Q&A Hero

Q: In what way is charisma unique? A) It is considered a trait and a behavior B) It evokes strong social feelings in followers C) It requires risk to achieve goals D) It conveys their vision to their followers

Q: Two leaders have the same leadership style on the leadership grid. How do they compare to each other in terms of effectiveness? A) One is an effective leader while the other is a very ineffective leader B) Both leaders demonstrate the same level of effectiveness C) The leadership grid does not measure effectiveness so no conclusion can be drawn D) All of the above are true

Q: Which of the following is true of middle of the road managers? A) They have an ideal combination of task and interpersonal behaviors and thus are the most effective type of leader B) They are great with people because they demonstrate a compromising leadership style that is especially effective for resolving conflicts C) They are good role models because they spend equal energy on task and interpersonal behaviors D) They are equally concerned at a medium level with task behaviors and interpersonal behaviors

Q: Which factor does path-goal theory suggest is more important than the capability of the individual leader when determining leadership success? A) Ability to set goals B) Ability to influence followers to reach goals C) Access to external resources D) Being intrinsically motivated

Q: The leadership grid results in five styles of leadership based on the levels of which leader concerns? A) Motivation and ethics B) Task and people C) Charisma and ethics D) Vision and motivation

Q: Which leadership approach requires leaders to shift their behaviors to address different situations as they arise in order to be successful? A) Transformational B) Transactional C) Situational D) Personalized

Q: Situational leaders deliver the support and direction an employee needs to accomplish a given task. How does the leader determine what support and direction the employee will require for the specific task? A) Whether the employee is intrinsically or extrinsically motivated for the task B) The employee's motivation and competence for the specific task C) How the task relates to the employee's development plan D) Preferences on leadership factors such as need for control and autonomy

Q: Leader-member exchange (LMX) shares the common elements of gaining follower trust and the importance of the relationship between the leader and followers with which other leadership style? A) Transactional leadership B) Transformational leadership C) Bureaucratic leadership D) Charismatic leadership

Q: Which of the following is true of the research on trait theory? A) If you are not born with leadership traits, you can develop them B) No one is born with leadership traits but everyone can develop them C) Traits consist of task behaviors and interpersonal behaviors but you can only develop interpersonal traits D) Possessing certain traits does not translate into leadership effectiveness

Q: Leaders ________ and managers ________. A) Create the vision; accomplish goals in plans B) Inspire people; force people C) Use intrinsic motivation to lead; use extrinsic motivation to manage D) Are intrinsically motivated; are extrinsically motivated

Q: Which of the following is a true statement? A) A manager can be a leader B) A leader can be a manager C) A manager can't be a leader D) All of the above

Q: Which of the following describes a responsibility of managers? A) Helping others understand the "why" for their actions B) Creating order and efficiency C) Producing change D) Inspiring others

Q: Which of the following is not a contextual factor that could impact an organization's leader(s)? A) State of the economy B) Unemployment rate C) Organizational culture D) Follower interactions

Q: Which is not one of the three primary factors of study in contemporary leadership? A) Traits of the leader B) Situation leader faces C) Maximizing leader efficiency D) Social interactions between leaders and followers

Q: As a manager, could you use the self-fulfilling prophecy to improve your subordinate's performance? Why or why not?

Q: Which of the following can be used to more effectively manage the perceptual process? A) Critical reflection process B) Perception and attribution C) Selective attention and perception D) Self-serving bias

Q: What process in the second stage of the critical reflection process helps you to evaluate the validity of your perceptions? A) Self-analysis B) Self-reflection C) Experiential analysis D) Consultation

Q: Which of the following is not a stage in the critical reflection process? A) Identifying the influence of values and beliefs B) Aligning new behaviors with values C) Determining different possibilities D) Considering behaviors needed to achieve future goals

Q: What should you do if you want to manage your process of perception? A) Critical reflection B) Engage in the self-fulfilling prophecy C) Explain to others that all perceptions are biased D) Improve your decision making

Q: You attribute a subordinate's chronic tardiness to internal factors. What category describes their behavior? A) Consensus B) Poor time management C) Consistency D) Distinctiveness

Q: One of your coworkers is chronically late arriving at work, returning from lunch, and coming to meetings, but interestingly they are never late to leave at the end of the workday. What attribution will you make? A) Internal B) External C) Consistency D) Consensus

Q: Which is not one of the three categories of attribution? A) Consensus B) Congruency C) Distinctiveness D) Consistency

Q: What does the process of attribution describe? A) Behavior of others B) Behavior of self C) Assigning credit or blame D) Categorizing by level and dimension

