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Marketing
Q:
Action-oriented shoppers who are emotionally aroused are far more likely to make additional purchases beyond what was planned than are state-oriented shoppers.
Q:
State-oriented consumers are affected less by emotions generated by a retail atmosphere than are action-oriented consumers.
Q:
Consumers with a high capacity to self-regulate their behavior are referred to as state-oriented.
Q:
Consumers with a low capacity to self-regulate are referred to as action-oriented.
Q:
Consumer self-regulation refers to the tendency for consumers to inhibit outside, or situational, influences from interfering with shopping intentions.
Q:
Consumers with attention deficit disorder typically have high degrees of impulsivity which makes them more prone to impulsive acts.
Q:
Feelings of dominance among action-oriented shoppers increase hedonic shopping value and decrease utilitarian shopping value.
Q:
Retail personality is the way a retail store is defined in the mind of a shopper based on the combination of functional and affective qualities.
Q:
Retailers specializing in things like a wide selection of goods, low prices, guarantees, and knowledgeable employees facilitate the task of shopping. This type of positioning emphasizes the functional quality of a retail store.
Q:
Hedonic shopping value represents the worth obtained because some shopping task or job is completed successfully.
Q:
Utilitarian shopping value represents the worth of an activity because the time spent doing the activity itself is personally gratifying.
Q:
Personal shopping value (PSV) is the overall subjective worth of a shopping activity considering all associated costs and benefits.
Q:
Outshopping is a term used to refer to consumers who are shopping in a city or town they must travel to rather than in their own hometown.
Q:
Epistemic activities include finding information on some imminent purchase.
Q:
Experiential shopping involves recreationally oriented activities designed to provide interest, excitement, relaxation, fun, or some other desired feeling.
Q:
Epistemic shopping includes activities oriented toward a specific, intended purchase or purchases.
Q:
Both marketing and shopping make purchase more likely, but one involves activities of marketing people and the other involves activities of shoppers.
Q:
Shopping is the set of potentially value-producing consumer activities that directly increase the likelihood that something will be purchased.
Q:
Buying advertising with a schedule that runs the advertisement primarily at times when customers will be most receptive to the message is called advertiming.
Q:
Circadian cycle refers to the rhythm of seasons that varies with the time of the year.
Q:
The challenge for those who sell seasonal products is to change the products according to changing seasons.
Q:
Very few products are susceptible to seasonal influence.
Q:
Seasonality refers to regularly occurring conditions that vary with the time of year.
Q:
Time pressure shapes the value consumers perceive in products by influencing both quality and price perceptions.
Q:
Time pressure tends to switch a consumer's orientation from utilitarian to hedonic.
Q:
Consumers experiencing time pressure are less likely to rely on simple choice heuristics than are those in less-tense situations.
Q:
Time pressure represents an urgency to act based on some real or self-imposed deadline.
Q:
The term temporal factor refers to situational characteristics related to time.
Q:
A consumer who is running short of time is more likely to process more product information than a consumer who is shopping leisurely.
Q:
In some ways, time is a consumer's only real resource because when we work, we convert time into economic resources.
Q:
Situational influences change the desirability of consuming things and therefore change the value of these things.
Q:
Situational influences are enduring characteristics of neither a particular consumer nor a product or brand.
Q:
Neer, a second-generation Asian immigrant, has had a close-knit upbringing. He is not as orthodox as his family and has adopted the American culture to some extent. He often has to deal with situations where he has to form preferences based on his Asian culture or American culture. Which of the following terms best describes Neer's situation?
a. Intracultural
b. Bicultural
c. Integration
d. Enculturation
e. Isolation
Q:
Which of the following terms is used to describe immigrants as they face decisions and form preferences based on their old or new cultures?
a. Divergence
b. Cohort
c. Conformity
d. Habitus
e. Bicultural
Q:
Which of the following is the largest ethnic group in the United States?
a. Hispanics
b. African Americans
c. Asian Americans
d. Native Americans
e. Native Hawaiians
Q:
Prisoners are often seen in public picking up trash along interstate highways. Other people can recognize these prisoners because of the green and white striped clothing they wear. This clothing is an example of _____ because it indicates that they are incarcerated individuals who have performed some illegal act in society.
a. stratification
b. enculturation
c. acculturation
d. stigmatization
e. assimilation
Q:
When a consumer is marked in some way that indicates their place in society, it is referred to as _____.
a. stigmatization
b. identification
c. acculturation
d. assimilation
e. stratification
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about Generation Z?
a. Their lives and values are shaped very much by World War II and their post-war experiences.
b. They are referred to as "latchkey" kids.
c. They tend to embody the "kids growing older, younger" concept.
d. They were born between 1981 and 1995.
e. They tend to be frugal and follow, largely, utilitarian motivations with their purchases.
