Q&A Hero

Q: _____ is the use of a collection of computers, often owned by many people or different organizations, to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem.a. Cloud computing b. Grid computingc. Parallel computing d. Utility computing

Q: A type of memory that loses its contents if the power is turned off is said to be _____.a. multicore b. arbitraryc. assessable d. volatile

Q: The _____ is the part of the central processing unit (CPU) thatsequentially accesses programinstructions, decodes them, and coordinatesthe flow of data in and out of thearithmetic/logic unit (ALU).a. register unit b. primary unitc. control unit d. main memory unit

Q: Which of the following is a primary element of thecentral processing unit (CPU)?a. Blade servers b. Motherboardsc. Storage registers d. Data centers

Q: Most software products are free from copyright or licensing provisions and allows copying of software. a. True b. False

Q: Software upgrades vary widely in the benefits that they provide, and what some people call a benefit others might call a drawback. a. True b. False

Q: Today, programmers often use visual and object-oriented languages to write new business applications. a. True b. False

Q: Cloud computing refers to the use of computing resources, including software and data storage, on local computers. a. True b. False

Q: There are Web-based productivity software suites that require no installation on the computer. a. True b. False

Q: A software suite is a collection of programs packaged together as a bundle and typically includes a word processor, spreadsheet program, graphics program, and more. a. True b. False

Q: Software as a Service (SaaS)allows businesses to subscribe to Web-delivered application software by paying a monthly service charge or a per use fee. a. True b. False

Q: Application software applies the power of a computer to give individuals, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific tasks. a. True b. False

Q: Middleware is software that allows various systems to communicate and exchange data. a. True b. False

Q: Utility programs help to perform maintenance, correct problems, merge and sort sets of data, keep track of computer jobs, and compress files of data. a. True b. False

Q: Individuals and organizations can use the open-source Linux code to create their own distribution of Linux. a. True b. False

Q: An operating system with multiuser capabilities allows two or more users to run programs at the same time on the same computer. a. True b. False

Q: The operating system controls how memory is accessed and maximizes available memory and storage. a. True b. False

Q: To run, applications request services from the operating system through a defined application program interface(API). a. True b. False

Q: Information systems that operate within the workgroup sphere of influence support a firm in its interaction with customers, suppliers, shareholders, competitors, special-interest groups, the financial community, and government agencies. a. True b. False

Q: Application software is a set of programs designed to coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and various programs throughout the computer system. a. True b. False

Q: As the differenceamong computer manufacturers in the arenas of price and performancenarrows, support for greencomputing is emerging as a new business strategy for these companies to distinguishthemselves from the competition. a. True b. False

Q: Organic light-emittingdiode (OLED) monitors use less power than light-emittingdiode (LED) monitors. a. True b. False

Q: Optical markrecognition (OMR) is a technology from the 1950s still used to speed up the processing of checks. a. True b. False

Q: The overall trend in secondary storage is toward use of indirect access methods and increased volatility. a. True b. False

Q: With the redundant array of independent/inexpensive disks (RAID) approach, data can be split and stored on different physical disk drives using a technique called mirroring to evenly distribute the data. a. True b. False

Q: Disk mirroring is a method of storing data that generates extra bits of data from existing data, allowing the system to create a "reconstruction map" so that if a hard drive fails, it can rebuild lost data. a. True b. False

Q: Compared to secondary storage,main memory offers the advantages of non-volatility, greater capacity, and greater economy. a. True b. False

Q: A multicore microprocessor combines two or more independent processors into a single computer so that they can share the workload and boost processing capacity. a. True b. False

Q: RAM stands for random access memory, a form of memory that holds its contents even if the current is turned off or disrupted. a. True b. False

Q: The clock speed of a central processing unit (CPU) is independent of machine cycle time. a. True b. False

Q: The components responsible for processingthe central processing unit (CPU) and memoryare housed together in the same box or cabinet, called the system unit. a. True b. False

Q: The ability to process (organize and manipulate) data is a small aspect of a computer system. a. True b. False

Q: Because of theelectromechanical processes involved in using primary storage, itis considerably slower than secondary storage. a. True b. False

Q: When making hardware decisions, the overriding considerations of a business should be technology cost. a. True b. False

Q: Explain the role of a chief information officer (CIO).

Q: What is competitive advantage? Identify Porter's five forces that cause firms to seek competitive advantage.

Q: Define organizational change. What is Leavitt's diamond?

Q: Define the term information system and briefly identify its fundamental components.

Q: Briefly distinguish between data, information, and knowledge.

Q: _____ is a process for testing skills and knowledge resulting in an endorsement by the certifying authority that an individual is capable of performing particular tasks or jobs.

Q: The internal rate of return of an investment is the rate of return that makes the net present value of all _____ cash flows (benefits and costs) generated by a project equal to zero.

Q: The _____ takes into account the fact that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar paid in the future.