Q: What are the dimensions of attribution? A) Internal, external B) Intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, organizational C) Individual, group, organizational D) Credit, blame

Q: What is the first step to using the self-fulfilling prophecy to improve your mentee's sales performance? A) Attend training about sales and perceptions and tell your mentee about it B) Dedicate more time to develop your mentee's professional image, focusing on their behavior and attire C) You can't start a self-fulfilling prophecy to improve someone else's sales performance D) Since your expectations of your mentee's sales skills will form your behavior toward them, you should increase your expectations about their sales capabilities and skills

Q: What type of bias could occur if an HR manager hires the candidate who attended the same university they did? A) Stereotyping B) In-group favoritism C) Halo effect D) Horns effect

Q: What would result from a manager expecting high performance from his subordinates using the self-fulfilling prophecy? A) Performance is objectively higher B) Decision making is improved C) The impact of perceptual biases is reduced D) Eliminate the self-serving bias

Q: A stereotype is a type of ________. A) Threat B) Error C) Shortcut D) Discrimination

Q: During the annual company picnic, a "friendly" debate erupts over who performed best in the ultimate Frisbee game played at last year's picnic. The battle lines are drawn between departments, and everyone insists the best performance was demonstrated by those in their own departments. What might be the root cause of this debate? A) Selective perception B) Halo effect C) Performance bias D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

Q: What concept describes overestimating bias in others' decisions and underestimating the bias in our own decisions? A) Self-serving bias B) Hindsight bias C) Selective perception D) Bias blind spot

Q: Which is not part of the process of perception? A) Organize and interpret information B) Create response to stimuli C) Identify and/or create patterns in information D) Select and attend to some, but not all, stimuli

Q: How long has research found first impressions last? A) Less than an hour of interaction B) Until new perceptions conflict with the initial judgments C) Until the person joins your in-group D) Initial judgments persist for months

Q: What is a benefit of not perceiving all stimuli in your environment? A) You can think about other things while listening to your manager speak B) You can interpret relevant things and only perceive them C) You would be overwhelmed by perceiving everything D) You can always focus your attention on the most important things

Q: How quickly will someone you first encounter make multiple judgments about you? A) Less than a second B) One minute C) Five minutes D) It depends on the context

Q: What do our perceptions consist of? A) Our experience combined with current stimuli B) Our current reality C) The stimuli that surrounds us D) A portion of the stimuli that surrounds us

Q: What would you perceive as novel and distinct? A) Your 75-year-old OB teacher driving a yellow Hummer B) Someone carrying an umbrella on a rainy day C) Cars that are the same color as yours D) The perception of distinctiveness is based on behavioral factors

Q: Why should a manager work to understand perceptions? A) Improve decision making B) Reduce conflict C) Create normative perspectives D) Better utilize heuristics

Q: What is the similarity between perceptions and heuristics? A) Their underlying purpose B) They rely on incomplete information C) They can be improved through training D) They can be used interchangeably

Q: You have just finished presenting your development plan for an innovative new product to your management team. You wanted to make sure that everything was communicated clearly so you used PowerPoint on the projector, distributed hard copies of the presentation to everyone, and made sure you included all critical numeric information on the slides instead of reporting some stats orally. You really think you have done a good job catering to the different learning and attention styles of your management team, so it is likely that management will approve your plan. Given your extensive preparations, which of the following should you expect after your presentation? A) The managers will understand what you have conveyed but not approve your plan B) The managers will understand what you have conveyed and approve your plan C) The managers will understand what you have conveyed and approve your plan after some changes are made D) Everyone who attended the presentation, yourself and each manager included, will understand what you have conveyed slightly differently

Q: The nature of work has changed and is now more complex and reliant on information than ever before. Given this shift, a greater understanding of which of the following is more important for organizations to succeed? A) Teamwork B) Learning C) Intelligence D) Management

Q: Jim had a bad habit of arriving to work late. His boss Carlos, wanted Jim to arrive on time. Carlos decided to have Jim make up the time he missed by working late. When Jim arrived on time, he had 15 minutes added to his lunch hour. It didn't take long for Jim to begin arriving on time so that he could have extra time for lunch and not have to work late. Which of the following best explains what happened in this situation? A) Jim learned that arriving late had consequences B) Jim experienced action learning C) Jim wanted a promotion D) Carlos changed Jim's behavior through operant conditioning

Q: The two abilities developed by those increasing their cognitive complexity are ________ and ________. A) Differentiation; integration B) Micro; macro C) Detail; big picture D) IQ; EQ

