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Q:
In the future, self-leadership research will need to ______.
a. tap the unconscious processes and powers of the mind
b. continue the emphasis on physical behavior
c. continue the emphasis on mental behavior
d. continue the emphasis on physical and mental behavior
Q:
The process by which persons are connected to sophisticated monitors of the human bodily functions that provide feedback regarding physical processes is ______.
a. biofeedback
b. mental feedback
c. physical feedback
d. living feedback
Q:
Socially responsible leadership focuses on?
a. personal, environmental, and professional outcomes
b. team, environmental, and financial outcomes
c. social, organizational, and individual outcomes
d. social, environmental, and financial outcomes
Q:
Shared leadership involves ______.
a. being on charge of the planning and the work
b. making the decisions for everyone
c. engaging knowledge, skills, and abilities of others
d. being influenced by others
Q:
The ultimate goal of SuperLeadership is ______.
a. to increase your own self-leadership
b. to increase others self-leadership
c. to increase your positive thoughts
d. to increase team self-leadership
Q:
If Bob is assisting others to become their own primary source of goals, rewards, work enjoyment, opportunities and more, he is engaging in ______.
a. self-leadership
b. participative leadership
c. SuperLeadership
d. external leadership
Q:
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement of self-leadership effort?
a. Your outlook has really improved.
b. You need to set goals for yourself.
c. You need to use positive rewards.
d. You need to not think in dysfunctional manners.
Q:
Procedures for managers to help employees better manage themselves include:
a. setting a good example
b. guidance
c. reinforcement of self-leadership
d. all of these
Q:
The four Ss of twisted leadership do not include ______.
a. self
b. super
c. single
d. shared
Q:
Explain the role of self-leadership strategies in nonmanagement work. How could the individuals in the more participatory work environments use self-leadership strategies?
Q:
Discuss the relationships that have been examined between self-leadership and the Big 5 personality traits? What do these findings show in relationships to self-leadership?
Q:
Explain the role of self-leadership strategies in various athletic endeavors. What self-leadership strategies can impact success in athletics to varying degrees?
Q:
Identify what a protean career is and how self-leadership strategies can influence this career. How can the protean career play a role in a worklife balance?
Q:
Individuals come from a variety of diverse backgrounds. With specific importance to self-leadership, how have different age groups, genders, and cultures embraced engagement in self-leadership strategies?
Q:
Describe what is meant by the concept of individual differences. What are some examples of items that can be individual differences? Are self-leadership abilities something that is an individual difference? If so, please explain why.
Q:
Self-leadership is important for nonmanagement employees.
Q:
Self-leadership is not of importance when individuals are placed in uniquely autonomous jobs.
Q:
The most common self-leadership strategies for improving athletic performance that have been used are self-goal setting and mental imagery.
Q:
Self-leadership has been shown to positively relate to and improve weight loss, eating problems, and smoking problems.
Q:
A protean career is another name for a traditional career path.
Q:
There has been a significant relationship that has been found, showing that males are more likely to engage in self-leadership strategies than females.
Q:
The relationship between self-leadership and extraversion has been consistently found to be the strongest between self-leadership and the Big 5 personality traits.
Q:
Individual differences are any item on which different people can have different characteristics.
Q:
Which productivity problems may be solved using self-leadership skills? a. pay b. monotony of work c. personal effectiveness d. managing time
Q:
The increase in ______ has placed a greater importance on the usage of self-leadership skills.
a. self-managed teams
b. globalization
c. multinational corporations
d. crisis teams
Q:
Which problems related to management may self-leadership skills be applied to?
a. stress
b. personal effectiveness
c. managing time
d. all of these
Q:
A particularly interesting example that is challenging and invites the usage of self-leadership skills according to the text is ______.
a. sales
b. entrepreneurship
c. management
d. R and D
Q:
Which of the following self-leadership strategies can be useful when working in an autonomous job setting?
a. setting personal goals and self-punishment
b. rehearsing sales presentations
c. seeking natural rewards of the job and using self-punishment
d. setting personal goals, rehearsing sales presentations, and seeking natural rewards of the job
Q:
Which of the following self-leadership strategies has been shown to be useful for swimmers preparing for the feeling of the water, strokes, and breathing before the race?
a. thought patterns
b. mental imagery
c. beliefs and assumption
d. self-talk
Q:
Which of the following self-leadership strategies can be most useful in improving free throw shooting for a basketball player?
