Q&A Hero

Q: ​Refer to Case 6.1. Martin's initial solution to the problem is an example of using which influence to change individual attitudes about asking questions? a. ​Changing consequences b. Changing conditions​ c. Socialization through training​ d. Keeping an open mind​

Q: Rude behavior in the workplace, such as using profanity and failing to say "please" and "thank you," demonstrates a lack of​ a. ​basic interpersonal skills. b. appreciation of coworker diversity.​ c. openness to change.​ d. self-motivation.​ Case 6.1 ​ Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. When he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "We Midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." ​ Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn't work. When he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. ​ Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.

Q: Refer to Case 6.1. Martin's plan failed initially because he didn't consider the power of ____ on attitudes.​ a. ​the socialization process b. peer or reference groups​ c. role model identification​ d. rewards and punishments​

Q: Alex admires his manager, Susan, and considers her a role model. Susan often speaks about the importance of communication. At the same time, her busy schedule with external clients makes her very unavailable to Alex and other employees. During the rare chance that they are able to speak with her, she seems hurried and answers other calls and text messages. Alex is most likely to develop an attitude that​ a. ​communicating with employees and communicating with clients are equally important. b. upward communication is valuable to managers.​ c. communicating with clients is less important than communicating with employees.​ d. internal communication is less important than external communication.​ Case 6.1 ​ Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. When he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "We Midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." ​ Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn't work. When he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. ​ Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.

Q: ​Refer to Case 6.1. Martin's identification of Carmen is an example of using ____ to influence attitudes. a. ​culture b. socialization​ c. rewards and punishments​ d. role models​

Q: ​Jasmine goes out of her way to display a caring attitude to one of her customers during a sales call. The customer establishes a long-term relationship with Jasmine's company. This is an example of a. ​the influence of role models on attitudes. b. how attitude can lead to success in someone's career.​ c. how an empathizer can be a powerful force in an organization.​ d. the power of a reference group on the formation of attitudes.​ Case 6.1 ​ Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. When he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "We Midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." ​ Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn't work. When he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. ​ Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.

Q: ​Refer to Case 6.1. The source of Martin's production and quality problem is an example of which influence on attitudes? a. ​Rewards and punishment b. Role models​ c. Peer or reference group​ d. Culture​

Q: The changing demographics of the global work force make which of the following attitudes especially important for success in the workplace?​ a. ​Self-leadership b. Valuing coworker diversity​ c. Health consciousness​ d. Self-directed learning​ Case 6.1 ​ Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. When he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "We Midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." ​ Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn't work. When he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. ​ Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.

Q: ​Identify an instance in your life when you felt unhappy. Applying the principles outlined in Chapter 6, how did you createor how should you have createdyour own happiness?

Q: How is the success of a company affected by its leaders attitudes?​

Q: How will the age of information affect attitudes?​

Q: Often pessimism leads to ____________________, which is a mistrusting attitude regarding the motives of people.​

Q: ​____________________ are able to imagine themselves in someone else's position and understand what that person is feeling.

Q: If employers want to maintain or improve the positive attitudes of their workers, and thereby maintain or improve productivity, they need to address the quality of their employees __________________.​

Q: ​Organizations today work hard to create appropriate ____________________ that attract and maintain highly qualified workers during volatile times.

Q: The American Public Health Association may be a relevant ____________________ that provides a nurse or physician opportunities to learn information and compare ideas in ways that influence their attitudes and behaviors.​

Q: To help others change their attitudes, you can change the conditions that precede the inappropriate behavior or change the ____________________ that follow.​

Q: As children reach adolescence, they come to be influenced by their ____________________perhaps even more than by parents, teachers, and other adult figures.​

Q: Valuing ____________________ means that an organization tends to make full use of the ideas, talents, experiences, and perspectives of all employees.​

Q: According to author Brian Tracy's "Law of ________________," the more thoroughly you open your mind to the options available to you, the more freedom you have.​

Q: We can never really know a persons attitude, but we can observe his or her _____________.​

Q: ​ Case 6.1 ​ Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. When he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "We Midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." ​ Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn't work. When he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. ​ Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions Refer to Case 6.1. Martin's initial solution to the problem is an example of using which influence to change individual attitudes about asking questions? a. ​Changing consequences b. Changing conditions​ c. Socialization through training​ d. Keeping an open mind​

Q: Case 6.1 ​ Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. When he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "We Midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." ​ Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn't work. When he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. ​ Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions. Refer to Case 6.1. Martin's plan failed initially because he didn't consider the power of ____ on attitudes.​ a. ​the socialization process b. peer or reference groups​ c. role model identification​ d. rewards and punishments​

