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Q:
Kyra was so lost in her writing that she hardly realized it was way past her bedtime. Which of the following terms best describes Kyra's involvement with her writing?
a. Self-concordance
b. Flow
c. Trance
d. Contagion
e. Ennui
Q:
Extremely high emotional involvement in which a consumer is engrossed in an activity is referred to as _____.
a. trance
b. contagion
c. ennui
d. flow
e. self-concordance
Q:
Deep personal interest that evokes strongly felt feelings associated with some object or activity is known as _____ involvement.
a. situational
b. emotional
c. associative
d. momentary
e. shopping
Q:
Which of the following self-report measures asks respondents to rate feelings using a number of semantic differential items or bipolar opposites?
a. Likert scale
b. PANAS
c. Discan scale
d. PAD
e. Thurstone scale
Q:
Electronic products can be frustrating or satisfying for consumers. For example, a consumer may be highly satisfied with the applications available on his new smart phone, but becomes frustrated when he is unable to operate it with ease. If a consumer researcher wants to measure these positive and negative emotional reactions, then which of the following measures will be best suited for this purpose?
a. Cross-sectional survey
b. Bipolar scale
c. Longitudinal survey
d. PANAS
e. Likert scale
Q:
Which of the following is true of self-report measures?
a. It does not require a volitional response from a consumer.
b. It requires the attachment of a measuring device to a consumer.
c. Results obtained from self-report measures are not valid enough to be useful to consumer and marketing researchers.
d. It requires consumers to recall their affect state from a recent experience.
e. It is considered to be more obtrusive than autonomic measures.
Q:
Which of the following is true of autonomic measures?
a. It requires a volitional response from a consumer.
b. It has to be personally administered by a consumer.
c. It requires the attachment of a measuring device to a consumer.
d. It requires a consumer to recall their affect state from a recent experience.
e. Its outcomes have little validity in representing consumer emotions.
Q:
Which of the following ways of measuring emotions automatically records visceral reactions or neurological brain activity?
a. Autonomic measures
b. Self-report measures
c. Introspective measures
d. Administered measures
e. Standardized measures
Q:
Which of the following is true of how mood influences consumer behavior?
a. Consumers in bad moods tend to make decisions faster.
b. Consumers in bad moods tend to outspend their good-mood counterparts.
c. Consumers in bad moods tend to facilitate increased consumer satisfaction.
d. Consumers in bad moods tend to react better to service providers in bad moods.
e. Consumers in bad moods tend to be unaffected by environmental factors.
Q:
Robert has been closely associated with an organization that works for the protection of street dogs. When the organization signed up a celebrity with a history of animal cruelty as its brand ambassador, Robert felt sad. This is an example of _____ appraisal.
a. agency
b. outcome
c. anticipation
d. equity
e. retrospective
Q:
When Joanna finally got the dress that she had been waiting for, she was ecstatic as it turned out to be a perfect fit. This is an example of _____ appraisal.
a. anticipation
b. outcome
c. agency
d. equity
e. introspective
Q:
Which of the following types of cognitive appraisals considers how something turned out relative to one's goals and can evoke emotions like joyfulness, satisfaction, sadness, or pride?
a. Anticipation appraisal
b. Agency appraisal
c. Equity appraisal
d. Outcomes appraisal
e. Introspective appraisal
Q:
Andy recently went to his favorite restaurant for dinner. However, he found the service slow and tedious as all the waiters in the restaurant were busy serving a celebrity customer. Andy was angry that the celebrity customer got preferential treatment at the expense of other diners. This is an example of_____ appraisal.
a. anticipation
b. retrospective
c. equity
d. outcome
e. introspective
Q:
Which of the following types of cognitive appraisals reviews responsibility for events and can evoke emotions like gratefulness, frustration, or sadness?
a. Outcomes appraisal
b. Equity appraisal
c. Anticipation appraisal
d. Agency appraisal
e. Introspective appraisal
Q:
Sara is waiting for the results of a job interview she appeared for. She is anxious to know about the outcome and hopes that she will be selected for the job. This is an example of _____ appraisal.
