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Marketing
Q:
The taste of a particular brand of pasta is an example of the perceptual attribute of a product.
Q:
Underlying attributes are sometimes referred to as experience qualities because they are often perceived only during consumption.
Q:
Underlying attributes can only be learned through experience with the product.
Q:
Perceptual attributes are sometimes referred to as search qualities because they can easily be evaluated prior to actual purchase.
Q:
A consumer looking for a particular color while buying a dress is concerned with the underlying attribute of the dress.
Q:
Underlying attributes are visually apparent and easily recognizable.
Q:
New alternatives of a product will be compared to exemplars first and then to other brands that are found in the brand category.
Q:
Superordinate categories tend to be more detailed than subordinate categories.
Q:
Subordinate categories are abstract in nature and represent the highest level of categorization.
Q:
The number of levels and details within each level of consumers' product categories are influenced by their familiarityandexpertise with products.
Q:
When a new product is very different from products that are currently available, consumers avoid relying on existing category knowledge to guide their expectations and attitudes toward the new product.
Q:
When considering a new product, consumers rely on the knowledge that they have regarding the relevant product category.
Q:
Product categories are mental representations of stored knowledge about groups of products.
Q:
The experiential decision-making process illustrates attribute-based evaluation.
Q:
With affect-based evaluation, alternatives are evaluated across a set of attributes that are considered relevant to the purchase situation.
Q:
Positive mood states lead to positive evaluations of products while negative mood states lead to negative evaluations of products.
Q:
With attribute-based evaluation, consumers evaluate products based on the overall feeling that is evoked by the alternative.
Q:
Consumers have unlimited ability to process all the information that's available in the environment.
Q:
The term bounded rationality describes the idea that perfectly rational decisions are always feasible.
Q:
Utilitarian criteria include emotional, symbolic, and subjective attributes or benefits that are associated with an alternative.
Q:
Hedonic criteria pertain to economic aspects associated with an alternative.
Q:
The value that consumers believe they will receive from a product has a direct impact on their evaluation of that product.
Q:
Marketers position a product on the determinant criterion that applies across several different situations.
Q:
The determinant criterion for a product remains the same across situations.
Q:
Determinant criteria are the evaluative criteria that are related to the actual choice that is made.
Q:
A benefit is a perceived favorable result that is derived from the presence of a particular feature.
Q:
A feature is a performance characteristic of an object.
Q:
Evaluative criteria are the attributes, features, or potential benefits that consumers consider when reviewing possible solutions to a problem.
Q:
Which of the following terms is used to refer to the product attributes that consumers consider when reviewing possible solutions to a problem?
a. Evaluative criteria
b. Hedonic criteria
c. Informative criteria
d. Predictive criteria
e. Constructive criteria
Q:
Which of the following includes alternatives in the awareness set to which consumers are indifferent?
a. Active set
b. Inept set
c. Inert set
d. Consideration set
e. Dormant set
Q:
John will never purchase Sunshine Cereals because of a previous bad experience he has had with the brand. For John, Sunshine Cereals corresponds to a(n) _____ set of alternatives within his awareness set.
a. inert
b. indifferent
c. passive
d. dormant
e. inept
Q:
Alternatives in a consumer's awareness set that are deemed to be unacceptable for further consideration are referred to as the _____ set.
a. inept
b. inert
c. indifferent
d. passive
e. dormant
Q:
The total collection of all possible solutions to a recognized need is referred to as the _____ set of alternatives.
a. awareness
b. universal
c. consideration
d. inert
e. inept
Q:
George was planning to buy the latest smartphone. However, when he started searching for related information on the Internet, he was overwhelmed by the amount of information that was available on smartphones. George decided to ignore all the details as he was unable to comprehend most of it. This is an example of information _____.
a. bias
b. overload
c. asymmetry
d. bottleneck
e. entropy
Q:
The situation in which consumers are presented with so much information that they cannot assimilate it all is known as information _____.
a. bias
b. asymmetry
c. bottleneck
d. overload
e. exposure
Q:
Don is visiting digital stores and searching the Internet to learn about high-definition DVD players as he is planning to buy one. This is an example of a _____ search.
a. postpurchase
b. preemptive
c. prepurchase
d. passive
e. binary
Q:
Which of the following consumer search behaviors focuses on locating information that will enable the consumer to reach a decision for a specific problem?
a. Prepurchase search
b. Postpurchase search
c. Ongoing search
d. Binary search
e. Passive search
Q:
Vince harbors a passion for cars. He constantly seeks out information on new automobile models without any intention of buying them. Which type of consumer search behavior does this represent?
