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Marketing
Q:
Income is a recognizable determinant of social class.
Q:
Asian-Americans are scattered around the U.S. making it tough for marketers to effectively reach this customer group.
Q:
Relative to the other minority groups, the Hispanic culture is highly educated and highly affluent.
Q:
Bicultural consumers express higher ethnocentrism than their counterparts in the native country and thus are less open to products from their new country.
Q:
The term unicultural is used to describe immigrants as they face decisions and form preferences based on their old or new cultures.
Q:
The varying ethnicities of consumers in the U.S. have no effect on their consumption patterns.
Q:
Stigmatization means that the consumer is marked in some way that indicates their place in society.
Q:
Restaurateurs who serve markets with a heterogeneity of religious groups need to be well aware of the dietary restrictions and the sensitivity of these different groups to violations of the restrictions.
Q:
In the Islamic religion, the word kosher describes the dietary restrictions that prohibit meats that are not slaughtered in the prescribed manner.
Q:
According to the kosher diet, dairy products cannot be consumed simultaneously with meat.
Q:
The Jewish Federation implements tzedakah which enables the poor to access products they may not otherwise be able to access.
Q:
Generations provide a good basis for marketing segments because the consumer's age identifies their generation.
Q:
Generation Z represents young consumers born between 1995 and 2010.
Q:
The Millennials collectively are referred to as the "digital natives."
Q:
The Millennial generation has been referred to as the first "always connected" generation.
Q:
Generation X consumers were born between 1981 and 1995.
Q:
Generation X consumers have also been referred to as "latchkey" kids.
Q:
Marketers consider Baby Boomers an important segment because many Boomers have saved significant sums of money for retirement and plan to enjoy good times well into their elderly years.
Q:
The Baby Boomers were born in relatively poor and volatile economic times.
Q:
The silent generation consumers are largely characterized by lavish spending and extravagant lifestyles.
Q:
The Baby Boomers were born prior to 1928.
Q:
A cohort is a group of people who have lived the same major experiences in their life, and the experiences end up shaping their core values.
Q:
People who age in the same generation belong to the same cohort.
Q:
The term age-based microculturedescribes the finding that people of the same age develop similar consumer preferences.
Q:
Men tend to process information in a more piecemeal fashion than women.
Q:
Women are more likely to process information based on the way it is framed and on the categories it evokes.
Q:
Cognitive structuring is a term that refers to the reliance on schema-based heuristics in making decisions.
Q:
Men and women make consumer decisions identically.
Q:
The differences between societal expectations of men and women vary more in Western cultures than they do in Eastern cultures.
Q:
Sex roles refer to the societal expectations for men and women among members of a cultural group.
Q:
The "Borderland" region, according to the Nine Nations approach, covers the Northern U.S. states that share a border with Canada.
Q:
The nine nation approach in segmentation asserts the fact that consumer priorities remain consistent across regions.
Q:
Consumer groupings are ineffective when microcultures are involved.
Q:
Divergence refers to the phenomenon in which consumers choose membership in microcultures in an effort to stand out or define themselves from the crowd.
Q:
When a consumer faces a situation involving conflicting expectations based on cultural expectations, he or she is experiencing role conflict.
Q:
The role provides a signal as to the behaviors that one should perform to truly belong to the group.
Q:
All microcultures have identical and consistent role expectations for its members.
Q:
Culture explains the habits and idiosyncrasies of all groups of consumers.
Q:
The term subculture is often used to capture much the same idea as microculture.
Q:
A microculture is less significant in terms of its potential influence on consumer behavior.
Q:
A microculture is defined as a group of people who share similar values and tastes that are subsumed within a larger culture.
Q:
Define demographics. Discuss its importance with respect to microcultures.
Q:
Give some examples of street microcultures in different parts of the world.
Q:
Identify the major social classes that have been identified in the United States. What are the difficulties associated with considering class in consumer behavior?
Q:
Describe the six generational microcultures in the United States.
Q:
Compare and contrast age-based microcultures with generational microcultures. How is this distinction important to marketers?
