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Law
Q:
Briefly describe the two standards to which the burden of proof is subject to in civil cases.
Q:
Briefly explain the deference given to trial courts by courts of appeal.
Q:
What must lawyers do to preserve an argument for appeal of an evidentiary ruling?
Q:
Briefly describe how execution and garnishment are used as enforcement mechanisms after the judgment has been delivered.
Q:
What are some of the criticisms against peremptory challenges?
Q:
Differentiate between a judgment notwithstanding the verdict and motion for judgment as a matter of law. When are they used?
Q:
Briefly explain the function of jury instructions.
Q:
What are the two meanings of the term burden of proof?
Q:
Briefly describe the burden of proof for criminal cases.
Q:
Though it is often thought of as the main component of the American judicial system, it is actually rather rare to go to trial. What are some procedures or methods for either avoiding a full trial or getting cases resolved before trial?
Q:
What is meant by the term frivolous case, and what is being done to remedy the problem?
Q:
What is the purpose of a voir dire examination?
Q:
What is the statute of limitations?
Q:
In a personal injury suit, what can a defendants attorney request and obtain by using the discovery methods?
Q:
What are the disadvantages of discovery procedures, and how can they be avoided?
Q:
Why are class-action suits popular?
Q:
Why are class-action suits settled based on cost-benefit analysis?
Q:
Why have federal courts begun developing higher standards for settlements in class-action suits?
Q:
What is the purpose of discovery procedures?
Q:
Briefly describe the most revealing and expensive method of discovery.
Q:
How is personal jurisdiction over a defendant who resides in the same state as the court in which the suit is filed obtained?
Q:
State the three criteria according to which the typical long-arm statute allows a court to obtain personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant.
Q:
When might a court be required to use extradition, and what is the process?
Q:
What is a class-action suit?
Q:
_____ means either that a case has been finally decided on appeal or that the time for appeal has expired and a cause of action finally determined by a competent court cannot be litigated by the parties in a new proceeding by the same court or in any other court.
A. Voir dire
B. Ratio decidendi
C. Obiter dicta
D. Res judicata
E. Nolo contendere
Q:
Describe the parties involved in a civil suit.
Q:
When is a third-party defendant necessary in a trial, and what purpose does this type of party serve?
Q:
What is standing to sue, and what must a plaintiff allege to establish required standing?
Q:
_____ is a method of enforcement that involves having a portion of a debtors wages paid to a court, which in turn pays a creditor.
A. A caucus
B. Garnishment
C. A deposition
D. Submission
E. A subpoena
Q:
When a petition for certiorari is filed to the Supreme Court, the party initiating the petition is the petitioner and the other party is known as the _____.
A. plaintiff
B. respondent
C. appellant
D. counterplaintiff
E. defendant
Q:
When the result of a lawsuit at the trial court level is appealed, the successful party in the trial court is called the _____.
A. appellee
B. appellant
C. counterplaintiff
D. counterdefendant
E. petitioner
Q:
In appellate procedures, each party files a(n) _____ that contains a short description of a case, a factual summary, legal points and authorities, and arguments for reversing or affirming a lower court decision.
A. affidavit
B. caucus
C. brief
D. deposition
E. motion
Q:
In addition to a brief, a reviewing court is often given the benefit of _____ in deciding a case.
A. calling witnesses
B. oral argument
C. introducing new evidence
D. voir dire
E. discovery
Q:
After an appeal gets rejected by an intermediate appellate court, the losing party may petition the highest court in the system for a(n) _____.
A. ratio decidendi
B. obiter dictum
C. res judicata
D. writ of certiorari
E. voir dire
Q:
A(n) _____ occurs when a court official, such as a sheriff or marshal, seizes some property of a debtor, sells it at public auction, and applies the proceeds to a creditors claim.
A. execution of a judgment
B. libel
C. judgment
D. caucus
E. extradition
Q:
_____, made by a lawyer in a trial, familiarizes a jury with the essential facts that each side expects to prove.
A. A deposition
B. An opening statement
C. Res judicata
D. A summation
E. Voir dire
Q:
After a plaintiff has presented his or her evidence in a trial, a defendant may make a motion for _____, which is granted if the evidence, taken in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, establishes as a matter of law that the defendant is entitled to a verdict.
