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Marketing
Q:
CANZUS consumers are more likely to be physically close to each other during a conversation than are consumers from Italy.
Q:
Low-context cultures emphasize communication through nonverbal elements, while, high-context cultures emphasize the spoken word.
Q:
Nonverbal communication cues have universally accepted standard meanings that are independent of their cultural contexts.
Q:
International advertisements that make use of globish slogans place a premium on the correct use of grammar.
Q:
Scalar equivalence is necessary to compare average scores for consumer attitudes between cultures.
Q:
Metric equivalence is necessary to draw basic comparisons about consumers from different countries concerning important consumer relationships.
Q:
Translation"back translation is a way to try to produce translational equivalence.
Q:
When marketers promote their products in foreign markets, translation of advertisements alone is sufficient to guarantee effective communication with the consumers.
Q:
Consumers will face no difficulty in finding value in marketing messages even if they do not understand the language used in the advertisement.
Q:
The CSV profile of a culture can influence the effectiveness of cultural shaping.
Q:
An influx of nonnative media can influence the rate of acculturation.
Q:
Media acts as an agent of enculturation.
Q:
Ethnocentrism is highly related to the concept of uncertainty avoidance.
Q:
People who are highly ethnocentric believe that consumers should be more global in their purchasing activities and buy products from different countries.
Q:
A consumer with a strong ethnic identification is most likely to feel close-minded about adopting products from a different culture.
Q:
An acquired taste for flavors, considered "unpalatable" in some cultures, is made possible through habituation.
Q:
Learning results in core societal values that are relatively enduring.
Q:
Countries with relatively high cultural distance scores are more similar and tend to value the same types of consumption experiences.
Q:
Cultural distance represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their CSVs.
Q:
Renquing is the idea that when someone does a good deed for an individual, the individual is expected to return that good deed.
Q:
In societies with a high long-term orientation, consumers tend to be spendthrifts and indolent.
Q:
Long-term orientation prioritizes short-term benefits over long-term rewards.
Q:
Consumers from high-uncertainty-avoidance cultures demand greater amounts of product information and explanation.
Q:
The extent to which scarcity drives actual purchase intentions is more pronounced among cultures high in uncertainty avoidance.
Q:
In a nation low in uncertainty avoidance, the task of the marketer is to make the unfamiliar seem familiar.
Q:
In low-power-distance nations, marketing messages that make use of authority appeals are very effective in facilitating positive consumers' response.
Q:
Low-power-distance nations tend to be less egalitarian.
Q:
In high-power-distance nations, certain consumer behaviors are designated exclusively to individuals by class or status.
Q:
In the masculinity CSV dimension, femininity refers to the prominence of women in society specifically in the political domain.
Q:
Culver is a city in which men are as likely to be employed as nurses as women. Hence, Culver ranks high on the masculinityCSV dimension.
Q:
The masculinityCSV dimension tends to be more clearly visible within a feminine culture.
Q:
Jane lives in a place where an individual is primarily identified as belonging to a "particular family." Jane lives in a highly individualistic society.
Q:
The concept of core societal values (CSV) is based on the assumption that members of a culture tend to have different values and world views even though they belong to the same culture.
Q:
While tradition can be thought of as influencing culture, it can also be stated that, in the long run, culture also defines tradition.
Q:
Ecological factors cause differences in culture because they change the relative value of objects.
Q:
Role expectations define the types of products that are appropriate for a person within a role.
Q:
Role expectations are the primary basis for cultural norms and sanctions.
Q:
Consumption activities associated with a given role tend to be universal across cultures.
Q:
Popular culture captures cultural trends and shapes norms and sanctions within society.
Q:
Culture determines things that are socially rewarding or socially unrewarding.
Q:
Culture guides consumers in deciding the appropriate actions in various consumer situations.
Q:
Every consumption act has an absolute meaning.
Q:
An individual's consumption activity helps determine how accepted he or she is by the other consumers in the society.
