Q&A Hero

Q: _____ refers to a person's ability to manage multiple tasks and to consistently meet deadlines.

Q: A(n) _____ is the overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return.

Q: Which of the following is a dysfunctional behavior? a. Absenteeism b. Organizational commitment c. Organizational citizenship d. Conscientiousness e. Creative behavior

Q: _____ are work-related behaviors that can be derived from the psychological contract. a. Performance behaviors b. Withdrawal behaviors c. Dysfunctional behaviors d. Personal behaviors e. Creative behaviors

Q: _____ is a spontaneous breakthrough that occurs after the preparation and incubation phases of the creative process. a. Burnout b. Insight c. Verification d. Perception e. Attribution

Q: _____ is an individual's power to think intelligently and to analyze situations and data effectively. a. Selective perception b. Positive affectivity c. Cognitive ability d. Creativity e. Attribution

Q: Gerald assumes the Lucy is a poor performer and never takes her work seriously, based on his previous experiences. In spite of exhibiting better performances in other projects, he refuses to work with her based on his assumptions. Gerald's behavior is an example of _____. a. selective perception b. positive affectivity c. organizational citizenship d. external locus of control e. negative emotionality

Q: Which of the following is a basic perceptual process? a. Cognitive dissonance b. Inducement c. Machiavellianism d. Stereotyping e. Negative emotionality

Q: _____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute. a. Cognitive dissonance b. Stereotyping c. Machiavellianism d. Inducement e. Negative emotionality

Q: A change is initiated in the psychological contract between an employee and an organization if: a. the employee is satisfied with his performance. b. the organization achieves a perfect person-job fit. c. the organization sees an imbalance. d. the employee perceives it to be fair. e. the organization perceive it to be equitable.

Q: An organization is said to achieve a perfect person-job fit if: a. it can meet the person's needs irrespective of his ability to contribute to it. b. it can measure the performance dimensions of an employee. c. it can create a psychological contract with a prospecting individual. d. it can make approximations of employee skill levels and improve them. e. it can take advantage of the person's abilities and exactly fulfill his needs.

Q: Personal attributes that vary from one person to another are called _____. a. individual differences b. organizational inducements c. employee contributions d. stressors e. psychological contracts

Q: The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization is called as _____. a. individual difference b. organizational inducement c. employee contribution d. person-job fit e. psychological contract

Q: _____ is a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task. a. Openness. b. Self-efficacy c. Locus of control d. Risk propensity e. Authoritarianism

Q: Compared to extraverts, intraverts are more: a. sociable. b. worn out by others. c. open to establishing new relationships. d. talkative. e. assertive.

Q: _____ is the extent to which a person experiences anxiety or is poised, calm, resilient, and secure. a. Agreeableness b. Conscientiousness c. Neuroticism d. Extraversion e. Openness

Q: Martha Sizemore, a senior analyst at BigWorks Inc., remains calm and poised in spite of being scrutinized for the errors made by her subordinates. Her ways of handling stress portray that Martha has _____. a. the ability to think divergently b. a Type B personality c. an authoritarian personality d. a personality low in neuroticism e. a highly conscientious personality

Q: Identify the personality trait that is included in the Big Five Model of personality. a. Self-esteem b. Authoritarianism c. Self-efficacy d. Agreeableness e. Locus of control

Q: Patricia, a joyful personality, is disgruntled on hearing that Terry, a subordinate, has moved ahead of her for a promotion. Realizing that Terry has been rewarded for his potential, she congratulates him and returns to her normal self. Patricia's mood swing portrays a high degree of _____. a. authoritarianism b. self-efficacy c. positive affectivity d. cognitive dissonance e. neuroticism

Q: A tendency to be generally downbeat and pessimistic, and seeming to be in a bad mood is called _____. a. negative affectivity b. self-efficacy c. intraversion d. cognitive dissonance e. neuroticism

Q: A tendency to be relatively upbeat and optimistic, have an overall sense of wellbeing, and to be in a good mood is called _____. a. positive affectivity b. self-efficacy c. intraversion d. cognitive dissonance e. neuroticism