a. anticipation
b. situational
c. agency
d. equity
e. retrospective
Q:
Which of the following types of cognitive appraisals focuses on the future and elicits emotions like hopefulness or anxiety?
a. Outcomes appraisal
b. Equity appraisal
c. Anticipation appraisal
d. Agency appraisal
e. Retrospection appraisal
Q:
Which of the following types of cognitive appraisals considers how fair some event is and can evoke emotions like warmth or anger?
a. Anticipation appraisal
b. Agency appraisal
c. Equity appraisal
d. Outcomes appraisal
e. Introspective appraisal
Q:
According to which of the following theories specific types of thoughts can serve as a basis for specific emotions?
a. Cognitive appraisal theory
b. Regulatory focus theory
c. Goal-setting theory
d. The social learning theory
e. The cognitive-affective theory
Q:
James likes learning about latest technologies and he is especially interested in smartphones. He finds it gratifying to learn more about new models in the market and changes his phone every few months. Which of the following is exemplified by James' involvement with phones?
a. Product involvement
b. Situational involvement
c. Monetary involvement
d. Momentary involvement
e. Contextual involvement
Q:
Susan has an extensive collection of dolls from all over the world. She has had an interest in them for as long as she can remember. Susan finds it personally gratifying whenever she acquires a new one for her collection. Which of the following types of involvement is exemplified by Susan's involvement with dolls?
a. Enduring involvement
b. Contextual involvement
c. Monetary involvement
d. Momentary involvement
e. Situational involvement
Q:
Jason is buying a new car. He does not really know much about automobiles and does not care to know much about them. However, due to the high price of the car, he gets involved in the shopping process by visiting show rooms, searching the Internet, and looking at other sources of information. Which type of involvement does this represent?
a. Enduring involvement
b. Unemotional involvement
c. Associative involvement
d. Situational involvement
e. Moderate involvement
Q:
Anne is extremely thrifty with her household expenses. Before buying anything, she makes sure that she is well-informed about all the best deals. This way Anne ensures that she gets more value from any purchasing activity. Which of the following types of consumer involvement is exemplified by Anne?
a. Shopping involvement
b. Momentary involvement
c. Associative involvement
d. Emotional involvement
e. Situational involvement
Q:
Henry considers himself a cheese connoisseur and subscribes to the Cheese Connoisseur magazine.He spends his weekends buying and trying out different kinds of cheese. Henry would be best described as a(n) _____.
a. whistle-blower
b. spokesperson
c. product enthusiast
d. idea champion
e. boundary spanner
Q:
Consumers with very high involvement in some product category are referred to as _____.
a. product enthusiasts
b. market mavens
c. product endorsers
d. product moderators
e. market movers
Q:
Which of the following types of customer involvement represents a continuing interest in some product or activity?
a. Enduring involvement
b. Contextual involvement
c. Situational involvement
d. Shopping involvement
e. Monetary involvement
Q:
As consumers get older, the value they receive from certain consumption activities often changes. For example, some older consumers do not have as much fun attending sporting events as they did when they were younger. In this case, consumers' age is an example of a _____ variable.
a. constant
b. dependent
c. moderating
d. situational
e. intervening
Q:
Which of the following types of variable changes the nature of a relationship between two other variables?
