Q&A Hero

Q: The theory which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number is ____. A. Deontology B. Utilitarianism C. Hedonism D. Epicureanism

Q: _____is the founder of Utilitarianism. A. Bentham B. Kant C. Hume D. Mill

Q: Two major regulators, according to the Utilitarians, are _____. A. Pleasure and happiness B. Pain and misery C. Pleasure and pain D. Ethics and morality

Q: Kant's ethics are referred to as _____ethics. A. Utilitarian B. Discourse C. Eudaimonistic D. Deontic

Q: The Categorical Imperative states: Act as if the maxim of your action were by your will to become a _____. A. Universal law B. Hypothetical law C. Conditional law D. National law

Q: A ____imperative is only binding on that part of the populous included in the antecedent. A. Categorical B. Hypothetical C. Rational D. Human

Q: A ____imperative is universally binding on everyone. A. Categorical B. Hypothetical C. Rational D. Human

Q: Which of the following does Kant indicate is not distinctly human? A. Power of reason B. Abstract reasoning from principles C. Feelings D. Both A and B

Q: Kant felt that ____was unreliable and uncertain. A. Reason B. Sentiment C. Truth D. Love

Q: According to Hume, ethics must be grounded in ____. A. Reason B. Sentiment C. Truth D. Love

Q: Kant indicated that ____awoke him from his "dogmatic slumber." A. Leibniz B. Spinoza C. Descartes D. Hume

Q: Role responsibility means to be responsible for managing one's own life.

Q: To say that one is causally responsible for an act is to judge that punishment or reward is warranted.

Q: Moral responsibility and causal responsibility are identical.

Q: Most libertarians emphasize the feeling of free will.

Q: According to Sartre, to live in bad faith is to deny one's freedom.

Q: According to Sartre, the only thing man did not choose was his own existence.

Q: Existentialists limit the area in which free will operates.

Q: "Existence precedes essence" is the credo of Existentialism.

Q: Existentialism was created by Pico.

Q: According to Campbell, our power of free will is a creative power which comes into play when our desires conflict with morality.

Q: Chisholm sees free will as a gift from God.

Q: Pico sees no constraints upon human freedom at all.

Q: Libertarians believe there is at least some place free of determinism in which free will might thrive.

Q: To say one is ____responsible for an act is to judge that punishment or reward is warranted. A. Causally B. Legally C. Morally D. Quasi

Q: _____places reliance on personal introspective observation. A. Pico B. Campbell C. Sartre D. Nagel

Q: To deny one's freedom is to live in _____. A. Ignorance B. Bliss C. Good faith D. Bad faith

Q: According to Sartre, the only thing man did not choose was _____. A. His essence B. To be born C. His identity D. To study philosophy

Q: Existentialism was a term created to describe ____'s philosophy. A. Pico B. Nagel C. Sartre D. Campbell

Q: "Existence precedes essence" is the credo of the ____movement. A. Existentialist B. Libertarian C. Pragmatic D. Structuralist

Q: According to ____, our power of free will is a creative power which comes into play when our desires conflict with morality. A. Pico B. Nagel C. Dennett D. Campbell

Q: According to ___, libertarian free will implies that there are no constraints on freedom whatsoever. A. Pico B. Nagel C. Chisholm D. Dennett

Q: According to ____, free will was a gift granted from God. A. Pico B. Sartre C. Dennett D. Nagel

Q: ____believes there is at least some space free of determinism in which free will might thrive. A. Cynics B. Libertarians C. Conservatives D. Draconians

Q: William James argues against the existence of free will

Q: Both Leibniz and Wolf are Rationalist Compatibilists.

Q: According to Rationalist Compatibilists, one must have the capacity to reason correctly in order to have free will.

Q: Ronald Dworkin is a hierarchical compatibilist.

Q: An Hierarchical Compatibilist is the same as a soft determinist.

Q: According to Hume, determinism is essential for free will.

Q: Luther and Calvin were Compatibilists.

Q: Soft determinism is also known as Compatibilism.

Q: All atomists were hard determinists.

Q: Schopenhauer was a soft determinist.

Q: Hard determinists insist that humans do not even feel as if they are acting freely.

Q: Hard determinists state that determinism is true and incompatible with free will.