Q: Many entrepreneurs accept failure as part of the development and refinement process of their new idea, product, or process. They don't see the failure as the end but rather a valuable part of the learning process. They are also known for "thinking outside the box" to create innovative processes or products. They take risks and challenges and ultimately learn from the development process. Which of the following is most characteristic of entrepreneurs? A) Learning goal orientation B) Performance goal orientation C) Cognitive complexity D) Learning flexibility

Q: Research has shown that intelligence accounts for about ________ of success in management and leadership positions. A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 95%

Q: As children progress through grade levels at school, their ________ increases. A) Intelligence B) Cognitive complexity C) Learning goal orientation D) Performance goal orientation

Q: Sam strives for high performance in her work and is focused on doing her assignment well. Though she was offered a promotion, Sam declined the opportunity. A new position would mean she would have to learn a lot of new tasks and skills, and it would take a while for her to perform at the high level that she is striving for. She decided to stay in her current job rather than take on the challenge of learning a new position. Which of the following best describes Sam's orientation? A) Learning goal orientation B) Performance goal orientation C) Flexible goal orientation D) Consistent goal orientation

Q: Adam is an entrepreneur and is always trying out new inventions and exploring new ideas. He isn't always successful, and when a project fails, he learns from the experience and uses what he learns to continue developing and creating. Which orientation does Adam have? A) Learning goal orientation B) Performance goal orientation C) Flexible goal orientation D) Consistent goal orientation

Q: Employers understand that while a recent college graduate will have many skills obtained through their formal study, they should not expect any graduates to have ________. A) Learning flexibility B) Cognitive complexity C) Intelligence D) Expertise

Q: Intelligence is ________ throughout life while learning is ________ throughout life. A) Improved; diminished B) A process that continues; relatively fixed C) Relatively fixed; a process that continues D) A process that continues; a process that continues

Q: Describe a benefit and a disadvantage of determining an individual's role in a group project based on their learning style.

Q: A team using action learning to solve a problem will engage in which step last? A) Refine the problem B) Seek further clarification C) Gather multiple perspectives D) Solution implementation

Q: At a training session, teams were asked to recall a recent problem they faced and examine multiple aspects of that problem differently with guidance and coaching from the trainers. Through this formal analysis, the teams considered how they could improve various aspects of problem solving and coordination among themselves. Teams then practiced their new strategies using a test problem and discussed how they could further improve their plans. What concept does this activity illustrate? A) Action learning B) Cognitive complexity C) Creating learning style D) Social learning

Q: Provide an example that illustrates each phase of the learning cycle for a single task.

Q: Individuals with the ________ learning style like to directly engage with people and accomplish goals, but they may take action without considering alternatives first. These individuals often specialize in careers like human resources, general management, teaching, and sales. A) Acting B) Creating C) Deciding D) Planning

Q: One of your teammates, Mary, seems to thrive on problem solving and really likes to be the one who "solves" the problem for the team. Mary likely has a(n) ________ learning style. A) Creating B) Planning C) Deciding D) Acting

Q: Alan Wilson, CEO of food spice company McCormick, Inc. stated that "when someone introduces you to their culture, one of the first things they do is to introduce you to their food" because the food allows you to learn about the culture. What type of learning does this illustrate? A) Experiential learning B) Social learning C) Action learning D) Interpersonal learning

Q: Your manager always carriers her clipboard with her to-do list and often to-do lists for other people or departments. She makes the rounds once or twice a day talking to everyone about how the projects or tasks will be finished. Which learning style does your manager demonstrate? A) Creative learning style B) Deciding learning style C) Acting learning style D) Planning learning style

Q: How has the paradigm shift in the conception of learning changed the role of behavioral changes in the learning process?

Q: Studying behavioral changes and mental processes are the key aspects of ________. A) Behavioral learning B) Cognitive learning C) Social learning D) Experiential learning

Q: Amelia has spent two full days training at her new job. Her manager worked with her the first day and she watched and practiced on a register the second day with an experienced cashier. She now feels confident that she is ready to run a register on her own. Amelia's sense of self-determination and confidence is known as ________. A) Performance expectation B) Training completion C) Self-efficacy D) Overconfidence

Q: You are taking a public speaking course and have just been given your first assignment. The instructor gives an example of the presentation you have been assigned so that you can see what you are expected to do before you prepare your presentation. What process is at work in this situation? A) Behavioral based learning B) Imitation C) Modeling D) Repetition