Q:
Most young consumers who were born between 1995 and 2010 belong to _____.
a. Generation X
b. Baby Boomers
c. Millennials
d. Generation Y
e. Generation Z
Q:
Stana is a 24-year-old working woman. She is very technologically savvy and believes in staying connected with her friends online, at all times. She loves visiting coffee shops that provide WiFi accessibility. She does not own a car as she prefers to walk than drive. She owns a small apartment in an urban area. Stana belongs to the _____ group.
a. Baby Boomers
b. Generation X
c. Generation Z
d. Millennials
e. greatest generation
Q:
Which of the following is true of the Millennials?
a. They have estranged relations with their parents.
b. They are referred to as the first "always connected" generation.
c. They view technology as the cause for minimizing human interactions.
d. They are collectively referred to as "digital natives."
e. They prefer to live in rural settings than in urban settings.
Q:
Which of the following generational microcultures is also referred to as Generation Y?
a. Greatest generation
b. Silent generation
c. Baby Boomers
d. Millennials
e. Global generation
Q:
Which of the following generational microcultures is also referred to as the "latchkey" kids?
a. Greatest generation
b. Silent generation
c. Baby Boomers
d. Generation X
e. Millennials
Q:
Richard was born in 1976. His parents divorced when he was five years old. Since then he has been a cynicist, but now he is a strong believer of traditional family values. The generational microculture Richard belongs to is _____.
a. Generation X
b. Millennials
c. Baby Boomers
d. greatest generation
e. Generation Y
Q:
Consumers born between 1965 and 1980, long thought to be a group that was marked by alienation and cynicism, belong to the _____.
a. greatest generation
b. Baby Boomers
c. Millennials
d. Generation X
e. silent generation
Q:
Carl turned 55-years old in 2012. He retired early from his job as he had enough savings for a good life. Carl belongs to the _____ group.
a. greatest generation
b. silent generation
c. Generation X
d. Millennials
e. Baby Boomers
Q:
Americans born between 1946 and 1964, during a time in the United States that was marked by optimism and relative economic security, belong to the _____.
a. greatest generation
b. silent generation
c. Baby Boomers
d. Millennials
e. Generation X
Q:
Carla is a 75-year-old woman. Her life's choices have been influenced by her experiences of the Great Depression as well as World War II. She spends sparingly and buys only what is of practical use to her. Which of the following generational microcultures is Carla most likely to belong?
a. Baby Boomers
b. Silent generation
c. Generation X
d. Generation Z
e. Millennials
Q:
Americans born between 1928 and 1945 tend to be frugal and follow largely utilitarian motivations with their purchases. The generational microculture group illustrated here is the _____.
a. Baby Boomers
b. greatest generation
c. silent generation
d. Millennials
e. Generation X
Q:
Louis was born in 1920 and spent four years in the Navy during World War II. He doesn"t understand his grandchildren's spending habits because he was always thrifty. Which of the following generational microcultures is Louis most likely to belong?
a. Baby Boomers
b. Silent generation
c. Generation X
d. Millennials
e. Greatest generation
Q:
Americans who were born before 1928, and whose lives and values were shaped very much by World War II and post-war experiences, belong to the _____.
a. greatest generation
b. Baby Boomers
c. Generation X
d. Millennials
e. Generation Y
Q:
A group of students from different parts of the country started elementary school together. They graduated high school at a time when higher education costs made it very difficult for parents to finance college education. Most of them took loans to complete college. This experience made them financially responsible and they started saving up early in life. This collective group of individuals can best be described as belonging to the same _____.
a. tribe
b. cohort
c. legion
d. series
e. order
Q:
A group of people who have lived the same major experiences in their life with the experiences shaping their core values is referred to as a(n) _____.
a. cohort
b. series
c. tribe
d. legion
e. order
Q:
Majority of teenagers in developed nations are seen either browsing the Internet or listening to music on their smartphones or other electronic gadgets. It can be said that teenagers pretty much have the same preferences throughout the developed world. This phenomenon labeled as world teen culture is an example of a(n) _____ microculture.
a. generational
b. sex-role based
c. age-based
d. street
e. regional
Q:
Teenagers around the world are more similar to each other than to people from other generations in the same culture. This is an example of a(n) _____ microculture.
a. regional
b. age-based
c. sex-role based
d. generational
e. street
Q:
Eve is a brand of jeans named after a style journal for women. The brand conducted a survey recently and found out that men avoided buying Eve jeans as they associated the brand exclusively with women. Which of the following is illustrated through this scenario?
a. Cognitive dissonance
b. Cognitive distortion
c. Cognitive divergence
d. Cognitive structuring
e. Cognitive imaging
Q:
Most men hate shopping for clothes and use product price as an indicator for quality. Many believe expensive products as a guarantee for good quality. In making a buying decision based on price-quality heuristic, the consumer is making use of _____.