a. self-observation
b. self-talk
c. self-goal-setting
d. self-reward
Q:
Some of the self-leadership choices when we select an organization for our work are ______.
a. social responsibility
b. personal outcomes
c. ethical standards
d. all of these
Q:
The use of which of the following self-leadership strategies can be useful in completing a mile in a specific time for a runner?
a. self-observation
b. self-goal-setting
c. self-punishment
d. self-reward
Q:
An area of research that has taken self-leadership strategies and applied them to sports is sports ______.
a. self-leadership
b. psychology
c. self-influence
d. personalities
Q:
Taylor Swift exhibited which of the following self-leading principles?
a. negative cues
b. purpose
c. defending herself
d. avoiding difficult tasks
Q:
What types of personal problems have been used to alter dysfunctional, habitual behaviors?
a. weight loss and eating problems
b. eating problems
c. smoking problems and eating problems
d. weight loss, weight problems, and smoking problems
Q:
Which of the following can be used to help create a better work-family balance?
a. self-leadership
b. protean career
c. personality
d. locus of control
Q:
An example of a person in a highly autonomous position is ______.
a. factory worker
b. hospital nurse
c. car mechanic
d. entrepreneur
Q:
A boundaryless career is also known as a ______.
a. protean career
b. traditional career
c. self-leadership
d. directed career
Q:
What is an example of self-leadership in athletes?
a. focus on negative cues
b. focus of winning
c. focus of process goals
d. focus of the opponents
Q:
Which of the following demonstrates self-leadership for personal problems?
a. imaging successful assertiveness
b. using negative statements to decrease weight
c. watching TV to control smoking
d. laughing at mean people
Q:
Which of the five cultural dimensions are likely to lead to individuals engaging in self-leadership?
a. individualism and power distance
b. masculinity and power distance
c. uncertainty avoidance and individualism
d. All of Hofstedes cultural dimensions are likely to influence engagement in self-leadership.
Q:
Self-leadership in a masculine culture may be motivated by which of the following?
a. material outcomes and enhancing relationships
b. economic outcomes and enhancing relationships
c. material outcomes and economic outcomes
d. enhancing relationships
Q:
Which of the following groups is more likely according to research to engage in self-leadership strategies?
a. males
b. females
c. neither
d. There has not been definitive research showing that one group is more likely to engage in self-leadership.
Q:
Which of the following groups is more likely according to research to engage in self-leadership strategies?
a. young people
b. older people
c. middle-aged people
d. elderly people
Q:
An individual who prefers a highly structured and non-autonomous job situation would be likely to engage in which of the following?
a. low self-leadership
b. moderate self-leadership
c. high self-leadership
d. no self-leadership
Q:
Which of the following would represent an individual who is a natural self-leader?
a. high self-monitor
b. low self-monitor
c. external locus of control
d. low conscientiousness
Q:
Which of the following statement describes a set of preference dyads for MBTI?
a. extraverts and perceivers
b. thinkers and feelers
c. sensing and judging
d. introverts and intuitives
Q:
Which of the following personality types on the Myers-Briggs Type indicator would they be most likely to benefit from utilizing self-leadership skills?
a. ESTJ
b. INFP
c. INTP
d. ESTP
Q:
The Big 5 personality trait that has been consistently shown to have a particularly strong relationship with self-leadership is ______.
a. conscientiousness
b. extraversion
c. openness to experience
d. agreeableness
Q:
Self-leadership can change which of the following?
a. optimism and happiness
b. personality traits
c. personality traits
d. gender, age, and cultural background
Q:
A relatively stable pattern of traits and characteristics that help shape a persons behavior and make them unique is:
a. experience
b. individual differences
c. personality
d. self-leadership skills
Q:
Which of the following would be an example of individual differences?
a. work experience and educational background
b. educational background and age
c. age and gender
d. age, gender, work experience, and educational background
Q:
Any characteristic that can be different between two people is called a(n) ______.
a. personality trait
b. individual difference
c. experience
d. self-leadership
Q:
Out of which area of research has the field of psychological flow developed? a. social cognitive theory b. social role theory c. positive psychology d. intrinsic motivation theory
Q:
Engaging in self-leadership strategies to learn optimism can have direct bearing on success in life areas such as ______.
a. work and school
b. work and sports
c. work, school, and sports
d. school and sports
Ans: C
27 Viktor E. Frankl developed ______ as a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps.
a. tragic optimism
b. mental models
c. extrinsic rewards
d. practice
Ans: A
Q:
How do self-leadership strategies influence the degree to which individuals use either optimistic or pessimistic explanatory styles? How can self-leadership skills be used to help learn optimistic thought patterns?