Q:
Explain the role of microcultures in influencing consumer behavior. Describe two microcultures that influence your consumption behavior.
Q:
IMMIGRANT SCENARIOAnita, a second-generation-Asian immigrant, just started college. A self-assured girl, she displays none of the self-conscious traits one usually sees in her parents. Unlike Anita, her parents have had it tough with only enough money to make both ends meet. Till the time Anita was born, they could not afford to live in any of the respectable residential neighborhoods. Some of the neighborhood authorities make it mandatory for aspiring residents to submit details like age, ethnicity, sex, occupation, income, region, religion, and gender. Anita has always seen her parents juggle between two world-views whenever they had to make up their minds as they try to negotiate between a perceived sense of guilt for their native country and a perceived sense of loyalty for the host country. Despite their insistence that she joins an Asian community, Anita joined Delta, a sorority for geometry lovers. She has always been passionate about geometry and her membership to Delta, not only defines her on-campus personality, it makes her "˜cool" in front of her other peers. Refer to Immigrant Scenario. Some of the neighborhood authorities make it mandatory for aspiring residents to submit details like age, ethnicity, sex, occupation, income, region, religion, and gender. The neighborhood authorities are concerned with the _____ of the aspiring residents.a. orthographicsb. ethnographicsc. psychographicsd. demographicse. geographics
Q:
IMMIGRANT SCENARIOAnita, a second-generation-Asian immigrant, just started college. A self-assured girl, she displays none of the self-conscious traits one usually sees in her parents. Unlike Anita, her parents have had it tough with only enough money to make both ends meet. Till the time Anita was born, they could not afford to live in any of the respectable residential neighborhoods. Some of the neighborhood authorities make it mandatory for aspiring residents to submit details like age, ethnicity, sex, occupation, income, region, religion, and gender. Anita has always seen her parents juggle between two world-views whenever they had to make up their minds as they try to negotiate between a perceived sense of guilt for their native country and a perceived sense of loyalty for the host country. Despite their insistence that she joins an Asian community, Anita joined Delta, a sorority for geometry lovers. She has always been passionate about geometry and her membership to Delta, not only defines her on-campus personality, it makes her "˜cool" in front of her other peers. Refer to Immigrant Scenario. Unlike Anita, her parents have had it tough with only enough money to make both ends meet. Till the time Anita was born, they could not afford to live in any of the respectable residential neighborhoods. Such residences are affordable for certain groups in society, while they are unaffordable for certain others. This categorization of people as "those who can afford" and "those who cannot afford" can best be described as social _____.a. diversificationb. stigmatizationc. stratificationd. isolatione. assimilation
Q:
IMMIGRANT SCENARIOAnita, a second-generation-Asian immigrant, just started college. A self-assured girl, she displays none of the self-conscious traits one usually sees in her parents. Unlike Anita, her parents have had it tough with only enough money to make both ends meet. Till the time Anita was born, they could not afford to live in any of the respectable residential neighborhoods. Some of the neighborhood authorities make it mandatory for aspiring residents to submit details like age, ethnicity, sex, occupation, income, region, religion, and gender. Anita has always seen her parents juggle between two world-views whenever they had to make up their minds as they try to negotiate between a perceived sense of guilt for their native country and a perceived sense of loyalty for the host country. Despite their insistence that she joins an Asian community, Anita joined Delta, a sorority for geometry lovers. She has always been passionate about geometry and her membership to Delta, not only defines her on-campus personality, it makes her "˜cool" in front of her other peers. Refer to Immigrant Scenario. Anita has always seen her parents juggle between two world-views whenever they had to make up their minds, as they try to negotiate between a perceived sense of guilt for their native country and a perceived sense of loyalty for the host country. Which of the following terms best describes the negotiation that Anita's parents deal with?a. Intraculturalb. Integrationc. Enculturationd. Biculturale. Isolation
Q:
IMMIGRANT SCENARIOAnita, a second-generation-Asian immigrant, just started college. A self-assured girl, she displays none of the self-conscious traits one usually sees in her parents. Unlike Anita, her parents have had it tough with only enough money to make both ends meet. Till the time Anita was born, they could not afford to live in any of the respectable residential neighborhoods. Some of the neighborhood authorities make it mandatory for aspiring residents to submit details like age, ethnicity, sex, occupation, income, region, religion, and gender. Anita has always seen her parents juggle between two world-views whenever they had to make up their minds as they try to negotiate between a perceived sense of guilt for their native country and a perceived sense of loyalty for the host country. Despite their insistence that she joins an Asian community, Anita joined Delta, a sorority for geometry lovers. She has always been passionate about geometry and her membership to Delta, not only defines her on-campus personality, it makes her "˜cool" in front of her other peers. Refer to Immigrant Scenario. Anita joined Delta, a sorority for geometry lovers. She has always been passionate about geometry and her membership to Delta, not only defines her on-campus personality, it makes her "˜cool" in front of her other peers. Which of the following terms best describes Anita's decision to join Delta?a. Isolationb. Acculturationc. Emergenced. Divergencee. Resurgence
Q:
IMMIGRANT SCENARIOAnita, a second-generation-Asian immigrant, just started college. A self-assured girl, she displays none of the self-conscious traits one usually sees in her parents. Unlike Anita, her parents have had it tough with only enough money to make both ends meet. Till the time Anita was born, they could not afford to live in any of the respectable residential neighborhoods. Some of the neighborhood authorities make it mandatory for aspiring residents to submit details like age, ethnicity, sex, occupation, income, region, religion, and gender. Anita has always seen her parents juggle between two world-views whenever they had to make up their minds as they try to negotiate between a perceived sense of guilt for their native country and a perceived sense of loyalty for the host country. Despite their insistence that she joins an Asian community, Anita joined Delta, a sorority for geometry lovers. She has always been passionate about geometry and her membership to Delta, not only defines her on-campus personality, it makes her "˜cool" in front of her other peers.Refer to Immigrant Scenario. Anita joined Delta, a sorority for geometry lovers. Such sororities are an example of _____.a. macroculturesb. collective culturesc. universal culturesd. microculturese. mainstream cultures
Q:
BABY BOOMERS SCENARIOThe Baby Boomers represent a generational microculture that has lived the same defining moments in history such as post-war affluence and progress. A huge percentage of the Baby Boomers have reached retirement age, but according to a survey, most Americans between the ages of 50 and 55 want to move on to an "encore career" instead of retiring to a life of leisure like previous generations. Many of these encore careers combine income with social impact, meaning these individuals want to do something that can change the world. "Social sector" industry jobs, such as health care, educational services, nonprofits, performing arts, museums, and libraries, are expected to experience robust growth in the next decade, fitting nicely with the aspirations of the Baby Boomer generation. Some Baby Boomers want to get involved with social causes as a way to identify themselves as distinct from their predecessors. The fact that many of them are now pursuing encore careers would mean that they won"t have much time to spare in caring for their grandchildren. Their children might be upset because they expect their parents to help with child care just as their grandparents did for their parents. Many of these Baby Boomers have lesser number of grandchildren than earlier generations as most of their children either decide to have no kids or adopt a one-child policy. This makes it possible for their children to maintain a lifestyle similar to their parents even though most of them are not as affluent or well-off as their parents. Many firms that provide services for taking care of the elderly are aware of the spending power of this specific population. The firms are conducting research on the Baby Boomers to assess their needs based on attributes such as age, income, gender, and religion. Refer to Baby Boomers Scenario. Many of these Baby Boomers have lesser number of grandchildren than earlier generations, as most of their children either decide to have no kids or adopt a one-child policy. This makes it possible for their children to maintain a lifestyle similar to their parents even though most of them are not as well-off as their parents. Which of the following trends affecting consumer behavior is illustrated in this scenario?a. Declining birthratesb. Declining consumer affluencec. Increasing life expectancyd. Increasing populatione. Increasing cultural diversity
Q:
BABY BOOMERS SCENARIOThe Baby Boomers represent a generational microculture that has lived the same defining moments in history such as post-war affluence and progress. A huge percentage of the Baby Boomers have reached retirement age, but according to a survey, most Americans between the ages of 50 and 55 want to move on to an "encore career" instead of retiring to a life of leisure like previous generations. Many of these encore careers combine income with social impact, meaning these individuals want to do something that can change the world. "Social sector" industry jobs, such as health care, educational services, nonprofits, performing arts, museums, and libraries, are expected to experience robust growth in the next decade, fitting nicely with the aspirations of the Baby Boomer generation. Some Baby Boomers want to get involved with social causes as a way to identify themselves as distinct from their predecessors. The fact that many of them are now pursuing encore careers would mean that they won"t have much time to spare in caring for their grandchildren. Their children might be upset because they expect their parents to help with child care just as their grandparents did for their parents. Many of these Baby Boomers have lesser number of grandchildren than earlier generations as most of their children either decide to have no kids or adopt a one-child policy. This makes it possible for their children to maintain a lifestyle similar to their parents even though most of them are not as affluent or well-off as their parents. Many firms that provide services for taking care of the elderly are aware of the spending power of this specific population. The firms are conducting research on the Baby Boomers to assess their needs based on attributes such as age, income, gender, and religion. Refer to Baby Boomers Scenario. Many firms that provide services for taking care of the elderly are aware of the spending power of this specific population. The firms are conducting research on the Baby Boomers to assess their needs based on attributes such as age, income, gender, and religion. This is an example of a(n) _____ analysis.a. psychographicb. demographicc. geographicd. orthographice. ethnographic
Q:
BABY BOOMERS SCENARIOThe Baby Boomers represent a generational microculture that has lived the same defining moments in history such as post-war affluence and progress. A huge percentage of the Baby Boomers have reached retirement age, but according to a survey, most Americans between the ages of 50 and 55 want to move on to an "encore career" instead of retiring to a life of leisure like previous generations. Many of these encore careers combine income with social impact, meaning these individuals want to do something that can change the world. "Social sector" industry jobs, such as health care, educational services, nonprofits, performing arts, museums, and libraries, are expected to experience robust growth in the next decade, fitting nicely with the aspirations of the Baby Boomer generation. Some Baby Boomers want to get involved with social causes as a way to identify themselves as distinct from their predecessors. The fact that many of them are now pursuing encore careers would mean that they won"t have much time to spare in caring for their grandchildren. Their children might be upset because they expect their parents to help with child care just as their grandparents did for their parents. Many of these Baby Boomers have lesser number of grandchildren than earlier generations as most of their children either decide to have no kids or adopt a one-child policy. This makes it possible for their children to maintain a lifestyle similar to their parents even though most of them are not as affluent or well-off as their parents. Many firms that provide services for taking care of the elderly are aware of the spending power of this specific population. The firms are conducting research on the Baby Boomers to assess their needs based on attributes such as age, income, gender, and religion. Refer to Baby Boomers Scenario. Which of the following would best describe the Baby Boomers as a generational microculture that has lived the same defining moments in history such as post-war affluence and progress?a. Clubb. Classc. Cohortd. Networke. Order
Q:
BABY BOOMERS SCENARIOThe Baby Boomers represent a generational microculture that has lived the same defining moments in history such as post-war affluence and progress. A huge percentage of the Baby Boomers have reached retirement age, but according to a survey, most Americans between the ages of 50 and 55 want to move on to an "encore career" instead of retiring to a life of leisure like previous generations. Many of these encore careers combine income with social impact, meaning these individuals want to do something that can change the world. "Social sector" industry jobs, such as health care, educational services, nonprofits, performing arts, museums, and libraries, are expected to experience robust growth in the next decade, fitting nicely with the aspirations of the Baby Boomer generation. Some Baby Boomers want to get involved with social causes as a way to identify themselves as distinct from their predecessors. The fact that many of them are now pursuing encore careers would mean that they won"t have much time to spare in caring for their grandchildren. Their children might be upset because they expect their parents to help with child care just as their grandparents did for their parents. Many of these Baby Boomers have lesser number of grandchildren than earlier generations as most of their children either decide to have no kids or adopt a one-child policy. This makes it possible for their children to maintain a lifestyle similar to their parents even though most of them are not as affluent or well-off as their parents. Many firms that provide services for taking care of the elderly are aware of the spending power of this specific population. The firms are conducting research on the Baby Boomers to assess their needs based on attributes such as age, income, gender, and religion. Refer to Baby Boomers Scenario. Some Baby Boomers want to get involved with social causes as a way to identify themselves as distinct from their predecessors. For example, an individual might get involved in the National Literacy Campaign to help those who cannot read. Becoming a member of such groups as a way to assert one's identity is best described as _____.a. divergenceb. resurgencec. emergenced. assimilatione. stratification