a. cognitive distortion
b. cognitive dissonance
c. cognitive imaging
d. cognitive divergence
e. cognitive structuring
Q:
The reliance on schema-based heuristics in making decisions is known as cognitive _____.
a. dissonance
b. distortion
c. structuring
d. divergence
e. imaging
Q:
The societal expectations for men and women among members of a cultural group are referred to as _____.
a. gender sanctions
b. gender identification
c. gender socialization
d. sex roles
e. sex ratios
Q:
Which of the following is true about gender differences in making consumer decisions?
a. Men tend to be more heuristic/intuitive in their processing.
b. Men tend to process information in a more piecemeal fashion.
c. Women tend to process information based on the way it is framed.
d. Women tend to process information based on the categories it evokes.
e. Men generally tend to make poorer consumer choices than women.
Q:
Traditional advertisements for cookware have always focused on appealing to women consumers. Such advertisements make use of consumer differences arising out of microcultures based on different _____.
a. sex roles
b. religions
c. regions
d. ethnicities
e. generations
Q:
Southerners are distinguished from others by their hospitality as well as their love for tradition. This is an example of difference based on _____ microcultures.
a. regional
b. sex-role based
c. age-based
d. religious
e. street
Q:
Chicago is famous for its mouth-watering hot dogs where the hot dog is either steamed or simmered in water. This hot dog is unlike any other found in the rest of the country. This is an example of culinary difference arising out of different _____ microcultures.
a. regional
b. sex-role
c. age-based
d. religious
e. generational
Q:
Greg is part of a fraternity whose members wear only Polo shirts to college. Greg and his friends have chosen to join it as they wanted to define themselves from other students on campus, and wearing a certain brand of clothing helps them achieve that. Which of the following phenomena best describes the students' decision to join a fraternity to define themselves?
a. Divergence
b. Enculturation
c. Resurgence
d. Acculturation
e. Assimilation
Q:
The phenomenon in which consumers often choose membership in microcultures in an effort to stand out or define themselves from the crowd is called _____.
a. resurgence
b. acculturation
c. divergence
d. enculturation
e. stratification
Q:
Randy and Cindy, a married couple who are professionals in the same field, were planning to attend a conference together. However, when their two-year-old daughter fell ill, Randy stayed home to take care of her, while Cindy attended the conference. When Cindy told fellow attendees why her husband could not make it for the conference, they were surprised that she was not the one who stayed back at home as she was the mother. Which of the following is Cindy most likely to have experienced due to the conflicting expectations between being a mother and being a professional?
a. Expectation divergence
b. Role conflict
c. Relational conflict
d. Cognitive dissonance
e. Structural conflict
Q:
When a consumer faces a situation involving conflicting expectations based on cultural expectations, he or she is said to be experiencing _____ conflict.
a. armed
b. relational
c. physical
d. structural
e. role
Q:
Rodeo, a popular animal-riding sport in Texas, draws huge crowds every time it is organized. However, there are others among them who view the sport as encouraging animal cruelty and hence they stage protests to ban this sport. These people come together and form groups to further the cause of safeguarding animals. Such groups are an example of a(n) _____.
a. universal culture
b. macroculture
c. subculture
d. collective culture
e. mainstream culture
Q:
Jane had very few friends in school until she joined Techno-buzz, a group for technology enthusiasts. She felt a sense of belongingness with the group and met other members with whom she shared many common interests. This is an example of belonging to a _____.
a. collective culture
b. mainstream culture
c. macroculture
d. microculture
e. global culture
Q:
Many aspiring artists identify themselves with various bohemian groups which are seen as unconventional and liberating. Such groups are an example of a(n) _____.
a. collective culture
b. universal culture
c. mainstream culture
d. microculture
e. macroculture
Q:
A group of people who share similar values and tastes that are subsumed within a larger culture is defined as a _____.
a. native culture
b. macroculture
c. microculture
d. global culture
e. mainstream culture
Q:
The combination of working couples and lower birthrates has led to greater levels of consumer affluence.
Q:
Demographics refer to observable, statistical aspects of populations such as age, gender, or income.
Q:
Microcultures are local phenomena and are confined to a specific region.
Q:
Social stratification can be defined as the division of society into classes that have unequal access to scarce and valuable resources.
Q:
In sociology, marriages comprising of people from similar classes is referred to as exogamy.
Q:
When consumers work their way into a class, it is termed as their ascribed status.
Q:
The social class in which a consumer is born into is termed as the consumer's achieved status.
Q:
The advantage of considering social class in consumer behavior is that all consumers in a social class will act similarly.
Q:
The term habitus refers to mental and cognitive structures through which individuals perceive the world based largely on their standing in a social class.