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Interactive variable
d. Moderating variable
e. Intervening variable
Q:
Harry spends his weekends visiting automobile stores and going for test drives. This gives him a high, though he admits that he is not necessarily looking for a specific car. Which of the following is most likely to account for Harry's weekend behavior?
a. Physiological motivation
b. Preventive motivation
c. Hedonic motivation
d. Homeostatic motivation
e. Utilitarian motivation
Q:
A drive to acquire products that consumers can use to accomplish things is known as _____ motivation.
a. utilitarian
b. preventive
c. self-improvement
d. promotional
e. accommodative
Q:
_____ motivation involves a drive to experience something personally gratifying.
a. Utilitarian
b. Preventive
c. Homeostatic
d. Physiological
e. Hedonic
Q:
Since _____ motivation helps a consumer maintain his or her state, it works much like homeostasis.
a. hedonic
b. utilitarian
c. promotional
d. self-improvement
e. end-state
Q:
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following represents the need to be recognized as a person of worth?
a. Esteem needs
b. Physiological needs
c. Self-actualization needs
d. The need for safety and security
e. The need for belongingness and love
Q:
Many upper-class Americans devote time and effort to ensure a sense of satisfaction and completion by doing things such as taking language classes, traveling, or volunteering at a local charity. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is addressed by this example?
a. Physiological need
b. Self-actualization need
c. The need for belongingness and love
d. The need for safety and security
e. Esteem need
Q:
Monica, a 25-year-old software engineer, works in a company as a business analyst. She saves 20 percent of her salary every month and invests it in a pension plan. According to her, this saving is important because it will help her live a comfortable life after retirement. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Monica is most concerned with:
a. the need for self-esteem.
b. physiological need.
c. the need for safety and security.
d. the need for self-actualization.
e. the need for belongingness and love.
Q:
Many people lost their homes and everything they owned during hurricane Katrina. While they realized the need for shelter, they also realized that they didn"t have any food or water. These were the needs that required to be addressed immediately. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs were these people most concerned about?
a. Self-actualization needs
b. Esteem needs
c. The need for belongingness and love
d. Physiological needs
e. The need for achievement
Q:
Susan, a single-parent, is very close to her friends and relatives and she feels the need to be connected with them. She visits her grandparents every week, as doing so makes her feel as a part of the extended family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Susan is most concerned with:
a. the need for self-actualization.
b. the need for self-esteem.
c. physiological need.
d. the need for safety and security.
e. the need for belongingness and love.
Q:
Which of the following orients consumers toward avoiding negative consequences?
a. Promotion focus
b. Prevention focus
c. Improvement focus
d. Hedonic focus
e. Assimilation focus
Q:
Jennifer wants to buy crockery for her house from Crystals, a brand that positions itself as "the ultimate choice in dining with royalty." In buying from Crystals, Jennifer is adopting a(n) _____ focus.
a. promotion
b. prevention
c. fixation
d. accommodation
e. assimilation
Q:
Whichof the following orientsconsumers toward the pursuit of their aspirations orideals?
a. Homeostatic focus
b. Assimilation focus
c. Utilitarian focus
d. Promotion focus
e. Prevention focus
Q:
Jennifer wants to buy Shine, a hand dishwashing brand that positions itself as a product that can help you avoid "grease and embarrassment" in front of guests. In buying Shine, Jennifer is adopting a(n) _____ focus.
a. promotion
b. prevention
c. fixation
d. accommodation
e. assimilation
Q:
Ed had been long thinking of exchanging his old car for a new convertible and so he recently bought himself a Volvo C70. Ed's purchasing activity is most likely driven by _____.
a. preventive motivation
b. physiological motivation
c. homeorhesis
d. homeostasis
e. self-improvement motivation
Q:
Which of the following types of motivations promotes behaviors that are aimed at changing one's current state to a level that is more idealnot simply maintaining the current state of existence?
a. Preventive motivation
b. Homeostatic motivation
c. Self-improvement motivation
d. Utilitarian motivation
e. Fixative motivation
Q:
When Janice went for a holiday in the Sahara, she made it a point to drink lots of water to keep herself hydrated. Which of the following types of motivations drove Janice to avoid dehydration?
a. Homeostasis
b. Apoptosis
c. Homeorhesis
d. Necrosis
e. Osmosis
Q:
The fact that the body naturally reacts in a way so as to maintain a constant, normal bloodstream is known as _____.
a. homeorhesis
b. osmosis
c. necrosis
d. apoptosis
e. homeostasis
Q:
Research shows that through a type of emotional contagion process, a product's value can actually decrease after a consumer sees the product handled by an attractive member of the opposite sex.