Q:
BABY BOOMERS SCENARIOThe Baby Boomers represent a generational microculture that has lived the same defining moments in history such as post-war affluence and progress. A huge percentage of the Baby Boomers have reached retirement age, but according to a survey, most Americans between the ages of 50 and 55 want to move on to an "encore career" instead of retiring to a life of leisure like previous generations. Many of these encore careers combine income with social impact, meaning these individuals want to do something that can change the world. "Social sector" industry jobs, such as health care, educational services, nonprofits, performing arts, museums, and libraries, are expected to experience robust growth in the next decade, fitting nicely with the aspirations of the Baby Boomer generation. Some Baby Boomers want to get involved with social causes as a way to identify themselves as distinct from their predecessors. The fact that many of them are now pursuing encore careers would mean that they won"t have much time to spare in caring for their grandchildren. Their children might be upset because they expect their parents to help with child care just as their grandparents did for their parents. Many of these Baby Boomers have lesser number of grandchildren than earlier generations as most of their children either decide to have no kids or adopt a one-child policy. This makes it possible for their children to maintain a lifestyle similar to their parents even though most of them are not as affluent or well-off as their parents. Many firms that provide services for taking care of the elderly are aware of the spending power of this specific population. The firms are conducting research on the Baby Boomers to assess their needs based on attributes such as age, income, gender, and religion.Refer to Baby Boomers Scenario. The fact that many of the Baby Boomers are now pursuing encore careers would mean that they won"t have much time to spare in caring for their grandchildren. Their children might be upset because they expect their parents to help with child care just as their grandparents did for their parents. This situation involving conflicting expectations between parents and grandparents has the potential to create _____ for the grandparents.a. external conflictb. cognitive dissonancec. role conflictd. expectation divergencee. relational conflict
Q:
Businesses dealing with planned retirement communities have become profitable as the Baby Boomer population becomes older. Identify the trend affecting consumer behavior in this scenario.a. Declining birthratesb. Declining consumer affluencec. Increasing life expectancy and the aging consumerd. Increasing populatione. Increasing cultural diversity
Q:
Many young, working couples choose to have just one kid or none at all. These couples hardly have any responsibilities like saving up for children's education or securing children's future. This leaves them with more than enough money to spend on luxury goods. Most of them enjoy high spending power and splurge on a lot of luxurious goods. Which of the following trends is reflected in this scenario?
a. Declining birthrates
b. Declining consumer affluence
c. Increasing life expectancy
d. Increasing cultural diversity
e. Increasing population
Q:
Which of the following types of analysis develops a profile of a consumer group based on relatively tangible human characteristics such as age, ethnicity, sex, occupation, income, region, religion, and gender?
a. Demographic analysis
b. Ethnographic analysis
c. Orthographic analysis
d. Geographic analysis
e. Psychographic analysis
Q:
Which of the following is a geodemographic tool that assists consumer behavior analysis?
a. CPM
b. PRIZM
c. BLAST
d. LDRA
e. PERT
Q:
Wen, a consumer researcher, is conducting a research on the buying behavior of the Hispanics. As part of her study, she calculates a consumer's buying power by relating it to the consumer's income. The consumer attributes that Wen employs in her research can best be described as _____.
a. geographics
b. demographics
c. ethnographics
d. psychographics
e. orthographics
Q:
Which of the following is true about the microcultures around the world?
a. Microcultures consist of a group of people who have distinct values and tastes.
b. Unlike in the U.S., microculture membership does not affect the value of things in China.
c. Marketers need to ignore the effects of microculture as they are of no significance.
d. Street microcultures like sports and fashion exist around the world.
e. Microcultures are confined to the U.S.