Q: Henry wants to help one of his employees develop a more positive attitude about work. He should​ a. ​keep an open mind. b. alter the way the employee thinks.​ c. change the conditions surrounding the events that feed the employee's negative attitude.​ d. provide negative consequences for doing what is asked.​

Q: ​ Case 6.1 ​ Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. When he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "We Midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." ​ Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn't work. When he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. ​ Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions. Refer to Case 6.1. Martin's identification of Carmen is an example of using ____ to influence attitudes. a. ​culture b. socialization​ c. rewards and punishments​ d. role models​

Q: Refer to Case 6.1.Which of the following attitudes does Martin most value in Carmen's willingness to ask the first questions?​ a. ​Team spirit b. Openness to change​ c. Appreciation of coworker diversity​ d. Health consciousness​

Q: Ahmad was recently laid off from his job at Big Bank. When he was employed, he did not enjoy his job; however, now that his job is gone, he feels discouraged and hopeless. Ahmad needs to change his attitude and can do so by​ a. ​seeking support and happiness in his relationships. b. doing more things that he enjoys.​ c. discovering positive opportunities resulting from the layoff.​ d. doing all of these things (a-c).​

Q: While her team was developing an eco-friendly cleaning wipe, Jackie suggested using a particular material, which triggered Jamals idea to try a similar but faster-dissolving material. The team adopted Jamal's idea, and the product succeeded. When Jamal's boss asked whose idea it was to use the chosen material, Jamal said it was his, but that he wouldn't have thought of it without Jackie's input. In this example, Jamal most clearly demonstrates which of the following employer-valued attitudes?​ a. ​Honesty and team spirit b. Health consciousness and culture appreciation​ c. Optimism and health consciousness​ d. Self-motivation and flexibility​

Q: ​Carlos teaches high school language arts classes. When selecting a reference group, he is most likely to choose a. ​several educators belonging to the National Council of Teachers of English. b. various school administrators.​ c. the high school student body.​ d. members of his family.​

Q: ​Despite facing a struggling economy, ABC Company offers its employees yoga and healthy cooking classes at lunch and after work. The company is attempting to a. ​reduce costs by promoting employee well-being. b. enhance employee spirituality.​ c. create self-directed learners.​ d. make employees work harder by offering additional benefits.​

Q: Attitudes are our sincere thoughts. Which of the following statements is true about attitudes?​ a. ​They affect how we think, feel, and act. b. ​They are the foundation upon which we develop our values. c. ​They are relatively easy to form and change. d. ​They can significantly affect our mental health but have little impact on our physical health.

Q: Which type of person is most likely to view problems as temporary setbacks rather than as barriers to success?​ a. ​Pessimists b. Optimists​ c. Introverts​ d. Directives​

Q: Eddies attitude toward work is that each worker should consistently put forth his or her best effort to do the job well. How might Eddie best convey this attitude when applying for a job?​ a. ​Avoiding too much preparation for the interview so his responses sound natural b. Sending his standard rsum and cover letter promptly​ c. Customizing his rsum to highlight skills relevant to the position​ d. Discussing all of his core values in depth during the interview​

Q: ​Lena frequently agrees with the rest of her team in hopes that she will be accepted by her team members. She may lose control of her attitude due to a. ​cynicism. b. groupthink.​ c. closed-mindedness.​ d. professional relationships.​

Q: Sherry hates to do financial reports. Her boss encourages her when he gives her a financial report assignment and praises her when she gets it done on time and accurately. He is quite stern and scolds her if she complains about doing them. Over time, Sherry begins to feel more positively about doing the reports and actually comes to enjoy them. This is an example of the power of​ a. ​rewards and punishment in forming attitudes. b. the effect of role model identification on attitude formation.​ c. the socialization process at work.​ d. a peer group on the development of attitudes.​

Q: ​Rafael sees his family achieve financial success through hard work. His parents and teachers talk about the importance of voting and being active in the community. As a result, Rafael develops strong attitudes about these issues. This is an example of a. ​the power of a peer group in forming attitudes. b. the socialization process.​ c. the power of attitudes within an organization.​ d. rewards and punishment in forming attitudes.​

Q: As CEO of a very successful organization, Joshua tries to show his enthusiasm and support for the work of his executive staff. They then demonstrate a similar degree of enthusiasm and support to middle management. This continues down the chain of authority. We can then say that​ a. ​the socialization process works well. b. ​using role models influences our attitudes. c. ​an organizations success is a reflection of the attitudes of its leaders. d. ​the power of reference groups on perception is very strong.

