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Q:
Our central core or essence that helps us develop a rewarding work and life is ______.
a. purpose
b. goals
c. observation
d. self-leadership
Q:
A major concept behind self-goal-setting is ______.
a. knowing your destination
b. traveling without a clear picture
c. reaching for easy goals
d. reaching for unattainable goals
Q:
Setting personal goals can help you achieve the following ______.
a. help us achieve life-goal goals
b. achieve a goal based on what we value in life
c. create shorter term goals to help us achieve long-term goals
d. all of these
Q:
Which of the following can happen by engaging in practice before an event occurs?
a. detection of problems and making corrections
b. making corrections avoiding costly errors
c. avoiding costly errors
d. detection of problems, making corrections, and avoiding costly errors
Q:
When we use direct control over how we think, act, or believe, we are using ______.
a. natural rewards
b. constructive thought
c. self-imposed behavior focused strategies
d. world-altering behavior focused strategies
Q:
Self-observation involves determining ______ about certain behaviors.
a. what behaviors should be increased or decreased
b. why you should receive a promotion
c. what you coworker did to you
d. what your friends get to do on vacation
Q:
Self-punishment focuses on self-applied consequences for behavior by ______ behaviors.
a. decreasing undesired
b. increasing desired
c. increasing undesired
d. decreasing desired
Q:
The use of self-reward strategies may be useful for persons who are ______.
a. quick to criticize others
b. quick to criticize themselves
c. not feeling self-doubt
d. dont feel guilty about doing bad
Q:
When you establish why, where, and any conditions for your behavior, you are using ______.
a. self-reward
b. self-observation
c. self-reflection
d. self-goal-setting
Q:
Which of the following characteristics does a goal that is generally more effective possess?
a. specific, challenging, and attainable
b. specific, unchallenging, and attainable
c. vague, challenging, and attainable
d. vague, unchallenging, and attainable
Q:
______ is the process of providing direction for ones self in terms of the end destination as an example of which self-imposed strategy of self-leadership.
a. Self-observation
b. Self-reward
c. Self-Goal-Setting
d. Self-punishment
Q:
Many world-altering strategies that allow individuals to make real differences are ______.
a. simple
b. difficult
c. tedious
d. boring
Q:
Which of the following would be manners through which removal of negative cues could help individuals become healthier?
a. removing candy dishes, avoiding restaurants with dessert bars, and placing TV in exercise room
b. removing candy dishes, avoiding restaurants with dessert bars, and placing a TV in a little used room
c. removing candy dishes, not avoiding any restaurants, and placing a TV in a little used room
d. placing TV in exercise room and not removing candy dishes
Q:
It is important to surround ourselves with the right people if we know ______.
a. ourselves and we know what we are striving towards
b. what we are striving towards
c. what we believe in and what we are striving towards
d. what we believe in, what we are striving towards, and know ourselves
Q:
Which of the following are examples of world-altering strategies?
a. attention focusers, Self-Goal-Setting, and increasing negative cues
b. increasing negative cues, attention focusers, and increasing positive cues
c. attention focusers, removal of negative cues, and increasing positive cues
d. Self-Goal-Setting and natural rewards
Q:
Which of the following has been shown to be an effective manner to remind ones self?
a. to-do list apps and no physical checklist
b. no checklist
c. string around finger but no physical checklist
d. to-do list apps on phone and string around finger
Q:
What type of world-altering strategy do we establish by choosing an organization (and therefore the people we work with)?
a. increasing positive cues
b. removing negative cues
c. attention focusers
d. reminders
Q:
How would positive cues be set up to encourage reading?
a. Move the TV and your favorite chair into your room.
b. Put the pile of books you want to read in the basement to avoid clutter.
c. Download your books to the smart phone so you can multi-task.
d. Place books next to your favorite chair, remove smart phone from room, and download eBook to favorite device.
Q:
Which of the following would be a way to focus on removal of negative cues when working?
a. Put down the smart phone.
b. Move the TV to a less used room.
c. Remove a candy dish from coffee table.
d. Place an inspirational quote above work space.
Q:
Which of the following would not be an example of the use of reminders and attention focusers?
a. placing a piece of paper on a door with a letter on it
b. making a list of things to be accomplished today
c. placing the project with the most importance at the center of the work space
d. removing a candy dish from a coffee table
Q:
What type of self-leadership strategy are reminders and attention focusers, removal of negative cues, and increasing positive cues examples of?
a. self-imposed strategies
b. world-altering behavior-focused strategies
c. natural reward strategies
d. constructive thought strategies
Q:
What is the importance for having a purpose in your life? What is purpose and what role does it play within the self-goal-setting process? How is having purpose an integral aspect of effective self-leaders?