Q: One of the factors that can lead to attaining a competitive advantage is the _____ among existing competitors.

Q: A(n) _____ is a significant and ideally long-term benefit to a company over its competition, and can result in higher-quality products, better customer service, and lower costs.

Q: _____ is a theory thatproposes that every organizational system is made up of four maincomponentspeople, tasks, structure, and technologywith an interactionamong the four components so that any change in one of these elements willnecessitate a change in the other three elements.

Q: The _____ is a theory developed by E.M. Rogers to explain how a new idea or product gains acceptance and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or subset of an organization.

Q: _____ results in enhancements to existing products, services, and ways of operating andenables an organizationto continually increase profits, lower costs, and gain market share.

Q: In a manufacturing organization, the _____ is a key value chainwhose primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics,marketing and sales, and service.

Q: _____is a strategy by which an organization determinedly and systematicallygathers, organizes, stores, analyzes, and shares its collective knowledge andexperience.

Q: The primary benefits of implementing an _____ system include easing adoption of improved work processes and increasing access to timely data for decision making.

Q: Workers in many organizations operate in a(n) _____ environment in which software and data storage are provided by the Internet;the services are run on another organization's computer hardware,and both software and data are easily accessed.

Q: An approach to work called _____ enables people to work from home or while traveling.

Q: The _____ phase of systems development involvesinstalling a new system into the actual productioncomputer environment in which it is expected to run and resolvingany problems uncovered in integration and testing.

Q: _____ is the activity of creating or modifying information systems.

Q: _____ is a newer form of virtual reality that has the potential to superimpose digital data over real photos or images.

Q: The collection of rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed by an expert system to achieve value or the proper outcome is contained in the expert system's _____.

Q: _____ allow computers to learn from past mistakes or experiences, such as playing games or making business decisions.

Q: A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people, processes, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers.

Q: The use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business is called _____.

Q: _____ involves any business transaction executedelectronically between companies (business-to-business, or B2B), companiesand consumers (business-to-consumer, or B2C), consumers and otherconsumers (consumer-to-consumer, or C2C), business and the public sector,and consumers and the public sector.

Q: The technology used to create the Internet is also being applied within companies and organizations to create _____, which allow people in an organization to exchange information and work on projects.

Q: The _____ is the world's largest computer network, consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.

Q: In information systems, _____ means converting or transforming data into useful outputs.

Q: Predicting future events to avoid problems is called _____.

Q: _____ is responsible for implementing a new information systems required to support an organization's existing and future business needs.a. An operations group b. A development groupc. A support group d. The chief technology officer

Q: The _____ visa program allows skilled employees from foreign lands into the United States.a. H-1B b. L-1Bc. B-1 d. V-1A

Q: The _____ is the number of years required to recover the initial cost of an investment.a. cash flow b. payback periodc. internal rate duration d. time value point

Q: An agreement between two or more companies that involves the joint introduction and distribution of goods and services is called ______.a. niche alliance b. cost leadershipc. strategic partnership d. differentiation partnership

Q: _____ is a strategy for gaining competitive advantage wherein a company strives to deliver distinct products and services.a. Cost leadership b. Differentiationc. Niche strategy d. Structure alteration

Q: Michael Porter proposed a now widely accepted competitive forces model that includes _____ forces.a. three b. fourc. five d. six

Q: The _____ of an investment makes the net present value of all cash flows (benefits and costs) generated by a project equal to zero.a. payback period b. earnings growthc. time value of money d. internal rate of return

Q: _____ deals with how firms successfully plan for and implement reforms.a. Forecasting b. Transaction processingc. Systems development d. Organizational change

Q: In some cases, inaccurate information is generated because inaccuratedata is fed into the transformation process.This is commonly called _____.a. last in, first out (LIFO) b. garbage in, garbage out(GIGO)c. first in, first out (FIFO) d. first in, never out (FINO)

Q: A(n) _____ can replace many applications with one unified set of programs, making the system easier to use and more effective.a. transaction processing system b. enterprise resource planning systemc. e-commerce system d. decision support system

Q: A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to perform and record business deals.a. decision support system (DSS) b. management information system (MIS)c. enterprise resource planning (ERP) system d. transaction processing system (TPS)

Q: The goal of the _____ step of systems development is to gain a clear understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity to be addressed.a. systems analysis b. systems investigationc. systems design d. systems implementation

Q: Hiring an outside company to perform some or all of a systems development project is called _____a. virtual reality b. telecommutingc. systems investigation d. outsourcing

Q: _____ is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to recognize and act on patterns or trends.a. Vision systems b. Neural networksc. Robotic systems d. Natural language processing

Q: A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people,procedures, software, databases, and devices that stores and retrievesknowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, captures anduses knowledge.a. artificial intelligence system b. expert knowledge systemc. virtual reality system d. knowledge management system

Q: A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that support problem-specific decision making.a. problem solving system b. expert systemc. decision support system d. knowledge base