Q: When food spice company McCormick, Inc. enters new markets, they make an effort to learn about the local culture from the native citizens. In addition to observing what food products the natives prefer, they also learn about local business practices and suppliers. Which of the following best describes McCormick's practice of shaping their business practices and offerings to best match local markets? A) Action learning approach B) Behavioral learning approach C) Cognitive learning approach D) Social learning approach

Q: Which approach to learning combines mental processes with behavioral changes to form a more complete picture of learning? A) Behavioral learning B) Cognitive learning C) Social learning D) Experiential learning

Q: Contemporary organizations rely on learning for all but which of the following processes? A) Solving problems B) Innovation C) Acting on knowledge D) Guiding management

Q: You have just completed your first day of training by shadowing a senior employee at your new job. Much of the day's activities were centered on watching the employee run the cash register while you watched and listened as they explained each process to you. After this training, you feel confident that you will be able to run the register by yourself. Which learning perspective includes your belief in your ability to perform something that you have observed, such as your confidence in running the register on your own? A) Behavioral B) Cognitive C) Imitation D) Social

Q: What is the relationship between social, cognitive, and behavioral learning approaches? A) These are the three approaches that comprise learning B) These are different ways to conceptualize learning C) These factors are interdependent D) These factors are completely independent

Q: How can employers use EQ and IQ in their workplace? Explain your answer.

Q: Manager E has just learned that emotional intelligence is a great predictor of workplace performance. Which of the following would be the best choice for Manager E to measure the emotional intelligence of subordinates? A) Ask their manager if they have high or low emotional intelligence B) Ask the person to role play how they would respond in different customer interactions and measure their responses C) Ask the person to rate their own level of emotional intelligence D) Use their score on emotional labor because the two concepts are so closely related

Q: A student received a poor grade on an exam. Which thought will the student have if they have a high internal locus of control? A) "I don't care about that class so it really doesn't bother me." B) "I am not good in that subject. It's not in my major and I'm only taking it because I have to." C) "I am going to change my study habits so that I can improve on the next exam." D) "The teacher never taught us that material, so it's no surprise my grade was bad."

Q: Positive and constructive feedback increases ________. A) Locus of control B) Attitude C) Self-efficacy D) Machiavellianism

Q: What would be the most likely measure for a high school guidance counselor to give to a student starting to make plans after their graduation? A) EQ measure B) IQ measure C) Big 5 personality inventory D) Projective test

Q: The Big 5 describes your personality ________ while the MBTI describes your personality ________. A) In personal interactions; with the focus on the workplace B) With five dimensions; using four dimensions C) In psychological terms; using terms derived from research D) That you openly express; that you feel but don't express

Q: Which of the following is not a result of the MBTI? A) IMTP B) ESTJ C) INTP D) ENFP

Q: Someone who often makes rash and hasty decisions would likely score high on the ________ dimension of personality. A) Feeling B) Sensing C) Intuiting D) Judging

Q: Which personality measure is used in most Fortune 500 companies? A) Big Five B) MBTI C) IQ D) EQ

Q: One of your subordinates is very shy and does not speak up in meetings to express her ideas. Your personal belief is that personality is fixed and does not change over time. You don't think that there is anything you can do to make her less shy so you don't change how you interact with her. Your belief and actions show that you approach personality with the ________ perspective. A) Personality B) Heredity C) Environment D) Change

Q: One of your subordinates is very shy and does not speak up in meetings to express her ideas. Your personal belief is that personality changes and develops over time, so you begin asking for her opinion during meetings in an attempt to include her in the discussion with the goal that over time she will feel more comfortable speaking up and be less shy. Your belief and actions show that you approach personality with the ________ perspective. A) Personality B) Heredity C) Environment D) Change

Q: Two HR managers are writing an ad announcing a job opportunity but they disagree about which characteristics should be required of applicants for the position, and they want to specify requirements in the ad. Manager A wants to require all of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that the position requires because they can't easily be changed. Manager B thinks it is OK to have some but not all of these characteristics because they can train a promising candidate to fulfill the requirements. It is likely that these managers differ philosophically about changing personality. Manager A likely holds the ________ perspective while Manager B probably holds the ________ perspective. A) Heredity; environment B) Behavior; emotional C) Non-trainable; trainable D) IQ; EQ

Q: Which factor is positively correlated with performance? A) IQ B) EQ C) Agreeableness D) Emotional stability

Q: The traditional practice at work has been for employees to "leave your baggage at the door" which means when at work, don't bring any personal emotions or problems. By asking employees to divorce themselves from the emotions from events in their personal lives while at work, what are employers trying to minimize? A) Emotional labor B) Emotional contagion C) Emotional spillover D) Felt emotions