Q:
World of Warcraft has a rather large number of dedicated players online. These gamers come from different ethnic, demographic, and geographic backgrounds, but they all share the same passion for the game. This microculture of gamers can be referred to as a(n) _____ microculture.
a. street
b. generational
c. regional
d. religious
e. age-based
Q:
The division of society into classes that have unequal access to scarce and valuable resources is known as social _____.
a. stigmatization
b. diversification
c. isolation
d. assimilation
e. stratification
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the social class microculture in the U.S.?
a. Every consumer in the social class will exhibit the exact same behaviors and opinions.
b. Consumers born into a social class have an achieved status.
c. Social class tends to be a better predictor of purchases that involve symbolic products.
d. All consumers in a social class will strive to move up the social ladder.
e. Consumers who work their way into a class have an ascribed status.
Q:
When Charles married Candace, everyone agreed that it was a match made in heaven. They were both doctors who grew up in the countryside with strong traditional values. Such marriages between people belonging to identical social classes are known as _____.
a. homogamy
b. monogamy
c. endogamy
d. exogamy
e. polygamy
Q:
In sociology, a marriage that is comprised of people from similar classes is referred to as _____.
a. polygamy
b. monogamy
c. exogamy
d. polyandry
e. homogamy
Q:
Ascribed status differs from achieved status in that ascribed status refers to:
a. consumers who do not aspire to move up the social ladder.
b. consumers who work their way into a class.
c. consumers who believe in conspicuous consumption to gain entry into a class.
d. consumers marked in some way that indicates their place in the society.
e. consumers born into a social class.
Q:
Miles, whose mother is a homemaker, was born into a traditional, middle-class family. Miles worked hard as a student and graduated from Harvard Law School. Today, he is considered as one among the elite of Manhattan. This description of Miles corresponds best with his _____ status.
a. ascribed
b. desired
c. aspired
d. achieved
e. ideal
Q:
The social class into which a consumer works his/her way into is referred to as his/her _____ status.
a. achieved
b. ideal
c. ascribed
d. desired
e. aspired
Q:
Everyone thinks that Rachel is a lucky girl as she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. She is the heir-apparent to one of the largest conglomerates in the world. This description of Rachel corresponds best with her _____ status.
a. achieved
b. ideal
c. desired
d. ascribed
e. aspired
Q:
The social class into which a consumer is born into is referred to as his/her _____ status.
a. achieved
b. ideal
c. ascribed
d. desired
e. aspired
Q:
Mental and cognitive structures through which individuals perceive the world based largely on their standing in a social class is referred to as _____.
a. habitus
b. conceptus
c. status
d. prospectus
e. stratum
Q:
A culturally defined group to which a consumer belongs based on resources like prestige, income, occupation, and education is known as a social _____.
a. cohort
b. norm
c. network
d. order
e. class
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the ethnic microculture in the United States?
a. Hispanics in the U.S. place a high value on social intimacy.
b. The largest ethnic group in the U.S. is the African-American group.
c. Asian-Americans are the least affluent compared to the other minority groups.
d. All Hispanic consumers have identical preferences and tastes.
e. Asian-Americans are the least educated compared to the other minority groups.
Q:
Which of the following ethnic groups is highly educated and highly affluent compared to the other minority groups?
a. Hispanics
b. African Americans
c. Asian Americans
d. Native Americans
e. Pacific Islanders
Q:
List the fundamental elements of verbal and nonverbal communication. Describe a recent interaction you had with another person and discuss the elements of verbal and nonverbal communication that took place.
Q:
How is culture learned? List the quartet of institutions responsible for communicating CSVs and discuss which one or ones had the greatest influence on your learning of your native culture and/or a new culture.
Q:
Define core societal values (CSV). Discuss any three described in the text.