Q: ​An important first step in changing your attitude is a. ​changing your lifestyle. b. asking your parents for feedback.​ c. asking your friends to change their attitudes with you.​ d. concentrating on positive things in your life.​

Q: Improving employees attitudes can increase a company's productivity. Ways to change employees attitudes include​ a. ​focusing primarily on monetary rewards for employees. b. holding regular celebrations for all employees and their families.​ c. encouraging management to develop friendships with their workers.​ d. awarding bonuses to the employees who are most liked by their managers.​

Q: ​Mandy's employer is going through a period of intense and rapid change. Mandy has begun rejecting any new work-related idea or practice, preferring to cling to the methods that her employer used before the changes began. Mandy is exhibiting which of the following negative attitudes concerning change? a. ​Tenacity b. Arrogance​ c. Inflexibility​ d. Traditionalism​

Q: In most organizations, new employees observe and emulate what supervisors and managers do when adjusting to their jobs.​ a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Q: People are usually fired because the cognitive or emotional components of their attitudes are unacceptable to the organization, not because of their behaviors on the job. a. True b. False

Q: Employees who frequently have a negative attitude can still maintain a high level of productivity.​ a. True b. False

Q: In the conceptual age, workers and businesses that demonstrate empathetic attitudes will have a competitive advantage.​ a. True b. False

Q: While you can control or modify attitudes to some degree, it is basically impossible to change them once you reach adulthood.​ a. True b. False

Q: ​It can be difficult, though not impossible, to unlearn negative attitudes. a. True b. False

Q: ​By simply saying "Thank you; I appreciate receiving this today" when a coworker provides you information ahead of schedule, you are can influence that person to submit work early again in the future. a. True b. False

Q: ​We develop negative or positive attitudes toward people, ideas, and events based upon our thoughts about, feelings about, and actions toward them. a. True b. False

Q: When asked, employees cite interesting work and recognition for good performance among the attributets they most desire in a job.​ a. True b. False

Q: Andrew, who is training to run a marathon, occasionally mentions his progress to his boss. His boss will probably perceive Andrew as having a self-absorbed attitude and be unappreciative of his endeavor. a. True b. False

Q: Most differences between happy and unhappy individuals are based on external factors.​ a. True b. False

Q: ​Jane stopped smoking because Mary, her older cousin whom she admires, disapproves and does not smoke. This is an example of the power of a peer group. a. True b. False

Q: A peer group consists of people who share a common interest and act as an information source for an individual member.​ a. True b. False

Q: ​The use of rewards and punishments to influence anothers attitude is a successful strategy with children but not with adults. a. True b. False

Q: ​You can help others to change their attitudes by changing the conditions that precede a behavior. a. True b. False

Q: Sam is upset because his manager just announced that the turnaround time for research reports has been shortened from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. Sam can work to change his attitude about this by mentally reframing the situation as a challenge to be more focused and efficient when writing his reports.​ a. True b. False

Q: When Nina tells her manager that she doesn't feel she needs to attend various training sessions at company expense or utilize support services, her manager is likely to be thankful for her willing attitude to minimize company costs.​ a. True b. False

Q: Companies can make full use of the ideas, talents, experiences, and perspectives of their employees by limiting diversity.​ a. True b. False

Q: One of the most significant differences between high and low achievers is choice of career.​ a. True b. False

Q: ​Learning to cope with change is important for maintaining a positive attitude that employers value. a. True b. False

Q: Identify a particular attitude of yours and explain how it was formed and strengthened or changed over time due to each of the five influences mentioned in Chapter 6.​

Q: Name the three components of attitude described by social psychologists and provide a real-life example of each.​

Q: ​Your close friend was laid off due to downsizing, and she's feeling depressed. She's looked online and in the paper for job openings, but has recently given up hope of finding anything. You've also noticed that she has become more withdrawn from friends lately. Detail a well-rounded plan for how you can help her improve her attitude about this jobless situation.

Q: Describe the relationship among a person's values, attitudes, and behaviors.​

Q: What are the seven attitudes of highly valuable employees? What evidence could you find in their behaviors that would indicate to you that they possess these attitudes?​

Q: Briefly explain what it means to value diversity.​

Q: Define attitudes and discuss five forces that influence their formation.​

Q: Refer to Case 5.1. What additional step that Joan has not taken will help prevent corporate crime at her organization?​ a. ​Establishing an ethics training program b. Hiring with care​ c. Developing an ethics code​ d. Modeling​ Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

Q: A top executive at IBM shared with his friends some inside information that allowed them to engage in very profitable stock trading. He testified in court that he did not personally profit from these actions and served a very short prison term. His career was ruined. This story illustrates​ a. ​low moral intelligence. b. personal gain over occupational success.​ c. insider trading is widespread.​ d. occupational success over personal gain.​ Case 5.1 ​ Joan is designing an ethics training program for her company. She decides to build it around the story of the founder of the corporation, Rosa. Rosa's "rags-to-riches" story reveals a woman with strong standards of personal conduct, deep personal values and beliefs, and a pattern of good judgment. Rosa attributes her success to the upbringing she had as a child. A second portion of the training program will review the companys values, ethics code, and policies so that all employees are very clear on where the company stands on key issues and business behaviors.

