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Q:
A line that gives viewers the impression that they are seeing a line where there is not a continuous mark is ________.
a. an irregular line d. a chaotic line
b. an actual line e. a directional line
c. an implied line
Q:
Some Jewish texts create images using this kind of line made up of small letters.
a. chaotic line d. implied line
b. actual line e. pencil line
c. regular line
Q:
The Dutch design team Sauerkids used ________ lines of dots and dashes in its work to create exciting visual rhythms.
a. implied d. regular
b. actual e. geometric
c. chalk
Q:
Any of the ________ of art can help focus our interest on specific areas of a work of art.
a. elements d. themes
b. tones e. periods
c. styles
Q:
By orienting lines so that they attract attention to a specific area of a work of art the artist is using ________.
a. chaotic line d. measured line
b. directional line e. actual line
c. implied line
Q:
The opposite of emphasis is ________.
a. color d. subordination
b. tone e. proportion
c. focal point
Q:
In James Allens etching The Connectors, an image of workers erecting the Empire State Building, the artist created a feeling of great height by using ________ line to lead the viewers eye diagonally downward.
a. directional d. regular
b. horizontal e. implied
c. communicative
Q:
When an artist wants to highlight the entire surface of his or her work, without regard for any particular area, this is called ________.
a. focal point d. focal element
b. subordination e. broad emphasis
c. linear emphasis
Q:
A line that is a continuous mark is ________.
a. an organic line d. a chaotic line
b. an implied line e. an irregular line
c. an actual line
Q:
Mel Bochner used ________ line in the work Vertigo because it is controlled and measured.
a. directional d. diagonal
b. irregular e. regular
c. organic
Q:
The ancient Greek sculptor who created the bronze known as Poseidon (or Zeus) used this part of the body as a standard unit for proportional measurement in the work.
a. torso d. head
b. hand e. all of the other answers
c. foot
Q:
In a 1941 drawing the British artist Barbara Hepworth used line to plan a ________.
a. print d. building
b. painting e. party
c. sculpture
Q:
It does not matter if a sculptor is creating a human statue on a monumental scale, or a figure much smaller than lifesize: if the sculptor applies the ratio of the Golden Section, the sculpture will have naturalistic proportions.
Q:
Three words that can describe irregular line are:
a. loose e. chaotic
b. constrained f. ruled
c. wild g. controlled
d. measured
Q:
Rectangles based on the Golden Section can be nested inside each other to create an elegant ________.
a. spiral d. circle
b. square e. triangle
c. star pattern
Q:
The French artist Andr Masson wished to explore the psychological source of creativity through his automatic ink drawings of ________ lines.
a. ruled d. irregular
b. controlled e. calm
c. horizontal
Q:
The composition of this photographers work Fading Away appears to conform to a proportional ratio called the Golden Section.
a. Jan van Eyck d. Dorothea Tanning
b. Nadar e. Ansel Adams
c. Henry Peach Robinson
Q:
The scribbled appearance of Jean Dubuffets Suite avec 7 Personnages characterizes it as a drawing that exhibits ________.
a. irregular line d. ruled line
b. regular line e. controlled line
c. measured line
Q:
Photographers cannot be responsible for principles of scale or proportion in their photographs.
Q:
In his work Woodstock Road, Woodstock, New York, 1924 George Bellows used both regular and irregular line. What might the advantages be for an artist who combines both of these types of line in their work?
Q:
Discuss ways in which photography can mislead viewers about scale or proportion. Find an example where the photographer has made an object seem either bigger or smaller than it would be in real life. What might the photographers reasons have been for doing this?
Q:
In The School of Athens, Raphael focused our attention on two Greek philosophers positioned in the center of the work. They are ________ and ________.
a. Aristotle . . . Socrates d. Diogenes . . . Socrates
b. Socrates . . . Plato e. Diogenes . . . Aristotle
c. Plato . . . Aristotle
Q:
Pick the three words that would best describe a regular line.
a. controlled e. cool-headed
b. wild f. expressive
c. geometric g. emotional
d. organic
Q:
This proportional system uses a ratio of 1:1.618.
a. Standard Cubit d. Rule of Thirds
b. Fibonacci Sequence e. Golden Section
c. Root 5 Rectangle
Q:
This aspect of culture is integral to both ancient Greek and Yoruba figural art, despite the differences in how the resulting artworks look.
a. politics d. family
b. religion e. food
c. social status
Q:
Compare and contrast the visual differences between the modern photograph of the Church of Saint Spirito (1.1.2b) with Dosios drawing (1.1.2a). What did the artist change?
Q:
In traditional African art of the Yoruba tribe, human imagery follows the ideal proportions identified by the ancient Egyptians in palm and hand measurements.
