Q&A Hero

Q: Studies show that the statement, "Happy workers are productive workers," is ________ A) completely false B) completely true C) fairly true D) largely false

Q: Which of the following is typically the most important reason for why managers want to increase positive job attitudes? A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism B) higher rates of turnover and absenteeism C) to decrease worker unhappiness D) to increase worker happiness

Q: After the disappointment of not getting a new position, an employee states, "That job looks like a real headache, anyway." This is an example of ________ to reduce discomfort from dissonance. A) reducing importance B) increasing importance C) reducing influence D) increasing influence

Q: Taking a job in a repressive country that you disapprove of politically might cause discomfort from dissonance unless ________. A) the job suits you well B) the job offers enormous pay C) the job offers little pay D) the job does not suit you well

Q: A person who is experiencing cognitive dissonance might justify the dissonance if he has ________ control over his actions. A) some B) total C) almost total D) little or no

Q: A person who is being hypocritical about something that has high importance in her life would be likely to experience ________ discomfort from cognitive dissonance. A) low B) no C) high D) minimal

Q: The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the factors that can mitigate the discomfort caused by dissonance are ________. A) importance, influence, and rewards B) influence, rewards, and goals C) importance, goals, and status D) influence, reinforcement, and rewards

Q: Cognitive dissonance theory states that a person feels ________ when his or her attitudes and actions don't match. A) comfortable B) uncomfortable C) confused D) confident

Q: Generally, most people try to achieve ________ between their attitudes and their behavior. A) contrast B) synergy C) functionality D) consistency

Q: Which of the following would you expect to see in a company that had highly engaged employees? A) lower employee retention rates B) greater employee retention rates C) a diverse workforce D) a homogeneous workforce

Q: With respect to employee engagement in a job, this seems to be the most important factor to employees around the world. A) base pay B) respect C) benefits D) type of work

Q: An employee who brags about her company to friends and recommends all company products as gifts is likely to have high ________. A) job involvement B) organizational commitment C) personal commitment D) organizational citizenship

Q: The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's ________. A) job involvement B) organizational commitment C) global commitment D) job satisfaction

Q: A manager would most likely be interested in employees' attitudes about which of the following? A) family responsibility B) personal responsibility C) job satisfaction D) past jobs

Q: In everyday use, the term attitude refers only to the ________ component of attitude. A) cognitive B) informational C) behavioral D) affective

Q: After deciding that she likes the architect's new building design this morning, this afternoon Wendy has decided to go ahead with the project. Which component of attitude did she use this afternoon? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) emotive D) affective

Q: After carefully examining the architect's plans yesterday, today Wendy has decided that she loves the new design. Which component of forming an attitude did she carry out today? A) cognitive B) affective C) behavioral D) informational

Q: In a short essay, discuss the three sets of variables that have been found to stimulate innovation.

Q: In a short essay, define and discuss creativity and innovation in the workplace.

Q: Idea champions tend to be risk takers.

Q: Time deadlines tend to increase innovation.

Q: Organic organizations tend to inhibit innovation.

Q: Inspiration marks the first step in the creative process.

Q: Creativity is the ability to make unusual and meaningful associations between ideas.

Q: All of the following are common personality characteristics of idea champions EXCEPT ________. A) extremely high self-confidence B) persistence C) energy D) risk aversion

Q: ________ actively support innovation and every step of the process that leads to innovative ideas. A) Idea champions B) Idea managers C) All managers D) Champion managers

Q: Managers who want creative and innovative employees should ________. A) not place much emphasis on goals B) focus on means rather than ends C) focus on ends rather than means D) stress that there is only one path to a goal

Q: An innovative organization needs to tolerate risk because employees ________ the creative process. A) being in physical danger is part of B) being in physical danger is not part of C) making mistakes is not part of D) making mistakes is part of

Q: An innovative organization needs to tolerate ________ because creative ideas sometimes seem foolish at first. A) mismanagement B) the impractical C) conflict D) inefficiency

Q: ________ variables are thought to promote innovation. A) Structural, cultural, and human resource B) Organic, cultural, and tolerant C) Structural, ambiguous, and tolerant D) Cultural, ambiguous, and tolerant

Q: Using the systems model, managers can promote innovation by having the right ________. A) people and inputs B) people and environment C) outputs and resources D) mechanistic management structure

Q: The moment when all prior efforts in the creativity process successfully come together is known as ________. A) perception B) incubation C) inspiration D) innovation

Q: Which of the following steps in the creativity process may take years before the idea finally "gels" and the next step occurs? A) perception B) incubation C) inspiration D) innovation

Q: The first step in creativity involves ________. A) making something useful B) seeing things from a unique perspective C) putting ideas together D) consolidating ideas

Q: Some people believe that creativity is ________, while others think that creativity ________. A) quickly and easily learned; is slowly learned B) a genuine quality; does not really exist C) inborn; can be learned D) learned; is forgotten after childhood

Q: ________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into something useful. A) Innovation B) Imagination C) Creativity D) Inspiration

Q: ________ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas. A) Innovation B) Imagination C) Creativity D) Open-minded thinking

Q: In a short essay, discuss ways that managers can help to reduce stress for their employees that originates outside of the workplace.

Q: In a short essay, discuss ways that managers can help to reduce job-related stress for their employees.

Q: In a short essay, discuss some causes of stress in the workplace.

Q: In a short essay, explain what stress is and how it arises.