Q:
Consumers who perceive other consumers or employees surrounding them as either happy or sad may experience a corresponding change in actual happiness or sadness themselves.
Q:
Consumers experiencing negative self-conscious emotions have illusions of their actual needs resulting in misidentification of needs.
Q:
Aesthetic labor deals specifically with employees who most carefully manage their own personal appearance as a requisite to performing their job well, and fitting what managers see as the stereotype for their particular company's service.
Q:
When a nostalgic ad evokes or recaptures a childhood mood, consumers become lost in their memories and are distracted, so they become less willing to indulge in any kind of purchasing activity.
Q:
Nostalgia is characterized by a yearning for the past motivated by the belief that previous times were somehow more pleasant.
Q:
Marketing communications that present product information in a way that evokes mild levels of emotions will tend to be less effective in producing recall than communications that are affectively neutral.
Q:
Consumers are more likely to recall autobiographical memories characterized by specific moods when the same mood occurs again in the future.
Q:
Clever ads work best for common consumer products, whereas comedic ads are usually more appropriate for higher-end, luxury, or high-involvement products.
Q:
In a marketing context, salespeople with high emotional intelligence are more effective in closing sales with consumers than are salespeople with low emotional intelligence.
Q:
Consumers with low emotional intelligence (EI) are better able to manage their own emotions and exhibit self-control.
Q:
The consumer with relatively high emotional expressiveness is likely to react in some way to outcomes that are unexpected.
Q:
Jamie found the new book he bought interesting and was so lost in reading it that he forgot to have his dinner. Jamie has achieved a state of flow with the book.
Q:
Emotional involvement increases when the consumer receives something extra with products purchased.
Q:
Emotional involvement drives one to consume generally through relatively strong utilitarian motivations.
Q:
Personality characteristics can affect the way consumers respond or demonstrate their emotions.
Q:
According to the PAD approach, when consumers feel greater control, situational influences play a greater role in shaping their behavior.
Q:
Every PANAS item represents a good feeling.
Q:
PANAS measures of emotions include physiological responses such as sweating, heart rate, and brain imaging which can document activity in areas of the brain.
Q:
Self-report measures are less obtrusive than biological measures because they don"t involve physical contraptions.
Q:
One advantage of using autonomic measures to assess emotions is that they are less intrusive as compared to self-report measures because they don"t involve physical contraptions.
Q:
Autonomic measures of assessing emotional activity require a volitional response from the consumer.
Q:
Autonomic measures automatically record visceral reactions or neurological brain activity.
Q:
Mood-congruent judgments are evaluations in which the value of a target is judged in a way that is consistent with one's mood.
Q:
Consumers in bad moods tend to make decisions faster and to outspend their good-mood counterparts.
Q:
Consumers seem to be most receptive to an employee with a matching mood rather than to an employee who always has a positive mood.
Q:
Things that lower a consumer's mood make them less likely to trust market information.
Q:
Research shows that consumers who are in bad moods can be more likely to be generous to others.
Q:
Emotions are considered psychobiological because they involve both psychological processing and physical responses.
Q:
Emotions create visceral responses, meaning that certain feeling states are tied to behavior in a very direct way.
Q:
Situational involvement is associated with hedonic value because consuming a product for which a consumer has high enduring involvement is personally gratifying.
Q:
Hal is a computer enthusiast and knows a lot about desktops and laptops. He even fixes hardware and software problems for his friends. It can be said that Hal exhibits situational involvement with computers.
Q:
Situational involvement often comes about when consumers are shopping for something that they have little interest in but that comes with a relatively high price.
Q:
From a utilitarian value perspective, highly involved shoppers are less likely to react to price reductions as they are too involved in their lives to notice such things.
Q:
Consumers with very high involvement in some product category are called market mavens.
Q:
Enduring involvement is not temporary but rather represents a continuing interest in some product or activity.