Q:
Describe how self-observation determines when, why, and under what conditions we use certain behaviors? How can self-observation be used to improve individual effectiveness?
Q:
Explain the differences between self-punishment and self-reward strategies of self-imposed behavior-focused strategies. Which of these strategies is more highly recommended to use and why? What is the major negative of the strategy that is not recommended for as much use?
Q:
What are negative and positive cues? What are some examples of each? What are the benefits to increasing positive cues while reducing negative cues?
Q:
Describe the strategy of using reminders and attention focusers as world-altering behavior-focused strategies. How has that strategy helped to effectively manage time and priorities?
Q:
An important point of self-reward is we should only reward ourselves at a physical level to achieve the best results.
Q:
Purpose is an integral part of all effective self-leaders, so it can help you attain peak performance in all aspects of your life.
Q:
Similar to not having a grocery list, having purpose can help buy only what is truly important to you.
Q:
All self-imposed behavior-focused strategies involve focusing on the positives that have occurred.
Q:
The use of a string tied around a finger is not a simple method to engage in world altering behavior-focused strategies.
Q:
Self-observation involves determining when, why, and under what conditions we use certain behaviors.
Q:
Explain how individuals are not simply helpless pawns but rather do influence their own behavior. How is this balanced among the different internal and external influences that may occur?
Q:
How is self-leadership influenced by unique tendencies? What areas can provide examples of unique tendencies that could influence the self-leadership process?
Q:
Explain the concepts from social cognitive theory relating to the triadic reciprocal model. How do the person, behavior, and world influence one another? Are these items independent from one another or is there a continuous influential process ongoing?
Q:
Distinguish between behaviors that take place at the observable physical level and behaviors that take place at the unobservable mental level. How do these different behaviors influence one another and how do self-leadership strategies influence both types of behavior?
Q:
Describe the role that the world plays in shape individual behavioral choices. Describe specific examples of how individual behaviors are changed by certain criteria from the world.
Q:
Individuals, even in tightly controlled situations, still have some degree of control over their own behavior and can choose those actions.
Q:
The way that we practice self-leadership is affected by unique tendencies in terms of thinking patterns and our physical action.
Q:
The relationship between person, behavior, and world in influencing our behavior is an additive process, not a continuous one.
Q:
The relationship between persons, behaviors, and the world can be understood as the separate parts.
Q:
Our behavioral tendencies are both physical and mental.
Q:
The complex chain of behavioral influence takes place due to events before behavior, the actual behavior, and the results of the behavior take place at both physical and mental levels of behavior.
Q:
The rewards, laws, and rules within an individuals world dictate all of the influence that occurs.
Q:
The behaviors that we engage in do not impact the world, while the world shapes the behavioral choices that are made.
Q:
The questions How do we think about problems and How do we tend to react to certain situations are ways to tap into ______. a. attitudes b. beliefs c. behavioral tendencies d. stress
Q:
We choose our own behavior even in difficult situations and if the behaviors generally contribute to well-being of others, we may feel ______.
a. more personal security and unhappiness
b. less personal security and happiness
c. less personal security and more support from others
d. more personal security and more support from others
Q:
Even in the most difficult situations, we ______.
a. are constrained completely by the environment
b. lead ourselves by the choices we make
c. have no influence on our world
d. cant influence our own behaviors
Q:
We can choose to take an optimistic view of the world, which accomplishes ______.
a. a world that looks more positive to us and viewing constraints
b. a more enjoyable place to live
c. an ability to respond to opportunities not constraints and a world that looks negative
d. a world that looks more positive, a more enjoyable place to live, and an ability to respond to opportunities, not constraints
Q:
The world is a product of ______.
a. the way that we see it
b. concrete sense
c. others thoughts
d. physical barriers
Q:
We make choices concerning which of the factors of the influence picture the ______.
a. world and our behaviors
b. world and our attitudes
c. world, our behaviors, and ourselves
d. world, our attitudes, and ourselves
Q:
Which two self-influence processes make up social cognitive theory?
a. verbal persuasion and performance objections
b. self-analysis and self-leadership
c. triadic reciprocal model and self-efficacy
d. performance history and self-regularity
Q:
Which theories and perspectives have been used as conceptual foundations for self-leadership?
a. only social cognitive theory
b. social cognitive theory, positive psychology, social role theory, and self-determination theory
c. self-regulation theory, social cognitive theory, self-management, intrinsic motivation theory, and positive psychology
d. social cognitive theory, social role theory, self-regulation, and self-determination theory
Q:
Self-leadership can capitalize on the attractiveness of ______.
a. natural enjoyment
b. money
c. attitudes
d. giving other people orders
Q:
Self-leadership is impacted through unique tendencies in individuals by ______.
a. thinking patterns and attitudes
b. thinking patterns and physical action
c. physical action and attitudes
d. attitudes, thinking patterns, and physical action
Q:
Which of these statements are true?
a. We function within a complex system of ourselves, the world, and our behavior.
b. We are not subject to constraints if we practice self-efficacy.
c. Our choices do matter, but we cannot overcome obstacles.
d. If we have high motivation, we do not need to sacrifice to achieve our goals.