Q: _____ is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work. a. Organizational citizenship b. Job dissatisfaction c. Organizational commitment d. Cognitive dissonance e. Positive affectivity

Q: The conflict individuals may experience among their own attitudes is called _____. a. risk propensity b. emotional intelligence c. organizational commitment d. cognitive dissonance e. negative affectivity

Q: _____ is the extent to which a person behaves in the same way in different situations. a. Consistency b. Distinctiveness c. Consensus d. Positive affectivity e. Attribution

Q: Physical demands are stressors associated with _____. a. decision making b. allotted tasks c. job settings d. role conflict e. role ambiguity

Q: Prolonged exposure to a stressor without resolution can bring on the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). a. exhaustion b. resistance c. alarm d. burnout e. conflict

Q: Anne, a software programmer at Mont Inc., tries to rectify a programming module that stressed her out with unfamiliar issues. According to the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), Anne is in the _____ stage. a. exhaustion b. resistance c. alarm d. burnout e. conflict

Q: _____ is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome. a. Exhaustion b. Resistance c. Alarm d. Burnout e. Conflict

Q: The creative process typically begins with a period of _____. a. cognitive dissonance b. verification c. insight d. preparation e. incubation

Q: The _____ stage of the creativity process determines the validity or truthfulness of an insight. a. preparation b. incubation c. insight d. verification e. cognitive dissonance

Q: Organizations can benefit from turnovers if: a. the individuals who quit have to be replaced immediately. b. they are trying to cut costs. c. turnovers involve productive people. d. the current unemployment rates are high. e. a good person-job fit is the cause for a turnover.

Q: Which of the following is an example of dysfunctional behavior? a. Agreeableness b. Extraversion c. Racial harassment d. Cognitive dissonance e. Organizational citizenship

Q: _____ are the total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display. a. Performance behaviors b. Withdrawal behaviors c. Dysfunctional behaviors d. Cognitive dissonance e. Machiavellianism

Q: Individual behavior that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization is called _____. a. performance behavior b. positive inducement c. motivational behavior d. organizational citizenship e. perceptive contribution

Q: Lucy's work is above average as far as quality and quantity of production goes; however, she refuses to do anything beyond the strict performance of her required job tasks. This is an example of a. cognitive dissonance. b. a Type B personality. c. poor organizational citizenship. d. burnout. e. a person with an external locus of control.

Q: When a manager leaves his or her job to accept a job at another organization, the organization left behind is experiencing: a. cognitive dissonance. b. turnover. c. absenteeism. d. stereotyping. e. burnout.

Q: Jared called in sick so that he could go golfing. Jared's action is an example of: a. turnover. b. role conflict. c. absenteeism. d. organizational citizenship. e. performance behavior.

Q: Frederic is hired as a reporter for a popular news organization. He is expected to write, edit, and proofread stories within deadlines. The organization's expectations are referred to as: a. dysfunctional behaviors. b. performance behaviors. c. withdrawal behaviors. d. psychological behaviors. e. physical behavior.

Q: _____ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness. a. Workplace behavior b. Psychological contract c. Person-job fit d. Cognitive dissonance e. Organizational commitment

Q: Eleanor, a scientist at Medivac Inc., develops a prototype for a new vaccine to determine whether the vaccine works as designed. Eleanor is in the _____ stage of the creative process. a. preparation b. verification c. insight d. incubation e. cognitive dissonance

Q: Periodic Inc. provides formal training to newly recruited Business Developers to guide them in designing new business initiatives. The new recruits are in the _____ stage of the creative process. a. preparation b. incubation c. insight d. verification e. administration

Q: Creativity within organizations can be enhanced by: a. encouraging employees to have less risk propensity. b. making it part of the organization's culture. c. training individuals to have an external locus of control. d. employing only those individuals from environments that nurture creativity. e. setting ambiguous goals and objectives.