a. Postpurchase search
b. Passive search
c. Binary search
d. Prepurchase search
e. Ongoing search
Q:
When the search effort is not necessarily focused on an upcoming purchase; rather the effort is focused on staying up to date on a topic of interest, it is called a(n) _____ search.
a. ongoing
b. postpurchase
c. binary
d. passive
e. prepurchase
Q:
In opportunity recognition, _____.
a. a consumer's desired state doesn"t change
b. a consumer's actual state doesn"t change
c. a consumer's ideal state doesn"t change
d. a consumer's other state changes in some significant way
e. a consumer's current state changes in some significant way
Q:
Bill wants to be elected as the mayor of his town. This perceived state for which he aspires is called his _____ state.
a. actual
b. desired
c. social
d. current
e. temporary
Q:
Jake has been driving the same car for ten years now, and he thinks it's getting old. This describes Jake's _____ state with respect to his car.
a. ideal
b. compatible
c. social
d. desired
e. actual
Q:
A consumer's perceived current state is also known as his or her _____ state.
a. desired
b. ideal
c. actual
d. social
e. compatible
Q:
When Joanna decided to buy a laptop, she was overwhelmed by the amount of information available on helping one to decide on the right laptop. Even though she tried to assimilate all the information and make use of it, she was exhausted from trying to understand all the technical jargons. She finally decided to use product price as an indicator of quality. Which of the following best describes Joanna's method of decision making?
a. Shilling
b. Renquing
c. Modeling
d. Infiltrating
e. Satisficing
Q:
The practice of using decision-making shortcuts to arrive at satisfactory, rather than optimal, decisions is called _____.
a. modeling
b. satisficing
c. shilling
d. shaping
e. renquing
Q:
Many consumers shop at discount stores, even though they don"t really like shopping there. Most of the consumers don"t feel any connection with the store; it's just that they don"t want to pay higher prices elsewhere. Which of the following best describes this phenomenon of shopping repeatedly at discount stores without a commitment or feeling of connectedness to the store?
a. Brand loyalty
b. Brand inertia
c. Brand equity
d. Brand consistency
e. Brand longevity
Q:
When a consumer simply buys a product repeatedly without any real attachment, it is referred to as brand _____.
a. loyalty
b. inertia
c. longevity
d. consistency
e. persistence
Q:
Laurie owns a Pluto X20 convertible. She and her husband have owned several other Pluto automobiles over the years. She has even convinced several family members and friends to buy Pluto automobiles. Recently, however, she had a bad service experience at the Pluto dealership in the city she just moved to. Nevertheless, she still decides to purchase a Pluto Y20 this year for her daughter and another Z20 when she needs a new car in a few years. Which of the following best illustrates Laurie's engagement with Pluto automobiles?
a. Brand loyalty
b. Brand inertia
c. Brand longevity
d. Brand consistency
e. Brand equity
Q:
Which of the following is a deeply-held commitment to rebuy a product or service regardless of situational influences that could lead to switching behavior?
a. Brand equity
b. Brand inertia
c. Brand longevity
d. Brand preference
e. Brand loyalty
Q:
When Dane was invited for dinner by his friend who is a self-confessed cheese lover, Dane felt obligated to buy cheese for him. However, Dane has very little knowledge of cheese and seldom buys it. On the day of the dinner, he was stalled at work with some business meetings and did not have the time to decide on which cheese to buy. He grabbed the first block of cheese he saw at the store for his friend. Which of the following decision-making approaches best reflects Dane's final choice of cheese?
a. Limited decision making
b. Extended decision making
c. Habitual decision making
d. Routine decision making
e. Involved decision making
Q:
When Anna goes shopping for groceries every week, she buys the same brand of orange juice that her family has been consuming for years. She picks up the juice without looking at the product information prior to buying it. Which of the following types of decision-making approaches is Anna is most likely adopting while buying orange juice?
a. Extended decision making
b. Rational decision making
c. Habitual decision making
d. Involved decision making
e. Timed decision making
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about habitual decision making?
a. It occurs when a consumer believes the consumption of a specific product that they have in mind will solve the problem and deliver value.
b. It involves extensive evaluation of alternatives based on the potential to satisfy a particular need.
c. It occurs when a consumer's involvement with the particular product category is high.
d. It occurs when the perceived risk for the particular product is high.
e. It involves a time-consuming process of collecting information and comparing brands.