Q: An effective way to reduce workplace stress is to make sure that employees are appropriately matched to their jobs.

Q: Managers should aspire to eliminate all stress from the work environment.

Q: Type A personality people find it easy to relax.

Q: Role conflict is created when an employee does not feel confident that he or she can achieve his or her goals.

Q: An employee who feels unsettled because he is not sure what his responsibilities are is experiencing role overload stress.

Q: An employee who feels pressure to keep pace with work quotas is experiencing task demand stress.

Q: Working conditions, in general, do not influence stress.

Q: Stress isn't always bad for an individual.

Q: Workplace stress in some countries has been linked to employee death.

Q: Stress can arise from an opportunity.

Q: What is the purpose of employee assistance programs (EAPs)? A) to help employees with their diets B) to help lower employee task demands C) to get employees back to being productive D) to help minorities cope with potential discrimination

Q: Studies show that ________ personalities show negative effects from stress. A) Type A B) Type B C) neither Type A nor Type B D) both Type A and Type B

Q: Stress from an employee's personal life can best be helped by this. A) job redesign B) MBO C) employee assistance programs D) performance planning programs

Q: Job redesigns are good ways to reduce stress that employees feel from ________. A) work overload or boredom B) work overload only C) boredom only D) boredom overload

Q: To reduce stress, managers need to make sure that employees ________. A) have jobs that match their abilities B) maximize their productivity C) don't work too many hours D) don't work too few hours

Q: A key to dealing with stress is to recognize that all stress ________. A) leads to dysfunctional work behavior B) can be eliminated from an employee's life C) cannot be eliminated from an employee's life D) originates on the job

Q: Kara is a very relaxed, easygoing person who appears to have all the time in the world. She is never too busy to stop and chat for a moment. Kara has which of the following? A) Type A personality B) Type B personality C) both Type A and Type B personalities D) neither Type A nor Type B personality

Q: George constantly strives to excel. He must always get the highest grade in the class and has a sense of urgency about him at all times. George probably has which of the following? A) Type A personality B) Type B personality C) both Type A and Type B personalities D) neither Type A nor Type B personality

Q: Anika loves being a professional dancer, but she feels stress from the tension-packed, high-pressure, fear-filled demands of helping motivate members of her group. She is likely to be experiencing stress from ________. A) too much autonomy B) organizational leadership C) role overload D) role ambiguity

Q: Which of the following might be a source of stress for an employee who is very happy with her job with respect to the tasks she performs, what is expected from her, and how she is supervised? A) task demands B) role overload C) interpersonal demands D) organizational leadership

Q: Which of the following might reduce a sense of task demand stress for a worker? A) overcrowded conditions B) uncomfortably high temperatures in the workplace C) autonomy in the workplace D) close monitoring by her supervisor

Q: A head football coach who tries to coach every phase of the team"offense, defense, and special teams"rather than delegate authority is likely to suffer from ________. A) task demand B) interpersonal demand C) role conflict D) role overload

Q: A light-hitting baseball player who is suddenly asked to be a power hitter and hit home runs would be likely to experience ________ stress. A) role overload B) role demand C) role conflict D) role ambiguity

Q: A baseball player in a slump who feels stress from trying to raise his batting average is experiencing ________ stress. A) task demand B) role demand C) role conflict D) interpersonal

Q: What percentage of employees say that coworkers are a stressful part of their jobs? A) About 50% B) About 30% C) About 15% D) About 5%

Q: Which of the following is NOT a role demand that may cause stress for employees? A) Role Conflict B) Cultural Roles C) Role Overload D) Role Ambiguity

Q: Which type of demand is related to working conditions, such as having an office that is too loud or overcrowded? A) Task Demands B) Role Demands C) Interpersonal Demands D) Organizational Structure Demands

Q: This type of stress allows a person to perform at their highest levels during times when performance is important. A) Dysfunctional B) Behavioral C) Functional D) Psychological

Q: Which of the following countries reports the highest level of employee stress? A) China B) India C) United Kingdom D) United States

Q: In Japan, the term used to describe death from overwork is ________. A) rensei B) karoshi C) hanko D) buka

Q: Potential stress can become actual stress when the outcome of an event is both ________ and important to the individual. A) uncertain B) certain C) meaningful D) significant

Q: Potential stress can become actual stress when the outcome of an event is uncertain and ________. A) not important to the individual B) hard for the individual to understand C) occurs on a regular basis D) important to the individual

Q: A constraint causes stress because it ________. A) helps you achieve your goal B) prevents you from achieving your goal C) helps you define your goal D) prevents you from defining your goal

Q: Which statement is correct? A) Stress is always bad. B) Stress can be bad or good. C) Stress is always good. D) Stress can never be good.

Q: Stress is most frequently associated with ________ only. A) demands and constraints B) opportunities and habits C) opportunities and fear D) demands and pressures

Q: An actor on stage getting "up" for a performance is an example of which of the following? A) a negative aspect of stress B) a positive aspect of stress C) a condition not related to stress D) both a positive and a negative aspect of stress

Q: Stress in the workplace is an adverse reaction that people have in response to ________. A) lack of ambition B) demands, constraints, and opportunities C) having too much confidence in oneself D) too much ambition

Q: In a short essay, discuss why people resist change when they think it is incompatible with organizational goals. Include an example to support your answer.

Q: In a short essay, discuss why people resist change due to the fear of losing possessions or status. Include an example to support your answer.