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Law

Q: Nationwide, in 2008, the sworn law enforcement employee average was ____________________ law enforcement employees per 1,000 citizens.a. 1.85b. 2.25 c. 2.51 d. 3.12
Q: Racial and ethnic minorities constitute approximately ____________________ percent of full-time sworn personnel in local departments.a. 18.2 b. 23.3 c. 11.9d. 29.2
Q: Among local departments, women account for approximately ____________________ percent of sworn personnel.a. 19.1 b. 9.7c. 29.2 d. 11.9
Q: The ____________________ maintains the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) as a national clearinghouse of criminal justice information.a. Treasury Department b. Census Bureauc. National Institute of Justice d. IRS
Q: The majority of law enforcement agencies in America are:a. local b. federal c. stated. private
Q: In a major speech at the 2006 National Institute of Justice's (NIJ's) annual conference, Los Angeles Police Chief William Bratton reflected on the tension between criminal justice practitioners and researchers. Explain the tension that Chief Bratton described.
Q: What influenced the passage of the Pendleton Act?
Q: Detail the significance of the Wickersham Commissionreport.
Q: How did technology influence policing in the early twentieth century?
Q: Compare and contrast the colonial northern watch with the southern slave patrols.
Q: Discuss the concept of thief-takers and how this method of policing led to increased crime.
Q: How did the turbulent times of the 1960s and the early 1970s affect American policing?
Q: Identify at least four persons throughout history who had a significant influence on the development and shape of twentieth-century American policing, and list some of their accomplishments.
Q: Describe some of the developments in American policing and the criminal justice system during the colonial period, as well as the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, that were influenced by the English police experience. Provide specific examples.
Q: List five of the Nine Principles of Sir Robert Peel, and discuss the goals in policing they were designed to accomplish.
Q: Describe the American colonial experience with policing.
Q: In the first half of the first decade of the 2000s, crime reductions continued to occur nationwide as the police adopted or continued aggressive crime-fighting techniques.
Q: Until the late 1980s, women constituted only a very small percentage of U.S. police officers.
Q: The system of mutual pledge was employed as a strategy for maintaining stability in England and providing a method for people living in villages to protect one another.
Q: Escobedo v. Illinois was the U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the exclusionary rule to all states in the United States.
Q: In early U.S. colonial society, citizens were responsible for protecting themselves and maintaining an orderly society.
Q: The word police comes from the Latin word politia, which means "civil administration."
Q: Richard Hill is known as the father of American policing.
Q: The concept of the sheriff can be traced back to the Praetorian Guard.
Q: Early American police were responsible for cleaning streets, caring for the homeless, and operating emergency ambulance services, in addition to their law enforcement duties.
Q: London's first large-scale, civil police department consisted of more than 5,000 men.
Q: The man who is credited with establishing London's first large-scale, civil police department in 1829 is Sir Robert Peel.
Q: Sir Charles Rowan founded the Bow Street Runners.
Q: The first state police agency was the Texas Rangers.
Q: __________ is the computer-based management program that many say was responsible for New York City's drop in crime in the mid- to late-1990s.
Q: The Youth International Party was associated with the __________ movement.
Q: __________ is the author of the classic text on policing entitled Police Administration.
Q: The first specialized investigative unit in Rome was called __________, which means "trackers of murder."
Q: A rudimentary form of metropolitan policing called the __________ required all men in a given town to serve on the night watch, patrolling the streets; performing duties such as lighting street lamps, clearing garbage, and putting out fires; and enforcing the criminal law.
Q: The form of social organization or mutual pledge created by King Alfred the Great in England that consisted of 10 families grouped together to protect one another and assume responsibility for the acts of the group's members was called a __________.
Q: __________ was the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from its inception until his death in 1972.
Q: __________ was a form of societal control where citizens grouped together to protect each other.
Q: The __________ were the members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace and the emperor.
Q: __________ established the first large-scale, uniformed, paid, civil police force in London.