Q:
Jane does not believe in spending on high-end brands. However, when she is out shopping with her colleagues who regularly splurge on luxury brands, she ends up buying expensive brands to impress them. Jane is most likely to score high on the _____ variable.
a. need for cognition
b. typical intellectual engagement
c. attention to social comparison information
d. openness to experience
e. need for self-actualization
Q:
Consumers who score high on the _____ variable are concerned about how other people react to their behavior.
a. need for cognition
b. typical intellectual engagement
c. attention to social comparison information
d. openness to experience
e. separateness-connectedness
Q:
Harriet just moved into a new neighborhood. She buys a new car and adopts a sense of fashion that will make her "fit in" with the rest in the neighborhood. The individual difference variable that Harriet is most likely to score high is _____.
a. need for cognition
b. typical intellectual engagement
c. openness to experience
d. susceptibility to interpersonal influence
e. need for self-actualization
Q:
Which of the following individual difference variable assesses the individual's need to enhance his or her image in terms of others by acquiring and using products, conforming to the expectations of others, and learning about products by observing others?
a. Need for cognition
b. Typical intellectual engagement
c. Separateness-connectedness
d. Openness to experience
e. Susceptibility to interpersonal influence
Q:
Abigail joined PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) as she strongly believes in the group's cause of helping animals. She even chose to become a vegetarian because of her belief in the group's vision for animal welfare. Which of the following types of group influence does PETA exert on Abigail?
a. Hedonic influence
b. Utilitarian influence
c. Informational influence
d. Value-expressive influence
e. Ego-defensive influence
Q:
The extent to which consumers join groups to express their own closely held beliefs is called _____ influence of groups.
a. utilitarian
b. normative social
c. hedonic
d. informational
e. value-expressive
Q:
Age Care, a non-profit organization that focuses on caring for the elderly, encourages its members to do as many good deeds as possible. At the end of each year, one individual will be voted as the "Age Care Member of the Year," and will win a free holiday for two. Which of the following types of group influence most likely motivates members of Age Care to do good deeds?
a. Informational influence
b. Utilitarian influence
c. Value-expressive influence
d. Coercive influence
e. Affective influence
Q:
Which of the following types of reference group influence occurs when consumers conform to group expectations to receive a reward or avoid punishment?
a. Hedonic influence
b. Utilitarian influence
c. Informational influence
d. Value-expressive influence
e. Affective influence
Q:
Sarah is a member of a book club. The members meet every Saturday for book reading sessions. All the members except Sarah, drink Coke as they read. During one such session, Sarah was offered a bottle of Coke by a member. Instead of refusing, she gladly accepted it and enjoyed the drink. Which type of reference group influence is most likely to account for Sarah's consumption of coke?
a. Normative influence
b. Informational influence
c. Coercive influence
d. Value-expressive influence
e. Utilitarian influence
Q:
Traffic Followers, a group promoting road safety, has a strict code of sanctioning members found flouting traffic rules. In some cases, nonconformity can result in expulsion from the group. This is an example of a group exercising _____ power over its members.
a. referent
b. expert
c. reward
d. coercive
e. abusive
Q:
Which of the following types of social power is based on a group's power to sanction group members for breaking rules or failing to follow expectations?
a. Reward power
b. Expert power
c. Coercive power
d. Referent power
e. Associative power
Q:
Every year The Sprinters' Club, a group for athletes, declares one of its members as the "most outstanding athlete of the year." The title is based solely on performance, and all members vie for it. The power of the club to bestow this title to one of its members is an example of _____ power.
a. referent
b. legitimate
c. expert
d. reward
e. coercive
Q:
The American Heart Association (AHA) is an organization that promotes cardiac care. It organizes various awareness programs for the public on ways to prevent cardiac ailments. Which of the following types of social power does AHA have in the domain of cardiac care?
a. Referent power
b. Legitimate power
c. Expert power
d. Reward power
e. Coercive power
Q:
The ability of a group or individual to influence a consumer due to the group's or individual's knowledge of, or experience with, a specific subject matter is known as _____ power.
a. referent
b. legitimate
c. expert
d. reward
e. coercive
Q:
Harold is the president of a local tennis club. Under Harold's insistence, the club members have to devote a requisite amount of time to practice as well as stick to a strict uniform code. Any form of nonconformity with rules is met with punishment. Which of the following types of social power does Harold exercise over the members of the club?
a. Referent power
b. Legitimate power
c. Expert power
d. Reward power
e. Evasive power
Q:
Which of the following types of social power gives an individual authority to sanction members or revoke membership of those who do not conform to group rules?
a. Referent power
b. Expert power
c. Value-expressive power
d. Persuasive power
e. Legitimate power
Q:
The Seminal Ballet Dancers is a group consisting of aspiring dancers. New members often mirror the attitudes and behavior of other members as doing so makes them fit in with the group. Which of the following types of social power is being illustrated in this scenario?