Q:
Which of the following types of decision-making approaches occurs when there are relatively low amounts of purchase risk and product involvement?
a. Limited decision making
b. Extended decision making
c. Experiential decision making
d. Involved decision making
e. Timed decision making
Q:
Carl and Sarah, newlyweds, are considering the purchase of their first house. They are very involved with this purchase decision, particularly because they will be spending their entire savings on this purchase. They have been searching for information on the Internet and asking for opinions from friends and family. Which of the following decision-making approaches are they most likely employing?
a. Experiential decision making
b. Habitual decision making
c. Routine decision making
d. Extended decision making
e. Limited decision making
Q:
In which of the following types of decision-making approaches do consumers tend to search diligently for information that will help them reach a satisfactory decision?
a. Rational decision making
b. Limited decision making
c. Extended decision making
d. Habitual decision making
e. Routine decision making
Q:
Some consumers won"t purchase certain brands of automobiles because there is no dealership in their town to provide maintenance services for their vehicles. In some cases, they would have to drive for several hours to the closest dealership. Which of the following is most likely influencing the decision against purchasing one of these brands?
a. Financial risk
b. Physical risk
c. Performance risk
d. Time risk
e. Social risk
Q:
John's kids have been pestering him to buy them shoes with wheels. However, he's concerned whether using such shoes would be safe for his children or make them more prone to injuries. Which of the following best reflects John's concern?
a. Financial risk
b. Physical risk
c. Performance risk
d. Time risk
e. Social risk
Q:
Risk associated with the safety of the product as well as its consumption is referred to as _____ risk.
a. financial
b. performance
c. social
d. physical
e. time
Q:
Hal is considering purchasing a hybrid automobile as he wants better gas mileage as well as an environment-friendly car. However, he is concerned that the car might not function the way he is anticipating it to. Which of the following best reflects Hal's concern?
a. Financial risk
b. Physical risk
c. Performance risk
d. Time risk
e. Social risk
Q:
Risk associated with the likelihood of a product functioning as expected is referred to as _____ risk.
a. financial
b. physical
c. social
d. time
e. performance
Q:
Ben just got a high-paying job and wants to buy an expensive car. However, he was raised in a family where spending on luxury is considered wasteful. Even though Ben dreams of replacing his old car with an expensive one, he is very concerned about how his parents and relatives will react to his purchase decision. Which of the following best reflects Ben's concern?
a. Financial risk
b. Social risk
c. Performance risk
d. Physical risk
e. Time risk
Q:
Risk associated with how other consumers will view the purchase is referred to as _____ risk.
a. financial
b. performance
c. social
d. physical
e. time
Q:
Most young adults would like to own a high-end luxury automobile, even though most of them could not afford one. Which of the following types of risk is likely to prevent them from purchasing one?
a. Financial risk
b. Social risk
c. Performance risk
d. Safety risk
e. Time risk
Q:
Risk associated with the cost of the product is known as _____ risk.
a. social
b. physical
c. performance
d. time
e. financial
Q:
The perception of the negative consequences that are likely to result from a course of action and the uncertainty of which course of action is best to take is referred to as perceived _____.
a. need
b. stress
c. value
d. inertia
e. risk
Q:
Which of the following is true of the experiential decision-making perspective?
a. It assumes that consumers follow a "think-feel-do" hierarchy in making decisions.
b. It assumes that consumers' decision-making involves extensive cognitive effort.
c. It assumes that consumers' decision-making processes merely focus on utilitarian value.
d. It assumes that consumers' behaviors are based largely on the sheer enjoyment involved with consumption.
e. It assumes that consumers derive value from the end result of their decisions and not the experience.
Q:
Tina, a consumer researcher, conducted a research on consumers' dining behaviors. The research findings showed that diners tend to spend more time and money when the ambience consists of dim light and soft music being played in the background. Which of the following decision-making perspectives best corresponds to Tina's research findings on her research subjects?
a. Rational decision-making perspective
b. Experiential decision-making perspective
c. Behavioral influence decision-making perspective
d. Functional decision-making perspective
e. Implemental decision-making perspective
Q:
Which of the following is an example of behavioral influence perspective?
a. Marcie goes window-shopping with her friends and buys a designer gown that is on display at a store.
b. Kate needs to buy a wedding gown. She surfs the Internet and visits all the boutiques in Florida to compare prices and quality.
c. Mandy loves skiing and she has signed herself up for an expensive ski training in Switzerland.
d. Tamara plans to spend an entire weekend relaxing at her favorite spa.
e. Leon wants to buy a new automobile. He visits a few dealerships and test-drives quite a few automobiles. He compares prices and features of the various models before selecting one.