A. voir dire
B. res judicata
C. summary judgment
D. directed verdict
E. peremptory challenge
Q:
For criminal cases, the burden of proof is described as _____.
A. beyond a reasonable doubt
B. preponderance of the evidence
C. clear and convincing proof
D. a judgment on the pleadings
E. judgment notwithstanding the verdict
Q:
In civil cases, the _____ standard is achieved when there is greater weight of evidence in support of a proposition than there is against it.
A. clear and convincing proof
B. beyond a shadow of a doubt
C. preponderance of evidence
D. beyond a reasonable doubt
E. beyond all doubt
Q:
A _____ is entered in favor of the party that won a jurys decision if a judge agrees with the decision of the jury.
A. verdict
B. judgment
C. stare decisis
D. res judicata
E. deposition
Q:
In a state court, the party who is dissatisfied with a jurys verdict is most likely to file a posttrial motion with the judge seeking _____.
A. a judgment as a matter of law
B. res judicata
C. a judgment notwithstanding the verdict
D. voir dire
E. peremptory challenge
Q:
When deciding on a jury panel, either party in a lawsuit can challenge or excuse a prospective juror on the basis of the jurors _____.
A. race
B. gender
C. lack of bias toward a case
D. ethnicity
E. relationship to the opposing party
Q:
In Batson v. Kentucky, the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed discrimination on the basis of _____ in jury selection.
A. gender
B. religious preference
C. race
D. political affiliation
E. intelligence
Q:
In the case of J.E.B. v. Alabama, the U.S. Supreme Court banned _____ in jury selection.
A. gender discrimination
B. religious discrimination
C. racial discrimination
D. discrimination on the basis of national origin
E. discrimination on the basis of political affiliation
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of peremptory challenges?
A. The number of peremptory challenges allowed varies from court system to court system.
B. The number of peremptory challenges cannot vary between the parties to a lawsuit.
C. The court has always allowed peremptory challenges to be used to strike prospective jurors on the basis of gender.
D. A cause or reason must always be given to use a peremptory challenge.
E. The number of peremptory challenges is the same across all types of cases within a court.
Q:
Maria has been sued in federal court by her former roommate, Theresa, who is a lawyer. Maria and her lawyer look at the complaint and see that it is vindictive and lacks any legitimate claims. Marias lawyer determines that Theresa is merely bullying Maria and that the lawsuit is frivolous. In this case, Theresa is most likely to be __________.
A. arrested after the statute of limitations runs out
B. extradited if a motion in limine is filed
C. sanctioned under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
D. extradited if a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict is filed
E. disciplined under Rule 37 of the Uniform Commercial Code
Q:
Angelo files a lawsuit against Franz alleging that Franz damaged his property. Esther, a judge, has reviewed the case and believes that the lawsuit between Angelo and Franz completely lacks any merit. She is convinced that the suit should not continue. In this case, Esther is most likely to __________.
A. file a motion for judgment on the pleadings
B. seek to withdraw the court summons
C. terminate the litigation process on her own initiative
D. wait until Franz files a motion to terminate the litigation process
E. file a request for admission
Q:
Which of the following is part of the pretrial procedure?
A. Delivering opening statements
B. The process of jury selection
C. The voir dire examination
D. The res judicata examination
E. The discovery process
Q:
In the pretrial phase of litigation, the argument used by a defendant to dismiss a suit on the basis of expiration of the time limit during which the defendant is subject to suit is usually referred to as _____.
A. statute of limitations
B. res judicata
C. voir dire
D. request for peremptory challenge
E. summary judgment
Q:
If a prospective juror admits bias favoring one of the parties to a trial, that person is most likely to be excused for __________.
A. peremptory challenge
B. cause
C. discovery
D. lack of standing
E. being respondent
Q:
The usual rule in the scope of discovery is that the information sought in discovery is discoverable and an objection is overruled as long as the information __________.
A. will lead to evidence admissible during a trial
B. will be indicative of guilt or innocence of a party in a trial
C. is a clear and convincing evidence of negligence
D. will be important enough to both of the disputing parties during a trial
E. is protected by lawyer-client confidentiality
Q:
In the pretrial phase of litigation, if a party fails to produce relevant, requested evidence, the party seeking the information is most likely to __________.