Q: Which philosopher was not a Rationalist Compatibilist? A. Leibniz B. Malebranche C. Frankfurt D. Wolf

Q: Which philosopher is an Hierarchical Compatibilist? A. Spinoza B. Dworkin C. Leibniz D. Hume

Q: On the ___view, one acts freely if one can act as one wishes. A. Hierarchical Compatibilist B. Rationalist Compatibilist C. Hard Determinist D. Soft Determinist

Q: Hume states that freedom is ____. A. Doing what you are told B. An illusion C. Doing what you want D. Another word for nothing left to lose

Q: According to ___, determinism is essential for free will. A. Luther B. Calvin C. Schopenhauer D. Hume

Q: Which of the following was not a hard determinist? A. Luther B. Calvin C. Schopenhauer D. Hume

Q: The view that determinism is compatible with free will is called ____. A. Hard Determinism B. Soft Determinism C. Hierarchical Compatibilism D. Rationalist Compatibilism

Q: The ___ argued that atoms within humans could swerve. A. Epicureans B. Atomists C. Determinists D. Neutronists

Q: According to ___, free will does not exist. A. Hume B. James C. Schopenhauer D. Aquinas

Q: To assume determinism is true and completely incompatible with free will is called ____. A. Hard Determinism B. Soft Determinism C. Hierarchical Compatibilism D. Rationalist Compatibilism

Q: De Valla attempts to reconcile God's foreknowledge with human free will.

Q: According to Hume, determinism implies a lack of freedom.

Q: David Hume rejected determinism.

Q: Determinism is scientifically based.

Q: Determinism is the view that everything is the result of causal laws.

Q: Calvin and Luther preached the doctrine of predestination.

Q: According to Predestination, God determines salvation based upon a person's life choices.

Q: Stoics tended to be Fatalists.

Q: Fatalism is the view that the events of life are destined.

Q: Aristotle taught Fatalism.

Q: According to ____, determinism implies a lack of freedom. A. Hume B. Einstein C. Skinner D. Marx

Q: Determinism was supported by the work of ____. A. Hume B. Calvin C. Luther D. Epictetus

Q: The view that everything is the result of causal laws is called____. A. Free Will B. Determinism C. Fatalism D. Calvinism

Q: Mike and John live in a democratic society which is currently engaged in an unjust war. Mike opposes the war which is reflected in his voting for anti-war candidates. On the contrary, John has supported it by voting for pro-war candidates. According to Palmer-Fernandez, terrorists may be justified in:a. killing both Mike and John since they are both members of the society engaging in unjust acts b. killing the people John voted for since they are the ones in charge of the state action.c. killing John, since he supported the unjust war through his vote.d. both b and c

Q: According to Palmer-Fernandez, citizens of democratic states: a. do not have responsibility for unjust wars b. have some responsibility for unjust wars c. only have responsibility for unjust wars if they are serving in the military d. only have responsibility for unjust wars if they are in industries that directly support the war effort.

Q: According to Coady, terrorism is defined as: a. the use or threat of use of force designed to bring political change b. the illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective when innocent people are targeted. c. the organized use of violence to target non-combatants ("innocents in a special sense) for political purposes. d. the use of violence to make non-combatants live in perpetual fear.

Q: According to the just war tradition presented by Coady, which of the following is NOT a justification for going to war:a. there is a compelling state interest in obtaining a desired resource b. there must be a just cause for going to warc. war must be the last resortd. there must be a reasonable prospect of success

Q: According to Brown, the health risks associated with performance drugs are: a. inconclusive b. harmful only if taken in large doses c. not harmful d. not harmful is prescribed by a doctor or trainer

Q: According to Brown, the only argument against performance drugs that may have some credibility is the argument from: a. coercion b. personhood c. health d. slippery slope

Q: According to Simon, an "ethic of athletic competition" amounts to: a. a new theory of ethics that includes physical activity b. principles of good sportsmanship in competitive athletic events c. a view of athletics as a mutual quest for excellence through challenge d. the ethics each individual athlete brings to competition

Q: Simon's arguments against the use of performance enhancing drugs are best described as: a. utilitarian b. Kantian c. contractarian d. egoistic

Q: The end result of not being able to find a definition of unnatural that also entails that homosexuality is immoral implies that most objections to homosexuality are: a. based on a personal religious view that does not provide grounds for legally prohibiting homosexuality b. based rationalizations from people who dislike their own latent homosexual tendencies c. based on idea that "It is wrong because we"ve been taught it is wrong" d. both a and c

Q: Corvino contends that biblical prohibitions against homosexuality are: a. unequivocal and should be followed b. based on poor translations and are not in fact prohibited c. should be viewed in their historical context and thus rejected in modern life d. meaningless superstition

Q: According to Finnis, pre-Christian philosophers and cultures: a. generally condoned homosexual behavior b. did not address the issue of homosexuality one way or another c. generally disapproved of homosexual behavior d. at best tolerated homosexual behavior