Q:
In the illustration from the manga Tsubasa RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE, the artists used diagonal lines to create a strong sense of ________.
a. calm d. happiness
b. movement e. humor
c. sadness
Q:
In his work The School of Athens, this Renaissance artist created figures using the ideal human proportions developed by the ancient Greeks.
a. Raphael d. Michelangelo
b. Claes Oldenburg e. Leonardo da Vinci
c. Dorothea Tanning
Q:
Graphic artists, like the manga group CLAMP, know that by arranging lines in diagonals it is possible to indicate movement and energy. Suggest two images from popular culture that use diagonals to convey a sense of movement and energy. For each image, give reasons why the artist might have wanted to create an energetic composition.
Q:
An artist would probably use distorted scale if he or she wanted to create a lifelike scene that the viewer could relate to.
Q:
The line that defines the edge of a shape is called the ________.
a. contour d. volume
b. outline e. scale
c. implied line
Q:
The relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up its ________.
a. volume d. mass
b. scale e. character
c. proportions
Q:
The lines that create the image of the Nazca Spider drawing define the ________ of a ________.
a. contour . . . volume d. mass . . . form
b. direction . . . line e. pattern . . . square
c. outline . . . shape
Q:
In two-dimensional art, this is the area in which an artist creates their work.
a. square d. round
b. cast e. format
c. mold
Q:
The Nazca Lines are engraved into the surface of the earth, but the image can only be seen from above. Since this artwork was made before man had the ability to hover above the Earth, what reasons might the artist(s) have had for creating this work?
Q:
In ancient Egypt, this part of the human body was used as a standard of measurement. Six of these equaled a cubit.
a. palm d. torso
b. toe e. eye
c. leg
Q:
The artist Dosio, in his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, created an impression of three dimensions by using line to show the division between ________.
a. planes d. colors
b. time periods e. two figures
c. mountains
Q:
Compare ancient Greek ideal human proportions with the art of the Yoruba. In your opinion, which culture uses proportions that are most descriptive of the human figure? Why?
Q:
In his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, Dosio used line to accentuate the patterned surface of the ceiling and differentiate it from the ________.
a. sky outside
b. walls
c. floor
d. stained-glass windows
e. ceiling in the building next door
Q:
The dark printed words on the page of a book are easily read because they are printed on a light ground. This is an example of the principle of ________.
a. harmony d. proportion
b. variety e. emphasis
c. contrast
Q:
Dorothea Tannings work Eine Kleine Nachtmusik uses deliberately distorted scale to create an abnormal or ________ effect.
a. peaceful d. thoughtful
b. intimate e. supernatural
c. heroic
Q:
One definition of this element is a mark that connects two points.
a. line d. value
b. shape e. mass
c. color
Q:
The Swedish-born artist Claes Oldenburg uses this kind of scale in his sculptures to express admiration for the little things in everyday life.
a. human d. hierarchical
b. small e. proportional
c. monumental
Q:
Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen collaborated to create Mistos, a larger-than-life sculpture of this everyday item.
a. a book of matches d. a spoon and cherry
b. a clothes pin e. a bottle
c. a baseball bat
Q:
In his figural portraits, Robert Lostutter uses this kind of scale to create an intimate viewing experience.
a. hierarchical scale d. small scale
b. monumental scale e. proportional scale
c. human scale
Q:
An artist might use a small scale for a portrait of a lover because it implies ________.
a. intimacy d. importance
b. epic virtues e. heroism
c. distance
Q:
When an artist uses scale to indicate the relative importance of elements in a composition, he or she is employing this kind of scale.
a. human scale d. hierarchical scale
b. monumental scale e. proportional scale
c. small scale
Q:
This type of scale is common in the relief sculpture of ancient Egypt, where it was used to indicate social importance.
a. monumental d. lifesize
b. human e. hierarchical
c. miniature
Q:
The elements of art form the basic ________ of art.
a. media d. techniques
b. symbols e. methods
c. vocabulary
Q:
The Flemish artist Jan van Eyck used hierarchical scale to communicate ________ importance in his painting Madonna in a Church.
a. spiritual d. aesthetic
b. social e. intellectual
c. political
Q:
The principles of design are a kind of ________ that artists apply to the elements of art.
a. technique d. logo
b. perspective e. grammar
c. sketch
Q:
Historically, hierarchical scale has been used by artists to communicate power or rank in social and religious contexts, but identifying importance using scale (or implied scale) may also be used in visual communication design. Can you think of an example from everyday lifeperhaps in advertisingwhere scale is use to indicate importance? How is it being communicated and is it effective?