Q: What law gives law enforcement new ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their pursuit of possible terrorists? a. Posse Comitatus Act b. USA Patriot Act c. Statute of Winchester d. Volstead Act
Q: In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police"community relations? a. Charles Manson's arrest b. the L.A. shootout c. reinstatement of the death penalty d. Rodney King beating
Q: William J. Bratton completely reengineered the New York City Police Department to make reducing crime its primary objective. What vehicle did he use to accomplish this mission? a. SWAT b. use of helicopters c. CompStat d. community policing
Q: The most turbulent eras for American policing were the: a. 1920s and 1930s b. 1940s and 1950s c. 1960s and 1970s d. 1980s and 1990s
Q: The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the ___________, released a report stating, "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal." a. Wickersham Commission b. Kefauver Commission c. Crime Commission d. Kerner Commission
Q: Which New York City police officer's tales of corruption led to the Knapp Commission? a. David Owens b. Whitman Knapp c. Frank Serpico d. Julius LaRosa
Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court case resulted in the police requirement that persons who are in police custody and will be interrogated must be advised of their constitutional rights? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miranda v. Arizona c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Brown v. Mississippi
Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to counsel at police interrogation? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miranda v. Arizona c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Brown v. Mississippi
Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for applying the exclusionary rule to all state courts in America? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miranda v. Arizona c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Brown v. Mississippi
Q: What did the U.S. Supreme Court focus on during the 1960s? a. expanding governmental authority b. police rights c. individual rights d. corporate rights
Q: The director of the FBI from 1924 to his death in 1972 was ___________. a. Tom Ridge b. J. Edgar Hoover c. Robert Gray d. O. W. Wilson
Q: Who is noted for developing modern management and administrative techniques for policing? a. James Q. Wilson b. Richard Sylvester c. O. W. Wilson d. Patrick V. Murphy
Q: Who served as chief of police in Berkeley and instituted many practices that started to professionalize the U.S. police, including incorporating university training as a part of police training? a. O. W. Wilson b. August Vollmer c. Raymond Blaine Fosdick d. Edgar Hoover
Q: In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. This commission was known as the: a. Wickersham Commission b. Kefauver Commission c. Crime Commission d. Kerner Commission
Q: The Latin term__________means "the power of the county." a. terra nullius b. flagrante delicto c. corpus delecti d. posse comitatus
Q: What legislation became law in 1920 and established National Prohibition? a. Olmstead Act b. Homestead Act c. Volstead Act d. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
Q: Which Massachusetts governor fired all the striking police officers during the Boston police strike and later became president of the United States? a. Woodrow Wilson b. Calvin Coolidge c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Ronald Reagan
Q: By the 1880s, what private national detective agency had offices in nearly two dozen cities? a. Brinks National Security b. Pinkerton's National Detective Agency c. Wells Fargo Detection Services d. Rocky Mountain Detective Association
Q: The first state police agency was the ___________. a. Arizona Rangers b. New Mexico Mounted Patrol c. Texas Rangers d. Nevada Posse
Q: The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created the ___________. a. bobbies b. office of the U.S. marshal c. FBI d. New York City Police Department
Q: What statute made it a crime not to assist the night watch? a. Posse Comitatus Act of 1879 b. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 c. Statute of Winchester d. Volstead Act
Q: A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the nineteenth-century England was/were the ___________. a. Vigiles b. hue and cry c. shire-reeve d. mutual pledge
Q: ___________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets removing vagrants. a. Beadles b. Deputies c. Marshals d. Roamers
Q: The Statute of Winchester established the office of ___________, who was responsible for organizing and supervising the watch. a. county sheriff b. parish constable c. city marshal d. police chief
Q: The only law enforcement officers available on the American frontier were the__________and the __________. a. county sheriff, town marshal b. county marshal, town sheriff c. chief of police, county sheriff d. military provost, town marshal
Q: Many historians and scholars indicate that__________in the American South were the precursor to the modern American system of policing. a. Praetorian Guard b. slave patrols c. thief-takers d. Vigiles
Q: What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his freedom because he was a piece of property, not a citizen? a. Dred Scott v. Sandford b. Mapp v. Ohio c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka d. Mabury v. Madison
Q: The first organized American police department (1838) in the North was created in what city? a. Chicago b. New York City c. Philadelphia d. Boston
Q: Who is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London, England? a. Henry Fielding b. Sir Robert Peel c. Patrick Colquhoun d. Sir Charles Rowan
Q: Who formed the Bow Street Runners? a. Henry Fielding b. Sir Robert Peel c. Patrick Colquhoun d. Colonel Charles Rowan
Q: The__________evolved into the Gendarmerie Nationale, which today polices the areas outside France's major cities. a. Praefectus Urbi b. Praetorian Guard c. Marchause d. Magistrates
Q: The members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace and the emperor were called the: a. Royal Guard b. Praetorian Guard c. Roman Guard d. Praefectus Urbi
Q: The person known as the father of American policing is: a. O. W. Wilson b. Robert Peel c. August Vollmer d. John S. Dempsey
Q: The police represent the__________power of government, rather than the__________power of government. a. civil, military b. military, administrative c. administrative, political d. military, civil
Q: Identify the sources of authority for the Military Order of November 13, 2001, and describe the jurisdiction of military commissions created by the order.
Q: Identify and describe the significance of the three sources that have affected the balance between security and rights in the detention of terrorist suspects since 9/11.
Q: What were "sneakandpeek" searches originally used for, and how has their legal status and definition changed since 9/11? Describe the three conditions under which the Patriot Act authorizes judges to issue sneak-and-peek warrants.
Q: How, if at all, has the Patriot Act modified the balance between government power and individual privacy?
Q: Identify and describe the three tiers of the surveillance system designed to balance government power and individual privacy. Include in your description both government powers and the limits on that power in each tier.
Q: Secret ______ captures a record of all telephone numbers from a subscriber's phone, using pen registers and trap and trace devices.
Q: The _______ Act of 1968 puts a general ban on the interception of wire, oral, or electronic communication while they are taking place.
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