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Q:
Co-workers are important organizational socialization agents.
Q:
Realistic job previews improve organizational socialization by ensuring that applicants develop more accurate pre-employment expectations.
Q:
Reality shock occurs on or before the first day of work, then quickly subsides.
Q:
Reality shock occurs when you perceive a discrepancy between your pre-employment expectations and on-the-job reality.
Q:
Impression management can distort pre-employment for employers.
Q:
Explain the statement, "Structure follows strategy."
Q:
Distinguish between simple and complex environments. Which element of organizational structure best suits a complex environment?
Q:
What is a network structure?Explain.
Q:
Discuss the problems with the matrix structure.
Q:
Explain why companies are moving away from structures that organize people around geographic clusters.
Q:
An entrepreneur employs 20 people, whom he supervises personally. However, within a few years the company will likely employ over 200 people in production, sales, engineering and administration due to the growing success of the company's new products. The entrepreneur likes the current structure and wants to avoid other forms of departmentalization. Explain why the entrepreneur should consider other forms of departmentalization as the company grows larger.
Q:
Identify what kinds of environments that mechanistic and organic organizational structures are best for, and explain why.
Q:
What are "mechanistic" and "organic" structures? What are their characteristics?
Q:
Define span of control and distinguish between narrow and wide span of control.
Q:
What do cross-functional work teams typically consist of and which coordinating strategy best suits this work methodology?
Q:
Explain the two fundamental requirements of organizational structures.
Q:
ABC Production
ABC Production, a consumer products firm with a functional structure, is expanding from a single product line into several diverse product groups, with most sales within one country. What form of departmentalization should it eventually adopt to manage the new conditions most effectively?
A. Divisional geographic structure
B. Network structure
C. Matrix structure
D. Divisional product structure
E. Retain the functional structure
Q:
Food4U
Food4U, a wholesale grocery business, operates in one city and provides one service - stocking retailers with fresh produce. The company wants to ensure that employees develop expertise in their skill specialization and that these specializations are used efficiently.
A potential problem with this form of structure is:
A. inefficient resource utilization.
B. increased costs.
C. excessive focus on clients.
D. ambiguous accountability.
E. higher dysfunctional conflict.
Q:
Tammy
Tammy recently earned her degree in nursing and has begun a career path in the surgical ward at a local hospital. Her training program consists of a year-long internship, working with senior nurses. While in school, Tammy worked in a medical lab performing routine blood tests. The lab technician job required her to take a two-week course and refer to a procedures manual for her work on a daily basis.
Which coordinating mechanism was most important in Tammy's job as a lab technician?
A. Direct supervision
B. Integrator roles
C. Job descriptions
D. Extensive training
E. Decentralization
Q:
An organization that wants to compete through innovation should:A. adopt an organic structure and make extensive use of informal communication to coordinate work.B. centralize by typically giving the decision making authority to those at the top of the organizational hierarchy and formalize its organizational structure.C. coordinate employees by establishing formal rules and procedures.D. switch to a cost leadership strategy as quickly as possible.E. adopt a mechanistic structure with functional departmentalization.
Q:
Two technological contingencies that influence the best type of organizational structure are:
A. dynamism and hostility.
B. organic and mechanistic.
C. variability and analyzability.
D. formalization and division of labor.
E. coordination and formalization.
Q:
Larger organizations:
A. make greater use of standardization than do smaller firms.
B. have similar structures to smaller organizations.
C. operate without any form of departmentalization for long periods of time.
D. make less use of informal communication as a coordinating mechanism.
E. are never decentralized.
Q:
A steel manufacturing firm with about 1,000 employees operates in an environment that is simple and integrated (it makes a small number of steel products to a few key customers) but also dynamic and hostile (rapidly changing technology and customer needs with many competitors). Based on the environment in which this company operates, it would be more successful with a(n):A. organic structure.B. centralized structure.C. divisionalized structure.D. matrix structure.E. mechanistic structure.
Q:
A divisionalized structure is recommended mainly for:
A. stable environments.
B. diverse environments.
C. munificent environments.
D. integrated environments.
E. simple environments.
Q:
Organic structures are better than mechanistic structures for:
A. hostile environments.
B. stable environments.
C. munificent environments.
D. munificent and complex environments.
E. simple and stable environments.
Q:
For which type of environment should organizations adopt an organic structure?
A. Munificent environment
B. Dynamic environment
C. Stable environment
D. Simple environment
E. Routine environment
Q:
Organizational size, technology, and environment are:A. the three dimensions of span of control.B. three of the four ways to avoid using coordinating mechanisms.C. three conditions that do not influence a simple structure.D. the three factors that distinguish a virtual corporation from a network structure.E. three of the four contingencies of organizational design.
Q:
The increasing recognition that an organization has only a few core competencies is one of the forces pushing towards more:
A. functional structures.
B. simple structures.
C. client-based divisionalized structures.
D. network structures.
E. team-based structures.
Q:
Which organizational structure actually consists of several organizations?