Q: ​Refer to Case 5.1. If Joan's training program is taken to the company's international offices, she needs to be prepared for the fact that a. ​the developing world completely rejects Western values. b. the curriculum can be readily implemented because there are common international business values.​ c. it may seem unnecessary, since ethical decisions are much more "cut and dry" internationally than they are domestically.​ d. values and ethics situations are more complex internationally.​

Q: MTV, the wellness movement, and Watergate affected which generation?​ a. ​Matures b. Baby Boomers​ c. Generation X​ d. Generation Y / Millennials​ Case 5.1 ​ Joan is designing an ethics training program for her company. She decides to build it around the story of the founder of the corporation, Rosa. Rosa's "rags-to-riches" story reveals a woman with strong standards of personal conduct, deep personal values and beliefs, and a pattern of good judgment. Rosa attributes her success to the upbringing she had as a child. A second portion of the training program will review the companys values, ethics code, and policies so that all employees are very clear on where the company stands on key issues and business behaviors.

Q: Refer to Case 5.1. Rosa seems to have a high level of integrity, which must mean she has kept her​ a. ​religion. b. commitments.​ c. character.​ d. purpose.​

Q: Betsy can land a sale if she moves her customer's order ahead of other orders placed earlier. Company policy is "first in, first out." When Betsy learns of the policy, she explains to her customer she can't "cut them into the production line ahead of other orders." She is following which guideline for making right ethical choices?​ a. ​Learning to distinguish between right and wrong b. Doing more than policy requires and less than it allows​ c. Not being driven by the desire to succeed​ d. Ensuring her values are in harmony with her employer's​ Case 5.1 ​ Joan is designing an ethics training program for her company. She decides to build it around the story of the founder of the corporation, Rosa. Rosa's "rags-to-riches" story reveals a woman with strong standards of personal conduct, deep personal values and beliefs, and a pattern of good judgment. Rosa attributes her success to the upbringing she had as a child. A second portion of the training program will review the companys values, ethics code, and policies so that all employees are very clear on where the company stands on key issues and business behaviors.

Q: Refer to Case 5.1. Which of the following influences on personal value formation was strongest for Rosa?​ a. ​Family b. Religion​ c. Media​ d. Modeling​

Q: It is the position of the authors of your text regarding corporate crime and corporate ethics that​ a. ​all companies are ethical; only individual employees cause problems. b. gray-area situations and competitive pressure make ethical decision making difficult.​ c. most management situations are clear cut, and, for most middle managers, it is not difficult to make ethical decisions.​ d. no company or individual is ethical except when restrained by law.​ Case 5.1 ​ Joan is designing an ethics training program for her company. She decides to build it around the story of the founder of the corporation, Rosa. Rosa's "rags-to-riches" story reveals a woman with strong standards of personal conduct, deep personal values and beliefs, and a pattern of good judgment. Rosa attributes her success to the upbringing she had as a child. A second portion of the training program will review the companys values, ethics code, and policies so that all employees are very clear on where the company stands on key issues and business behaviors.

Q: Refer to Case 5.1. The training program is helping employees make right choices by​ a. ​emphasizing the importance of values education in public schools. b. helping employees move away from the need for instant gratification.​ c. ensuring employees' values are in harmony with the company's values.​ d. hiring with care.​

Q: Dominic arrives late to work and oftentimes waits to complete projects until the last minute. Lynn, who arrives on time and is well organized, views Dominic as lazy and ineffective despite the fact that he always has his projects completed by the deadline. This is an example of​ a. ​integrity conflict. b. values conflict.​ c. miscommunication.​ d. values drift.​ Case 5.1 ​ Joan is designing an ethics training program for her company. She decides to build it around the story of the founder of the corporation, Rosa. Rosa's "rags-to-riches" story reveals a woman with strong standards of personal conduct, deep personal values and beliefs, and a pattern of good judgment. Rosa attributes her success to the upbringing she had as a child. A second portion of the training program will review the companys values, ethics code, and policies so that all employees are very clear on where the company stands on key issues and business behaviors.

Q: Identify one major event from each generational period. Then, explain how you believe each event influenced the formation of at least two values for members of the corresponding generation.​

Q: Describe how internal values conflicts and conflicts with others can affect personal and organizational performance. Give examples.​

Q: Peter is a friend who often comes to you for advice. Today he is struggling with how to make the right ethical choice in a situation at work. Explain to Peter three ethical guidelines that he can use to make his choice.​