A. file a request for an admission
B. request for a voir dire examination
C. file a motion to compel discovery
D. file a motion for a summary judgment
E. file a petition for a writ of certiorari
Q:
Terrell files a complaint against Chad for negligence with the court clerk. After Terrell receives an answer from Chad in response to the summons, Terrell believes that he can win based solely on his original complaint and Chads answer. In this case, Terrell is most likely to file a __________.
A. motion for a directed verdict
B. motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action
C. motion in limine
D. motion for a summary judgment
E. motion for a judgment on the pleadings
Q:
A police officer pulls over Megan for speeding. Despite being cooperative, non-threatening, and sober, the police officer orders her to get out of the car and frisks her. He finds a small packet of marijuana in her pocket. This search and seizure is illegal. After she is arrested, her attorney wants to suppress the discovery of marijuana in Megans possession as the search by the police officer was illegal. In this case, Megans attorney is most likely to file a __________.
A. motion for a directed verdict
B. motion for a summary judgment
C. motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action
D. motion in limine
E. motion for a judgment on the pleadings
Q:
When a party asks a judge to base a decision of a case on the pleadings and affidavits provided there are no material disputed issues of fact, the party is most likely to be filing a motion for _____.
A. summary judgment
B. a judgment on the pleadings
C. judgment as a matter of law
D. a general demurrer
E. directed verdict
Q:
A lawsuit that is totally lacking in merit is said to be _____.
A. consequential
B. peremptory
C. dogmatic
D. cognizable
E. frivolous
Q:
If a defendant does not respond to a complaint by the date provided in the summons in any way, the court is most likely to enter an order of _____.
A. judicial restraint
B. stare decisis
C. discovery
D. voir dire
E. default
Q:
_____, a method of discovery, are a series of written questions presented to the opposing parties.
A. Depositions
B. Pleadings
C. Summons
D. Interrogatories
E. Affidavits
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of taking depositions?
A. It is the most expensive method of discovery.
B. It is the least revealing method of discovery.
C. It is the only method of discovery that uses voir dire.
D. It is the only method of discovery that uses res judicata.
E. It is the most common version of interrogatories.
Q:
Olflex Corp. files a complaint against Tenfour Corp., and the parties are in the discovery phase of litigation. A major issue in the dispute is the wording of the original sales contract between the two corporations. In this case, to get Tenfour to present the original sales contract, Olfex is most likely to __________.
A. request for procedural due process
B. request for a trial
C. request for extradition
D. request for an admission
E. request for production of documents
Q:
In the context of pleadings, which of the following statements is true?
A. A defendants response cannot contain affirmative defenses.
B. Pleadings are filed to end the litigation.
C. Pleadings can only be filed if a complaint is not filed with a court clerk.
D. A clerk of the court issues the summons to be served to a defendant.
E. A complaint contains allegations by a defendant.
Q:
The summons, delivered to a defendant by a court official, provides the date by which a defendant must __________.
A. respond with a written pleading
B. establish standing to sue
C. request discovery
D. provide garnishment
E. file a peremptory challenge
Q:
The typical long-arm statute allows a court to obtain jurisdiction over a defendant even though the process is served beyond its borders if the defendant __________.
A. files a counterclaim against a plaintiff
B. owns property within the state that is the subject matter of the lawsuit
C. has not obtained a writ of certiorari from the state in which he or she currently resides
D. has committed a tort outside the state in which the court obtaining jurisdiction is located
E. qualifies for res judicata
Q:
If a court has original jurisdiction over some claims in a class-action suit, which of the following jurisdictions is the court most likely to exercise over additional claims that are part of the same case including those that do not independently satisfy the amount-in controversy requirement?
A. Supplemental jurisdiction
B. Personal jurisdiction
C. Diversity jurisdiction
D. Subject matter jurisdiction
E. Federal question jurisdiction
Q:
A _____ suit is one in which one or more plaintiffs file suit on their own behalf and on behalf of all other persons who may have a similar claim.
A. quasi-strict
B. class-action
C. small-claims
D. garnishment
E. respondent
Q:
All persons suing a drug company, alleging injuries from a product, constitute __________.