Q:
To fully understand our own self-leadership practices, we must recognize the importance of ______.
a. what we are
b. how we think about things
c. what we are and how we think about things
d. what and who we are
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a. We as people, our world, and our behavior can be fully understood separately.
b. We as people and our behaviors can be fully understood separately, but our world cannot be.
c. The world can be understood separately, but we as people and our behaviors cannot be.
d. We as people, our world, and our behavior cannot be fully understood separately.
Q:
Which of the following is a role that can present constraints on us?
a. parents and bosses
b. bosses and citizens
c. citizens and parents
d. parents, bosses, and citizens
Q:
Individuals function within a complex system of influence that involves ______.
a. ourselves and others
b. ourselves, the world, and attitudes
c. ourselves, the world, and behaviors
d. ourselves and attitudes
Q:
Which of the following would be an example of how the world affects us?
a. leaving home in the winter and exposing ourselves to the cold
b. cold weather, regardless of where we are
c. a book that hasnt been purchased to read
d. negative attitudes of coworkers that are not reciprocated
Q:
Which of the following is an important finding from the field of positive psychology?
a. Happy people tend to be better employees.
b. The more people who are positive, the easier it is to go to work.
c. Knowing how positive and negative emotions work together helps us understand people.
d. The intentional activities of people account for a persons happiness and well-being.
Q:
A vicious cycle of influence is set into movement in A Christmas Carol for Ebenezer Scrooge that shows how ______.
a. the world influences our behaviors
b. our behaviors influence the world
c. we influence our behaviors
d. all of these are manners in which influence is present
Q:
Mikaela Shiffrin motivated herself in the Winter Olympics through self-leadership strategies that involved the ______ level(s) of behavior.
a. physical and psychopathic
b. mental and metaphysical
c. physical
d. physical and mental
Q:
Which of the following shows how the physical and mental level can influence behavior?
a. physical influences mental
b. mental influence physical
c. circular process where they continuously influence each other
d. none of these
Q:
We can lead ourselves to the most desired accomplishments by ______.
a. focusing on thinking patterns (mental)
b. focusing on physical action (behavior)
c. combining both the mental and physical level of influence
d. not focusing on either of these
Q:
Which of these examples is the best visual description for self-regulation theory?
a. a mechanical thermostat that needs adjusting to stay in a desired temperature
b. a tree that needs to be pruned to stay healthy
c. a person sitting in a hot sauna
d. an uncovered swimming pool in hot weather where the water is evaporating
Q:
At which of the following levels can behaviors take place?
a. physical and mental levels
b. mental level
c. physical level
d. mental and metaphysical levels
Q:
In dealing with which of the following concepts is the most workable approach for understanding self-leadership?
a. attitudes
b. values
c. behaviors
d. beliefs
Q:
Which two self-influence processes make up social cognitive theory?
a. verbal persuasion and performance objections
b. self-analysis and self-leadership
c. triadic reciprocal model and self-efficacy
d. performance history and self-regularity
Q:
What theory suggests that there is influence amongst people, behaviors, and the environment?
a. social cognitive theory
b. self-determination theory
c. self-regulation theory
d. social role theory
Q:
If our actions are strictly for our own benefit, what type of result could occur?
a. supportive environment
b. personal security
c. hostile world in the long run
d. friendly world in the long run
Q:
Examples of negative results from world influences include ______.
a. getting a ticket
b. being dismissed from a job
c. paying a fine
d. all of these
Q:
Rules and laws are a source of influence that comes from ______.
a. persons
b. the world
c. behavior
d. attitude
Q:
Which of the following elements is not a key concept within the triadic reciprocal framework from social cognitive theory?
a. person, behavior, and attitude
b. behavior, environment, and attitude
c. environment, attitude, and person
d. person, behavior, and environment
Q:
Chapter 2: The Context of Self-Leadership: Mapping the Route
Q:
Test Bank
Q:
Discuss self-leadership by defining self-leadership and discussing the what, why, and how of self-leadership.
Q:
Discuss the various different ways that leadership has been conceived in the literature. In addition, provide a general definition of leadership that encompasses what leadership is.
Q:
Describe the basic tenets of social cognitive theory and intrinsic motivation theoryspecifically focusing on the role that these theories have in laying a foundation for self-leadership.