A. Divisionalized structure
B. Functional structure
C. Simple structure
D. Matrix structure
E. Network structure
Q:
Creative Advertising Corp. wants its 100 employees to work together around specific clients yet maintain an equal emphasis on alignment with their skill specializations (advertising, graphics, copywriting and public relations). Which of the following organizational structures would work best for Creative Advertising Corp.?
A. Geographical divisional structure
B. Simple structure with client-based divisional structure
C. Network structure
D. Client-based divisionalized form
E. Matrix structure that overlays project teams with a functional structure
Q:
Most employees at Quokka Systems are organized into project teams. Employees report to the project leader, but they also report to a leader responsible for their functional specialization (such as engineering or marketing). Quokka Systems has a:A. simple structure.B. client-based divisionalized structure.C. matrix structure.D. product-based divisionalized structure.E. functional structure.
Q:
One of the defining characteristics of a matrix organizational structure is that it:
A. overlays two organizational structures in order to leverage the benefits of both.
B. has a narrow span of control and high degree of formalization and centralization.
C. is the only structure that organizes employees around specific knowledge or other resources.
D. uses self-directed work teams rather than individuals as the basic building block of organizations.
E. is an alliance of several organizations for the purpose of creating a product or serving a client.
Q:
Team-based organizational structures are usually found:
A. in the manufacturing operations of larger divisionalized structures.
B. in organizations that organize employees around distinct regions of the country or world.
C. in matrix organizations.
D. in government departments and agencies.
E. in stand-alone organizations that have no other organizational structures.
Q:
Which form of departmentalization tends to have a very flat hierarchy, little formalization and organizes employees around work processes?
A. Geographical structure
B. Functional structure
C. Team-based structure
D. Matrix structure
E. Network structure
Q:
Communication flows in all directions with little concern for the formal hierarchy in a(n) _____ structure, but this structure is costly to maintain due to the need for ongoing interpersonal skill training.
A. mechanistic
B. centralized
C. team-based
D. functional
E. divisional
Q:
A team-based organizational structure has a:A. tall organizational hierarchy.B. high degree of formalization.C. decentralized organization structure.D. mechanistic organizational structure.E. narrow span of control.
Q:
Team-based organizations have:A. hourly wages and generous employee benefits.B. supervisors as the main source of direction and control.C. a tall hierarchy.D. communities of practice.E. a wide span of control.
Q:
The _____ structure tends to duplicate resources, such as production equipment and engineering or information technology expertise.
A. divisional
B. functional
C. simple
D. matrix
E. network
Q:
Freer trade, advances in information technology, and more global customers are pressuring many large global companies to:
A. shift away from geographically-based to more client-based divisionalized structures.
B. increase direct supervision as the main coordinating mechanism.
C. shift away from divisionalized structures into functional structures.
D. disband their team-based structures in favor of simple structures.
E. shift from functional structures to geographically-based divisionalized structures.
Q:
Many companies are moving away from divisionalized structures that organize people around:
A. functional specializations.
B. clients.
C. geographic clusters.
D. products.
E. emerging forms of technology.
Q:
A consumer products firm with a functional structure is expanding from a single product line into several diverse product groups, with most sales within one country. Which of the following should it eventually adopt to manage the new conditions most effectively?
A. Geographic divisional structure
B. Client divisional structure
C. Matrix structure
D. Product divisional structure
E. Simple structure
Q:
One problem with a functional structure is that:A. it is more difficult to directly supervise employees within each department.B. it produces higher dysfunctional conflict and poorer coordination.C. it makes it difficult to permit greater specialization of skills.D. it prevents companies from creating economies of scale.E. employees have difficulty creating career paths within their area of knowledge.
Q:
When functional structures are compared with divisionalized structures, functional structures are known to:
A. create better economies of scale.
B. be more responsive to local markets.
C. encourage employees to focus on the organization's superordinate goals.
D. be more decentralized.
E. be more responsive to client needs and reduce conflict across work units.
Q:
A wholesale grocery business operates in one city and provides one servicestocking retailers with fresh produce. The company wants to ensure that employees develop expertise in their skill specialization and that these specializations are used efficiently. The aim is to create specialized pools of talent that serve everyone in the company. Which of the following forms of departmentalization would be most appropriate here?
A. Simple structure
B. Matrix structure
C. Geographic divisional structure
D. Functional structure
E. Product divisional structure
Q:
One of the defining characteristics of a functional organizational structure is that it:
A. has a narrow span of control and high degree of formalization and centralization.
B. is the structure that organizes employees around specific knowledge or other resources.
C. overlays two organizational structures in order to leverage the benefits of both types of structure.
D. uses self-directed work teams rather than individuals as the basic building block of organizations.
E. is an alliance of several organizations for the purpose of creating a product or serving a client.
Q:
Which of the following forms of departmentalization organizes employees around specific skills or other resources?