Q:
A flat work of art has two dimensions: ________ and width.
a. height d. size
b. depth e. mass
c. breadth
Q:
This group of artists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences.
a. Pop artists d. Cubists
b. Surrealists e. Orphists
c. Futurists
Q:
The size relationships between parts of an object, or its ________, affects how a viewer will interpret it.
a. proportions d. values
b. colors e. facade
c. mass
Q:
This symmetrical Chinese motif appears in art as a monster that is made from many other designs.
a. tao tieh d. horse
b. dragon e. fu dog
c. egret
Q:
________ balance is achieved when two halves of a composition are not mirror images of each other.
a. unified d. asymmetrical
b. symmetrical e. varied
c. radial
Q:
In his work Six Persimmons, the thirteenth-century Chinese monk Muqi used different visual weights on each side of the composition. This is known as ________ balance.
a. asymmetrical d. unified
b. symmetrical e. varied
c. radial
Q:
If an artist painted a street scene with one large building on the left-hand side, and two smaller buildings on the right-hand side, this would be an example of ________ balance.
a. radial d. unpredictable
b. asymmetrical e. all of these answers
c. symmetrical
Q:
Choose two artworks from the textbook: one that is an example of symmetrical balance, and one an example of asymmetrical balance. Why might each artist have chosen to create their artwork in this way? Which do you think is more effective?
Q:
The Taj Mahal was commissioned by the grieving ________ as a memorial to his third and beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.
a. Kubla Khan d. Gengis Khan
b. Gunga Din e. Shah Jahan
c. Alexander the Great
Q:
The design of the Taj Mahal and gardens uses both ________ and ________ symmetry.
a. radial and bilateral d. round and square
b. organic and geometric e. left and right
c. positive and negative
Q:
The designers of the Taj Mahal went to great lengths to use symmetry. Based on what you have read about the building and its history, what were the main ideas that the architects wanted to communicate to viewers? Why?
Q:
________ balance is achieved when all elements in a work of art are equidistant from a central point and repeat in a symmetrical way from side to side and top to bottom.
a. unified d. radial
b. symmetrical e. varied
c. asymmetrical
Q:
Tibetan Buddhist monks create colored sand images with a radial design. This representation of the universe is called a ________.
a. prayer flag d. lotus
b. mandala e. rotunda
c. prayer wheel
Q:
Why might the Buddhist monks who make sand mandalas employ radial balance and symmetry in their work? Do you think that using these principles creates a gestalt unity between the visual look of a mandala and the ideas that it expresses?
Q:
The kind of scale used for objects that appear larger than they are in real life is called ________ scale.
a. monumental d. meaningful
b. human e. proportional
c. hierarchical
Q:
Baltimore album quilts, which use variety to unify their composition, are named after these collections.
a. letters d. scrapbooks
b. museums e. libraries
c. toy trains
Q:
An artist creates an artwork made up of many different shapes, all in varying shades of blue. This artwork uses the following principles of art:
a. time and motion d. unity and variety
b. mass and texture e. scale and pattern
c. contrast and focal point
Q:
Creating visual weight and counterweight is part of an artists use of the element of ________ in creating a work of art.
a. balance d. unity
b. proportion e. variety
c. rhythm
Q:
________ balance is achieved when both sides of a composition look exactly the same.
a. asymmetrical d. unified
b. symmetrical e. varied
c. gestalt
Q:
Joseph Cornell created boxes that contain compositions of ________ objects.
a. found d. round
b. dead e. square
c. green
Q:
Look at the work of two Surrealist artists, and try to find elements of conceptual unity within their artworks. If you decide that their artworks do not have conceptual unity, discuss why this might be.
Q:
The German word that refers to something in which the whole seems greater than the sum of its parts is ________.
a. alter d. gestalt
b. klein e. gegen
c. bruder
Q:
The story of Vishnu dreaming the universe, as depicted in an Indian relief carving (1.6.9), is derived from the ________ religion.
a. Hindu d. Islamic
b. Buddhist e. Eastern Orthodox
c. Taoist
Q:
Discuss the Indian relief Vishnu Dreaming the Universe (1.6.9) as it relates to gestalt unity. How do the iconography and composition of the work create a wholeness that reflects gestalt unity?
Q:
This is a kind of visual diversity that can bring many different ideas, media, or elements together in one composition.
a. rhythm d. variety
b. unity e. proportion
c. balance
Q:
Variety can ________ a design.
a. invigorate d. connect
b. regulate e. fuse
c. order
Q:
When Robert Rauschenberg, in his work Monogram, chose to use a variety of non-traditional art materials and techniques instead of those accepted by the art world, he made a conscious effort to ________ the established art world.
a. rebel against d. support the ideas of
b. conform to e. accept
c. entertain