Q:
Explain how self-leadership strategies can be used to help influence your happiness and flow. How is self-leadership used to help create and protect your own personal happiness? What is the interaction between these three concepts?
Q:
Describe the manner and give examples in which some of the following self-leadership strategies can be used to lead to better fitness and health for individuals. Choose from the following self-leadership strategies and discuss how three of them lead to better fitness and health: self-observation, finding natural rewards, mental imagery, self-talk, self-goal-setting, and beliefs.
Q:
Explain how self-leadership strategies can be used to help individuals cope with stress. What mediating mechanisms can be used to help alleviate stress in this process, and how are these mediating variables different from one another?
Q:
Compare and contrast between emotional intelligence and emotional self-leadership. What are the basic tenets of each of these areas, and where do they differ?
Q:
Happiness is a fleeting and uncontrollable emotion, to a large extent.
Q:
Engaging in constructive thought and natural reward strategies can ultimately lead to happiness by creating a positive psychological flow.
Q:
The engagement in self-leadership strategies, particularly constructive thought strategies, can lead to an increased optimistic explanatory style.
Q:
The only mediating mechanism through which self-leadership can help facilitate stress coping is through an increase in positive emotions.
Q:
Emotional intelligence and self-leadership are opposing concepts that do not work together to help people manage their emotions.
Q:
Emotional self-leadership strategies can be applied in difficult emotional situations in ways that reduce negative emotional experiences and dysfunctional behaviors.
Q:
Within a self-leadership and fitness framework, increased fitness can lead to increased usage in self-leadership strategies.
Q:
Research has shown that the relationship between fitness and job performance is limited to people with physically demanding jobs.
Q:
Out of which area of research has the field of psychological flow developed?
a. social cognitive theory
b. social role theory
c. positive psychology
d. intrinsic motivation theory
Q:
Effective use of self-leadership can be used to experience ______.
a. psychological flow and happiness
b. psychological flow
c. psychological flow, happiness, and personal satisfaction
d. personal satisfaction and happiness
Q:
Increasing individual happiness can be done through the application of ______.
a. creativity
b. persistence
c. humor
d. all of these
Q:
Flow occurs when goals are ______.
a. clear, provide immediate feedback, and are extremely challenging
b. clear, provide immediate feedback, and are challenge equivalent to individuals capacity to perform
c. vague, provide feedback, and are challenging
d. clear and extremely challenging
Q:
27 Viktor E. Frankl developed ______ as a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps. a. tragic optimism b. mental models c. extrinsic rewards d. practice
Q:
People with pessimistic explanatory styles tend to see bad events around them as ______.
a. personal, temporary, and pervasive
b. impersonal, temporary, and pervasive
c. personal, permanent, and specific
d. personal, permanent, and pervasive
Q:
Which self-leadership strategies can be used to have the most impact on changing pessimistic explanatory thoughts into optimistic explanatory styles?
a. disputing negative self-talk, engaging in functional self-dialogue, visualizing success
b. self-goal-setting, removing negative cues, increasing positive cues
c. self-goal-setting and self-observation
d. focusing on natural rewards, self-goal-setting, and visualizing success
Q:
Individuals who have an optimistic explanatory style tend to not view bad events in their lives as ______.
a. temporary
b. pervasive
c. specific
d. impersonal
Q:
Which of the following types of self-leadership strategies can be used to reframe threat assessments as challenge assessments, resulting in more emotions that are positive and a greater ability to cope with stress?
a. positive self-talk
b. removal of negative cues
c. visualizing successful outcomes
d. challenge dysfunctional beliefs
Q:
All of the following are types of psychological stress and stress assessments except ______.
a. threat
b. harm/loss
c. challenge
d. hurt
Q:
What is the type of psychological stress assessment when a person perceives that an injury or loss has already occurred?
a. threat
b. harm/loss
c. challenge
d. hurt
Q:
Which of these are not a kind of effective stress coping?
a. extreme thinking
b. positive reappraisal
c. goal-directed problem-focused
d. infusion of positive meaning