Q&A Hero

Q: The relational model's foundation is a mathematical concept known as a________________ .

Q: A(n)____________ is the conceptual organization of an entire database as viewed by a database administrator.

Q: A(n)_____________ in a hierarchical model is the equivalent of a record in a file system.

Q: A(n) ________________is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization.

Q: A(n)____________ is a relatively simple representation of more complex real-world data structures.

Q: An internal___________ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.a. tuple b. schemac. object d. value

Q: The__________ model is the end users' view of the data environment.a. abstract b. externalc. conceptual d. internal

Q: One of the limitations of the_________ model is that there is a lack of standards.a. hierarchical b. networkc. relational d. entity relationship

Q: The__________ data model uses the concept of inheritance.a. relational b. networkc. object-oriented d. entity relationship

Q: The________ data model is said to be a semantic data model.a. relational b. networkc. object-oriented d. entity relationship

Q: Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases?a. They do not support distributed database architectures. b. They are not based on the relational model.c. They are geared toward transaction consistency rather sparse data.d. They do not support very large amounts of than performance.

Q: The model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.a. relational b. networkc. object-oriented d. entity relationship

Q: NoSQL databases:a. are geared toward transaction consistency; not performance. b. support only small amounts of sparse data.c. are based on the relational model. d. provide fault tolerance.

Q: Which of the following is a disadvantage of the hierarchical data model?a. It does not promote data sharing. b. It is not efficient with 1:M relationships.c. It does not promote data integrity. d. It does not have standards.

Q: Which of the following types of HDFS nodes acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS?a. Data node b. Client nodec. Name node d. Map node

Q: Which of the following types of HDFS nodes stores all the metadata about a file system?a. Data node b. Client nodec. Name node d. Map node

Q: A(n)___________ enables a database administrator to describe schema components.a. extensible markup language (XML) b. data definition language (DDL)c. unified modeling language (UML) d. query language

Q: The__________ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text.a. hierarchical b. networkc. object-oriented d. entity relationship

Q: In the____________ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent.a. hierarchical b. networkc. object-oriented d. entity relationship

Q: The relational data model was developed in the_______ . a. 1960s b. 1970sc. 1980s d. 1990s

Q: In the_______ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.a. hierarchical b. networkc. relational d. entity relationship

Q: In the model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.a. hierarchical b. networkc. relational d. entity relationship

Q: MySQL is an example of the____________ .a. hierarchical model b. file system data modelc. relational data model d. XML data model

Q: Oracle 11g is an example of the____________ .a. hierarchical model b. file system data modelc. relational data model d. XML/Hybrid data model

Q: VMS/VSAM is an example of the_______________ .a. hierarchical model b. file system data modelc. relational data model d. XML data model

Q: The object-oriented data model was developed in the__________ . a. 1960s b. 1970sc. 1980s d. 1990s

Q: The hierarchical data model was developed in the _____________. a. 1960s b. 1970sc. 1980s d. 1990s

Q: A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n)___________ in the data model.a. entity b. attributec. relationship d. constraint

Q: A noun in a business rule translates to a(n)________ in the data model.a. entity b. attributec. relationship d. constraint

Q: Which of the following is true of business rules? a. They allow the designer to set company policies with regard to data. b. They allow the designer to develop business processes. c. They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers. d. They provide a framework for the company's self-actualization.

Q: From a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined_____.a. business rulesb. business normsc. business goalsd. business plans

Q: Students and classes have a ____________relationship.a. one-to-one b. one-to-manyc. many-to-one d. many-to-many

Q: _____________are normally expressed in the form of rules.a. Attributes b. Entitiesc. Relationships d. Constraints

Q: _____________are important because they help to ensure data integrity.a. Attributes b. Entitiesc. Relationships d. Constraints

Q: A(n)__________ is a restriction placed on the data.a. attribute b. entityc. relationship d. constraint

Q: A(n)_________ is bidirectional.a. attribute b. entityc. relationship d. constraint

Q: A(n)_______ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.a. attribute b. entityc. relationship d. constraint

Q: A(n)_________ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.a. attribute b. entityc. relationship d. constraint

Q: A(n)___________ represents a particular type of object in the real world.a. attribute b. entityc. relationship d. node

Q: A(n)________ 's main function is to help one understand the complexities of the realworld environment.a. node b. entityc. model d. database

Q: The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent. a. True b. False

Q: The hierarchical model is software-independent.a. Trueb. False

Q: The external model is the representation of the database as "seen" by the DBMS. a. True b. False

Q: The network model has structural level dependence. a. True b. False

Q: Today, most relational database products can be classified as object/relational. a. True b. False

Q: M:N relationships are not appropriate in a relational model. a. True b. False

Q: In Chen notation, entities and relationships have to be oriented horizontally; not vertically. a. True b. False

Q: Each row in the relational table is known as an entity instance or entity occurrence in the ER model. a. True b. False

Q: A disadvantage of the relational database management system (RDBMS) is its inability to hide the complexities of the relational model from the user. a. True b. False

Q: In an SQL-based relational database, rows in different tables are related based on common values in common attributes. a. True b. False

Q: In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on every other table.a. Trueb. False

Q: Business rules must be rendered in writing. a. True b. False

Q: Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories. a. True b. False

Q: Database designers determine the data and information that yield the required understanding of the entire business. a. True b. False

Q: In the context of data models, an entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored. a. True b. False

Q: Even when a good database blueprint is available, an applications programmer's view of the data should match that of the manager and the end user. a. True b. False

Q: Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures with the purpose of supporting a specific problem domain. a. True b. False

Q: An implementation-ready data model should contain a description of the data structure that will store the end-user data. a. True b. False

Q: An implementation-ready data model needn't necessarily contain enforceable rules to guarantee the integrity of the data. a. True b. False

Q: A data model is usually graphical. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss any three functions performed by the DBMS that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database.

Q: What are the disadvantages of database systems?

Q: Describe the five types of users identified in a database system.

Q: What are the problems associated with file systems? How do they challenge the types of information that can be created from the data as well as the accuracy of the information?

Q: What are some reasons for studying file systems?

Q: Discuss some considerations when designing a database.

Q: What are the advantages of having the DBMS between the end user's applications and the database?

Q: Describe what metadata are and what value they provide to the database system.

Q: ________________relates to activities that make a database operate more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

Q: The DBMS uses the_______________ to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex relationships in each program.

Q: A(n)____________ develops when all required changes in the redundant data are not made successfully.

Q: ______________exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.

Q: _______________exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.

Q: The term______________ refers to scattered locations storing the same basic data.

Q: ________________exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting an application program's ability to access data.

Q: A(n)______________ is a spur-of-the-moment question.

Q: __________________-is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.

Q: _________________databases focus primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make tactical or strategic decisions.

Q: A(n)_________________ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.

Q: A(n)_____________________ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.