Q: _____ thinking is a skill that allows people to see similarities between situations or events. a. Differentiated b. Divergent c. Cognitive d. Creative e. Convergent

Q: Avida Sports developed a sensor system that swimmers wear in the water and get computerized analysis of their stroke. Avida signed an agreement with a swim club to test the product before increasing production. Avida is in the _____ stage of the creative process. a. insight b. incubation c. preparation d. verification e. cognitive dissonance

Q: Identify the personality trait that a creative individual would most likely posses. a. Low agreeableness b. High Machiavellianism c. Negative affectivity d. Intraversion e. Openness

Q: Consequences of organizational stress include _____. a. increased devotion to work b. strong sense of time urgency c. high levels of competitiveness d. higher-quality work outputs e. feelings of exhaustion

Q: Which of the following is a typical cause of task-demand stress? a. Having to work shifts that disrupt normal sleep patterns b. Having to work in an isolated cubicle c. Having to balance work and family d. Having to work in a dangerous environment e. Having to make fast decisions with incomplete information

Q: The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) represents the normal process by which an individual reacts to _____. a. stressfull events b. organizational inducements c. role demands d. attributions e. positive contributions

Q: During surgery, surgeons make quick decisions knowing the consequences of a wrong one. They are most likely to feel stress due to _____. a. task demands b. physical demands c. role demands d. interpersonal demands e. creative demands

Q: The temperature at Nettix Inc. is too cold for Royce to concentrate on his work. This is an example of work-related stressors categorized as _____. a. task demands b. physical demands c. role demands d. interpersonal demands e. client demands

Q: Herman believes he needs balance between work and his personal life. He does not work on weekends but works at a constant pace irrespective of business deadlines. He exhibits a: a. Type A personality. b. feeling of exhaustion. c. dogmatic characteristic. d. Type B personality. e. cognitive dissonance.

Q: Yakov is a Type A person. He is least likely to be _____. a. stressed b. work oriented c. aggressive d. competitive e. patient

Q: Claudia is trying to develop a communications plan for a new plant opening. She puts in many hours of overtime and eventually gives up and goes home without finishing the project. She is most likely in the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). a. resistance b. alarm c. exhaustion d. preparation e. verification

Q: Compared to Type A individuals, Type B individuals are: a. more likely to be aggressive and impatient. b. more devoted to work. c. less likely to experience conflict with other people. d. less likely to have a balanced approach to life. e. less successful.

Q: Jill observes that relationships are very important to Christine and that she will go out of her way to help others. Christine is late for a meeting with Jill, and Jill thinks the delay is due to Christine's generous spirit. Jill's judgement of the cause for Christine's delay is an example of _____. a. attribution b. stereotyping c. selective perception d. positive affectivity e. cognitive dissonance

Q: Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye. He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him. Later, Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye. Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must be intimidating them. Travis makes this attribution based on _____. a. consensus b. consistency c. distinctiveness d. stereotyping e. selective perception

Q: The extent to which other people in the same situation behave in the same way is known as _____. a. consistency b. consensus c. distinctiveness d. stress e. cognitive dissonance

Q: Nadine, a manager, observes that every time one of her subordinates, Peter, calls in sick, it is the day after she has made a decision Peter did not agree with. She attributes his absences to stress or resentment on his part. Nadine makes this attribution based on _____. a. consensus b. consistency c. distinctiveness d. turnover e. absenteeism

Q: Fred has seen some movies depicting wars that took place in Iraqall directed by womenwhich were so inaccurate that he refuses to see another war movie. Fred assumes that women are incapable of creating war movies. Fred's assumptions are an example of _____. a. stereotyping b. conscientiousness c. extraversion d. introversion e. authoritarianism

Q: Some smokers block out negative information about the health effects of smoking because they do not want to change their behavior. This is an example of _____. a. selective perception b. attribution c. objective reality d. stereotyping e. negative affectivity

Q: Individuals become aware of and interpret information about their environment through a set of processes called _____. a. general adaptation syndrome b. perception c. objective reality d. stereotyping e. burnout

Q: Steve Perez, a senior manager at Lanset Inc., is satisfied to contribute to his organization in spite of receiving a lower salary than what other organizations might offer him. Steve's attitude reflects his _____. a. organizational commitment b. authoritarian behavior c. negative affectivity d. selective perceptions e. locus of control

Q: Chandra has been a bank manager at the same bank for 35 years. She is vital to the bank and has a high level of autonomy and variety in her work. Her organizational commitment is likely to be high due to her _____. a. years with the organization b. dissatisfaction with her work c. negative affectivity d. low organizational citizenship e. cognitive dissonance

Q: A satisfied employee tends to be: a. disrupted from work. b. less productive. c. looking for other jobs. d. more stressed. e. absent less often.