a. Referent power
b. Legitimate power
c. Expert power
d. Reward power
e. Coercive power
Q:
Which of the following types of social power motivates consumers to imitate the behaviors and attitudes of the group as a means of identifying with the group?
a. Referent power
b. Legitimate power
c. Coercive power
d. Reward power
e. Expert power
Q:
The pressure an individual feels to behave in accordance with group expectations is known as _____ pressure.
a. intrinsic
b. persuasive
c. consensual
d. nominal
e. peer
Q:
Which of the following occurs when an individual yields to the attitudes and behaviors of other consumers?
a. Conformity
b. Reliability
c. Credibility
d. Validity
e. Accountability
Q:
Derrick has always been an animal lover. He neither wants to be part of any meat-lovers club nor wants any form of association with groups that have a history of cruelty toward animals. In this scenario, Derrick associates such clubs as _____ groups.
a. tangential
b. aspirational
c. primary
d. dissociative
e. reference
Q:
A group to which a consumer does not want to belong is called a(n) _____ group.
a. primary
b. tangential
c. dissociative
d. aspirational
e. reference
Q:
Andy has always wanted to be a part of the college football team for as long as he can remember. He attends all the trials and works hard to maintain his athletic fitness. Being a part of the team appeals to Andy's _____ self.
a. actual
b. extended
c. ideal
d. social
e. real
Q:
Aspirational group membership often appeals to the consumer's _____ self.
a. actual
b. social
c. extended
d. real
e. ideal
Q:
Richard, a tennis player, has dreams of winning all four Grand Slam titles so that he can be a member of the exclusive club of players with a Career Grand Slam. This is an example of a(n) _____ group.
a. primary
b. aspirational
c. associative
d. dissociative
e. informal
Q:
A group in which a consumer desires to become a member is called a(n) _____ group.
a. abstained
b. tangential
c. aspirational
d. dissociative
e. evading
Q:
Kelly goes for a walk every morning in the park near her apartment. She is acquainted with the other people who also walk in the park at the same time. She greets them whenever they meet and sometimes goes for an impromptu breakfast with them. This group is an example of a(n) _____ group.
a. professional
b. coercive
c. informal
d. utilitarian
e. dissociative
Q:
A(n) _____ group refers to a group that has no membership or application requirements, and codes of conduct may be nonexistent.
a. informal
b. professional
c. legitimate
d. structured
e. dissociative
Q:
Pi Sigma Epsilon (PSE) is a professional marketing fraternity that has an official initiation ceremony for all its new members. The national association has a Chapter Efficiency Index outlining the activities the chapter members are expected to do. PSE is an example of a(n) _____ group.
a. primary
b. task
c. transitory
d. focus
e. formal
Q:
A brand community is an example of a(n) _____.
a. primary group
b. secondary group
c. task group
d. action group
e. outgroup
Q:
Members of The Harley Owners Group come together for members-only rides and other events. This is an example of a(n) _____ community.
a. ethnic
b. brand
c. contractual
d. geographic
e. professional
Q:
The measure of the strength of connection between members in a group is known as social _____.
a. tie
b. flow
c. graph
d. exchange
e. contract
Q:
When Sylvia completed high school and started applying to various colleges, she kept Michigan State University at the top of her priority list as her parents wanted her to attend college there. This scenario illustrates the influence of a(n) _____ on Sylvia's choice.
a. focus group
b. tertiary group
c. outgroup
d. primary group
e. secondary group
Q:
A group that includes members who have frequent, direct contact with one another is known as a(n) _____.
a. focus group
b. primary group
c. secondary group
d. task group
e. outgroup
Q:
Stacy had signed up her daughters for Brownie Girl Scouts few months back. Since then, she had noticed a positive attitudinal change in them. They are now much more disciplined and responsible. According to Stacy, this change has been brought about by the Girl Scouts group. The change in Stacy's daughters can be attributed to _____.
a. group influence
b. social couponing
c. group polarization
d. social stratification
e. social loafing
Q:
The ways in which group members have an impact on the attitudes, opinions, and behaviors of others within the group is known as group _____.
a. diffusion
b. stratification
c. stigmatization
d. couponing
e. influence
Q:
Consumer socialization is the process through which young consumers develop attitudes and learn skills that help them function in the marketplace.