A. the counterplaintiffs in a counterclaim.
B. a class for a tort action.
C. the plaintiffs in a counterclaim.
D. a motion in limine.
E. a motion for summary judgment.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of criminal suits?
A. Personal jurisdiction over a plaintiff is obtained by an affidavit submitted by the police.
B. A plaintiff has to establish standing to sue for a court to have personal jurisdiction over a case.
C. A defendant may agree to submit to a courts authority even though personal jurisdiction cannot be obtained.
D. A defendant cannot waive any objection to a courts exercise of personal jurisdiction.
E. A court may have jurisdiction over a case even if the crime is not committed within the state of the court that is obtaining jurisdiction.
Q:
Which of the following parties could sue to stop a merger of two companies?
A. Only the chief executive officer of the two companies biggest competitor
B. Any competitor of either of the two companies
C. Any consumer of one of the two companies
D. Any concerned third party
E. Only a shareholder of one of the two companies
Q:
Eli, a resident of New York, wants to sue Tony, a resident of Texas, for trespassing against Elis property in New York. To obtain personal jurisdiction over Tony under a long-arm statute, the New York court must find that __________.
A. Tony has committed some kind of tort in Texas in addition to the tort in New York
B. Tony owns property in Texas that he had bought five years ago
C. the trespassing occurred in New York while Eli was there
D. Tony committed the tort in New York
E. Eli committed a tort in Texas or has property in Texas
Q:
Alan committed a felony in Delaware and returned to Minnesota, where he lives permanently. Alan has a respectable job in Minnesota and is a respected citizen there. When the Delaware police locate Alan, _____.
A. they can arrest Alan in Minnesota and transport him to Delaware because of the felony he committed in Delaware
B. he can be arrested and tried in Minnesota for the Delaware felony
C. they must obtain a standing to sue from the police of Minnesota to be allowed to arrest Alan
D. they must wait until the statute of limitations for the felony runs out
E. they must seek extradition of Alan to have him transported to Delaware
Q:
In a civil lawsuit, personal jurisdiction over a defendant is usually obtained by a notice to appear in court. This delivery of notice is referred to as __________
A. res judicata
B. a discharge
C. service of process
D. ratio decidendi
E. extradition
Q:
The process of requesting and transporting a prisoner from one state to another is called _____.
A. res judicata
B. garnishment
C. execution
D. ratio decidendi
E. extradition
Q:
For a court to hear a plaintiffs case, the plaintiff must show the court that it has _____.
A. subject matter jurisdiction
B. res ispa loquitur
C. standing to sue
D. garnishment
E. jury instructions
Q:
For a plaintiff to establish that he or she has standing to sue, the plaintiff must allege __________.
A. a lack of subject matter jurisdiction of the court
B. a personal stake in the resolution of the controversy
C. at least $100,000 in damages as a result of the controversy
D. garnishment by the state in which the lawsuit is filed
E. extradition by the police of the state in which he or she resides
Q:
The element of standing to sue that requires a plaintiff to allege a personal stake in the resolution of a controversy prevents the plaintiff from __________.
A. asserting the rights of the general public or of a group of which he or she is not a member
B. taking advantage of discovery procedures in the determination of the controversy in the presence of third-party defendants
C. using peremptory challenges during jury selection
D. petitioning for a writ of certiorari
E. using voir dire during jury selection
Q:
Standing to sue is determined __________.
A. by the filing of a motion in limine
B. at the discovery phase of the litigation
C. by the outcome of the litigation
D. at the outset of the litigation
E. using voir dire during jury selection
Q:
A defendant may bring in new third parties as third-party defendants if he or she alleges that without the presence of these parties __________.
A. the trial cannot qualify for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict
B. the trial cannot be held in the presence of a jury
C. there cannot be a petition for a writ of certiorari
D. he or she cannot use interrogatories as a discovery method
E. there cannot be a complete determination of a controversy
Q:
When the result of a case at the trial court level is appealed, the party appealing is usually referred to as the appellee.
Q:
Each state prescribes its own appellate procedure and determines the jurisdiction of its various reviewing courts.
Q:
Res judicata means that a case has been finally decided on appeal.