Q:
MP3 MINI CASE: Judy wants a new MP3 player so she can listen to music while she runs. She currently runs with a CD player, but is irritated with the frequency with which it skips and the limited amount of music that can be stored on a CD. After reviewing several consumer reviews on various tech websites, she identifies 5 different MP3 player models that might meet her needs. She decides that she needs at least 20 gigabytes of data storage on her player, and eliminates all options with fewer than 20 GB. There are now 3 models remaining. She then decides that she will only accept players with at least 15 hours of battery life. She is now considering only 2 players. Player A is heavier, but has a longer battery life. Player B is lighter, but has a shorter battery life. Judy chooses Player A because she believes that the longer battery life more than compensates for the additional weight.
In the MP3 MINI CASE, the online consumer reviews that Judy reads before selecting a new MP3 player are part of the ________ component of the consumer decision-making model.
A) output
B) experience
C) input
D) trial
E) process
Q:
GIFT MINI CASE: Winston needs to buy his girlfriend, Vanessa, a gift for her birthday. He knows she will expect the "perfect" gift. He feels like boyfriends are "supposed" to get their girlfriends jewelry or perfume. His older sister recommends a necklace or earrings. While he's at the jewelry store, he also buys a watch for himself, rationalizing that he hardly ever buys stuff for himself and he "deserves it."
In the GIFT MINI CASE, Vanessa's high expectations of Winston are likely to prolong the ________ stage of the decision-making process.
A) need recognition
B) prepurchase search
C) postpurchase evaluation
D) permission marketing
E) relationship marketing
Q:
GIFT MINI CASE: Winston needs to buy his girlfriend, Vanessa, a gift for her birthday. He knows she will expect the "perfect" gift. He feels like boyfriends are "supposed" to get their girlfriends jewelry or perfume. His older sister recommends a necklace or earrings. While he's at the jewelry store, he also buys a watch for himself, rationalizing that he hardly ever buys stuff for himself and he "deserves it."
In the GIFT MINI CASE, when Winston buys a watch for himself as a self-gift, this is known as ________.
A) interpersonal gifting
B) intercategory gifting
C) intergroup gifting
D) intrapersonal gifting
E) intragroup gifting
Q:
GIFT MINI CASE: Winston needs to buy his girlfriend, Vanessa, a gift for her birthday. He knows she will expect the "perfect" gift. He feels like boyfriends are "supposed" to get their girlfriends jewelry or perfume. His older sister recommends a necklace or earrings. While he's at the jewelry store, he also buys a watch for himself, rationalizing that he hardly ever buys stuff for himself and he "deserves it."
In the GIFT MINI CASE, when Winston gives Vanessa a gift for her birthday, this is known as ________.
A) interpersonal gifting
B) intercategory gifting
C) intergroup gifting
D) intrapersonal gifting
E) intragroup gifting
Q:
COLLEGE MINI CASE: Evelyn is a high-school senior from Philadelphia looking to apply to colleges. She has decided to apply to the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, and Princeton. She chose not to apply to Brown, Dartmouth, or Yale because she considers them to be too far away from home. A college counselor had suggested to her that Columbia has a comparable reputation to the schools Evelyn was considering, but Evelyn didn't perceive Columbia as having any particular advantage over the schools to which she had already decided to apply. She is eventually accepted to, and decides to attend Cornell University. Upon arriving on campus, Evelyn immediately notices a deliberate effort on the part of the college to make new students not only feel at home, but that they have absolutely made the right decision in attending Cornell. In the COLLEGE MINI CASE, when Cornell tries to convince students that they have made the right decision, they are trying to encourage a positive ________.
A) need recognition
B) postpurchase evaluation
C) purchase behavior
D) evaluation of alternatives
E) prepurchase evaluation
Q:
COLLEGE MINI CASE: Evelyn is a high-school senior from Philadelphia looking to apply to colleges. She has decided to apply to the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, and Princeton. She chose not to apply to Brown, Dartmouth, or Yale because she considers them to be too far away from home. A college counselor had suggested to her that Columbia has a comparable reputation to the schools Evelyn was considering, but Evelyn didn't perceive Columbia as having any particular advantage over the schools to which she had already decided to apply. She is eventually accepted to, and decides to attend Cornell University. Upon arriving on campus, Evelyn immediately notices a deliberate effort on the part of the college to make new students not only feel at home, but that they have absolutely made the right decision in attending Cornell.In the COLLEGE MINI CASE, Columbia is part of Evelyn's ________.
A) inept set
B) affective set
C) cognitive set
D) inert set
E) evoked set
Q:
COLLEGE MINI CASE: Evelyn is a high-school senior from Philadelphia looking to apply to colleges. She has decided to apply to the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, and Princeton. She chose not to apply to Brown, Dartmouth, or Yale because she considers them to be too far away from home. A college counselor had suggested to her that Columbia has a comparable reputation to the schools Evelyn was considering, but Evelyn didn't perceive Columbia as having any particular advantage over the schools to which she had already decided to apply. She is eventually accepted to, and decides to attend Cornell University. Upon arriving on campus, Evelyn immediately notices a deliberate effort on the part of the college to make new students not only feel at home, but that they have absolutely made the right decision in attending Cornell. In the COLLEGE MINI CASE, Yale is part of Evelyn's ________.
A) inept set
B) affective set
C) cognitive set
D) inert set
E) evoked set
Q:
COLLEGE MINI CASE: Evelyn is a high-school senior from Philadelphia looking to apply to colleges. She has decided to apply to the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, and Princeton. She chose not to apply to Brown, Dartmouth, or Yale because she considers them to be too far away from home. A college counselor had suggested to her that Columbia has a comparable reputation to the schools Evelyn was considering, but Evelyn didn't perceive Columbia as having any particular advantage over the schools to which she had already decided to apply. She is eventually accepted to, and decides to attend Cornell University. Upon arriving on campus, Evelyn immediately notices a deliberate effort on the part of the college to make new students not only feel at home, but that they have absolutely made the right decision in attending Cornell. In the COLLEGE MINI CASE, Cornell is part of Evelyn's ________.
A) inept set
B) affective set
C) cognitive set
D) inert set
E) evoked set
Q:
COLLEGE MINI CASE: Evelyn is a high-school senior from Philadelphia looking to apply to colleges. She has decided to apply to the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, and Princeton. She chose not to apply to Brown, Dartmouth, or Yale because she considers them to be too far away from home. A college counselor had suggested to her that Columbia has a comparable reputation to the schools Evelyn was considering, but Evelyn didn't perceive Columbia as having any particular advantage over the schools to which she had already decided to apply. She is eventually accepted to, and decides to attend Cornell University. Upon arriving on campus, Evelyn immediately notices a deliberate effort on the part of the college to make new students not only feel at home, but that they have absolutely made the right decision in attending Cornell.In the COLLEGE MINI CASE, Evelyn's college counselor is a(n) ________ source of prepurchase information.
A) impersonal
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) inert
E) personal
Q:
During the ________ stage of the adoption process, the consumer undertakes a "mental trial" of the innovation.
A) awareness
B) trial
C) adoption
D) interest
E) evaluation
Q:
Many software companies allow customers to use limited versions of their software free for 30 days. This strategy tries to increase the diffusion of a new product through increasing ________.
A) relative advantage
B) compatibility
C) complexity
D) trialability
E) observability
Q:
________, the degree to which a new product is difficult to understand or use, is especially important when it comes to innovation in high-tech consumer products.
A) Relative advantage
B) Compatibility
C) Complexity
D) Trialability
E) Observability