Q:
Which of the following is true about behavioral influence decision-making perspective?
a. Consumers are rational and they diligently gather information about purchases.
b. Consumers compare various brands of products on salient attributes.
c. Consumers' behaviors are influenced by environmental forces.
d. Consumers make informed decisions regarding what brand to buy.
e. Consumers' behaviors are influenced by cognitive decision making.
Q:
Which of the following decision-making perspectives assumes that many decisions are learned responses to environmental influences?
a. Rational decision-making perspective
b. Experiential decision-making perspective
c. Behavioral influence decision-making perspective
d. Functional influence decision-making perspective
e. Implemental decision-making perspective
Q:
Tina, a consumer researcher, assumes that her buying decisions are influenced majorly by the emotions associated with the product, such as the enjoyment involved with the use of the product or service. Which of the following decision-making perspectives does Tina demonstrate?
a. Rational decision-making perspective
b. Experiential decision-making perspective
c. Behavioral influence decision-making perspective
d. Functional decision-making perspective
e. Implemental decision-making perspective
Q:
Which of the following decision-making perspectives assumes that consumers often make purchases and reach decisions based on the affect, or feeling, attached to the product or behavior under consideration?
a. Rational decision-making perspective
b. Experiential decision-making perspective
c. Functional decision-making perspective
d. Behavioral influence decision-making perspective
e. Implemental decision-making perspective
Q:
Greg is considering the purchase of a new truck. He wants to purchase the best one within his budget. He searches the Internet, asks friends, and visits dealerships to learn more about different brands and their features. He even found a website where he can directly compare different brands to help him in his decision. Which of the following decision-making perspectives would best describe Greg's decision-making process?
a. Experiential decision-making perspective
b. Behavioral influence decision-making perspective
c. Functional decision-making perspective
d. Implemental decision-making perspective
e. Rational decision-making perspective
Q:
Which of the following decision-making perspectives assumes that consumers diligently gather information about purchases, carefully compare various brands of products on salient attributes, and make informed decisions regarding what brand to buy?
a. Rational decision-making perspective
b. Experiential decision-making perspective
c. Behavioral influence decision-making perspective
d. Functional decision-making perspective
e. Implemental decision-making perspective
Q:
Which of the following is true about the consumer decision-making process?
a. Consumers always proceed through the activities in the decision-making process in a sequential fashion.
b. Consumers always complete the decision-making process once it is initiated.
c. Consumers' decision-making processes don"t always involve a tangible product.
d. Consumers' decision-making processes operate independently of any value perceptions.
e. Consumers' decision making doesn"t always involve choices linked to value.
Q:
It has been a month since Carl moved into a new apartment in Leicester. He spent most of his life savings on purchasing the apartment. He now considers his decision and feels that he has made the right selection in terms of the amount of money spent and the value received on the purchase. Which of the following activities in the decision-making process best represents Carl's consideration of his decision?
a. Need recognition
b. Search for information
c. Evaluation of alternatives
d. Choice
e. Postchoice evaluation
Q:
When Carl migrated to England, he decided to stay in a cottage in Goodwood, Leicester, even though he had the option of staying in a better place. He opted to stay in Goodwood as the rent was reasonable and the neighborhood culture suited him well. Which of the following activities in the decision-making process best represents Carl's decision to stay in Goodwood?
a. Need recognition
b. Search for information
c. Evaluation of alternatives
d. Choice
e. Postchoice evaluation
Q:
When Carl arrived in England, he compared four different options for accommodation, keeping in mind the budget as well as the neighborhood culture that would suit him. Which of the following activities in the decision-making process best represents Carl's comparison?
a. Need recognition
b. Search for information
c. Evaluation of alternatives
d. Choice
e. Postchoice evaluation
Q:
When Carl decided to migrate to England, he was preoccupied with looking up on the Internet for data on accommodation. He also talked with his friends and relatives in England on available options for stay on his arrival. Which of the following activities in the decision-making process best represents Carl's preoccupation?
a. Need recognition
b. Search for information
c. Evaluation of alternatives
d. Choice
e. Postchoice evaluation
Q:
When Carl, a Cuban, migrated to England, he realized he had no suitable clothes for the winter. Carl felt that he required some warm clothes to brace himself up for the English winter. Which of the following activities in the decision-making process represents this perceived requirement?
a. Need recognition
b. Search for information
c. Evaluation of alternatives
d. Choice
e. Postchoice evaluation