Q: Someone who is content with a low level job, is not confident, and focuses on extrinsic rewards has _____. a. high level of self-awareness b. authoritative characteristics c. high self-efficacy d. external locus of control e. low self-esteem

Q: An individual who experiments with new ideas and gambles on new products is said to have a(n) _____. a. external locus of control b. authoritarian outlook c. Machiavellian personality d. low self-esteem e. high risk propensity

Q: When Caryl feels stress, anxiety, fear, or anger, she prays so that her emotions do not interfere with her work. Afterward she is more productive. Identify the emotional intelligence (EQ) dimension illustrated by Caryl's praying. a. self-awareness b. managing emotions c. risk propensity d. empathy e. social skill

Q: Jessica, a university student, accepts everything Prof. Hendricks has to say solely because he is the professor. It can be inferred that Jessica has _____. a. high self-esteem b. internal locus of control c. low self-efficacy d. a highly authoritarian personality e. a high risk propensity

Q: Christine admires her friend Paul's extraverted nature. She knows that he is always ready to meet with her and other colleagues to share ideas. Christine's knowledge about Paul portrays the _____ component of her attitude. a. affective b. stereotypical c. affirmative d. cognitive e. dissonance

Q: Charlie's belief that only luck determines what happens to him portrays that he has _____. a. high self-esteem. b. low emotional intelligence c. an external locus of control d. authoritarian personality e. low risk propensity

Q: Amelia believes that recreation management, as a specification, can be understood only outside the confines of a classroom. However, she is required to fulfill a certain number of classroom hours to graduate as a recreation specialist. In this scenario, Amelia is likely to experience _____. a. neuroticism b. selective perception c. risk propensity d. cognitive dissonance e. positive affectivity

Q: Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people are known as _____. a. personality attributes b. attitudes c. perceptions d. characteristics e. behaviors

Q: Bernard, a senior manager at Duepoint Inc., manipulates his subordinates to gain personal benefits by promising them false rewards. Bernard's personality trait is an example of _____. a. self-esteem b. conformity c. Machiavellianism d. authoritarianism e. risk propensity

Q: In the Myers-Briggs framework, people who enjoy completion or being finished are typically categorized as _____. a. intuitives b. sensing types c. thinking individuals d. feeling individuals e. judging types

Q: Theresa gets her energy from solitude, prefers detail-oriented concrete projects, and bases her decisions on logical reasoning. Based on the Myers-Briggs framework, Theresa can be differentiated as a(n) _____. a. extrovert b. intuitive c. thinker d. judging type e. perceiving type

Q: James gets his energy from other people, likes the big picture, and completes work before moving on to the next project. His traits illustrate the _____ dimension of the Myers-Briggs framework. a. intraversion b. judging c. sensing d. thinking e. feeling

Q: _____ refers to a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests. a. Self-efficacy b. Openness c. Self-monitoring d. Risk propensity e. Machiavellianism

Q: Doreen often takes up more tasks than she can handle, and becomes disorganized and careless. In this scenario, Doreen portrays _____. a. high risk propensity b. openness to listening c. an internal locus of control d. an external locus of control e. low levels of conscientiousness

Q: When Amy is in a room full of strangers she becomes energized to interact with them. Which of the following personality traits does Amy portray? a. Locus of control b. Extraversion c. Machiavellianism d. Authoritarianism e. Conscientiousness

Q: A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as _____. a. locus of control b. conscientiousness c. Machiavellianism d. authoritarianism e. agreeableness