A. Divisional structure
B. Functional structure
C. Simple structure
D. Matrix structure
E. Network structure
Q:
The simple structure usually depends on _____ to coordinate work activities, so it is very difficult to operate as the company grows and becomes more complex.
A. the owner's direct supervision
B. standardization through formal instructions
C. formal training (standardizing skills)
D. standardization of product or service outputs
E. decentralization
Q:
_____ establishes the chain of command - the system of common supervision among positions and units within the organization.
A. Span of control
B. Formalization
C. Centralization
D. Job rotation
E. Departmentalization
Q:
Which of the following organizational design elements determines the sharing of resources and encourages coordination through informal communication?
A. Span of control
B. Formalization
C. Centralization
D. Departmentalization
E. Standardization
Q:
Mechanistic structures operate best:
A. in stable environments.
B. where employees dislike hierarchy and status.
C. when there are horizontal rather than vertical communication flows.
D. where knowledge management is a competitive advantage to the organization.
E. where employees perform tasks with high variability and low analyzability.
Q:
An organic structure has:
A. a narrow span of control.
B. centralized decision making.
C. little formalization.
D. vertical communication flows.
E. rigidly defined tasks.
Q:
Span of control, centralization, and formalization together form a cluster around two broader organizational forms called:
A. hierarchical and delayered structures.
B. networked and team-based structures.
C. geographic and product/client divisions.
D. organic and mechanistic structures.
E. diverse and integrated structures.
Q:
Formalization in organizational structures tends to:
A. reduce organizational flexibility.
B. encourage organizational learning and creativity.
C. disperse decision authority and power throughout the organization.
D. increase organizational learning.
E. decrease efficiency and compliance.
Q:
As organizations grow older, they tend to:A. become more formalized.B. have a more centralized structure.C. move toward a simple form of departmentalization.D. shift from a mechanistic to an organic structure.E. operate with a wide span of control and less standardization.
Q:
_____ is the degree to which organizations standardize behavior through rules, procedures, formal training, and related mechanisms.
A. Departmentalization
B. Span of control
C. Formalization
D. Centralization
E. Division of labor
Q:
Organizational and environmental complexities push organizations toward:A. formalization.B. a more mechanistic structure.C. decentralization.D. a simple structure.E. a narrow span of control.
Q:
Candoo Ltd. will soon flatten its hierarchy by removing two of the five layers of management. If the number of employees in the organization remains constant, which of the following must also occur?
A. It must adopt a matrix form of departmentalization.
B. It must widen the span of control.
C. It must rely more on direct supervision than on standardization to coordinate the resulting structure.
D. It must centralize decision making.
E. It must discourage employee empowerment.
Q:
Flatter organizational structures:
A. tend to reduce overhead costs.
B. receive lower quality information from the external environment.
C. undermine employee empowerment and engagement.
D. receive less timely information from the external environment.
E. narrow the span of control for supervisors.
Q:
A wider span of control is possible if:
A. employees manage themselves rather than being coordinated through close supervision.
B. the company has a high degree of formalization and operates in a complex environment.
C. the organization has few employees and a tall hierarchy.
D. the company does not rely on self-directed teams.
E. very few people report directly to a manager.
Q:
Many of the best-performing production plants are able to widen their span of control to more than 70 employees per supervisor by:
A. teaching supervisors how to more efficiently monitor employees.
B. giving up on the idea that all employees must perform their fair share of work.
C. hiring supervisors who intimidate employees more often.
D. relying on self-directed work teams and other coordinating mechanisms.
E. introducing video cameras and other technologies to help supervisors to monitor more employees.
Q:
When work activities are too complex to standardize through procedures or goals, companies often coordinate work effort:
A. through direct supervision.
B. by extensively training employees.
C. by giving one employee most of the tasks previously divided among many people.
D. through further division of labor.
E. through formal hierarchy.
Q:
Which of the following is typically most important among people working in hospital surgical operations?
A. Organizational goals
B. Integrator roles
C. Job descriptions
D. Extensive training
E. Company rules
Q:
Standardizing work through job descriptions and procedures:
A. is a form of coordination.
B. is more common when the work is complex and ambiguous.
C. tends to reduce quality and consistency.
D. is unnecessary in large organizations.
E. is more common in organic rather than mechanistic structures.
Q:
Coordination through formal hierarchy relies on:
A. informal communication.
B. job descriptions.
C. goals and objectives.
D. direct supervision.
E. specialized skills of the employees.
Q:
In organizational structures, integrator roles serve mainly as:
A. a form of standardization.
B. an informal communication coordinating mechanism.
C. a form of direct supervision.
D. technological contingency.
E. main element in divisionalized structures.
Q:
Coordination of work activities is:
A. required whenever there is division of labor.
B. required only in team-based organizations.
C. required whenever the organization has more than approximately 100 employees.
D. required only when organizations operate in complex environments.
E. discouraged in organizations as it leads to a high degree of interdependence among employees.
Q:
To increase work efficiency and make it easier to match employee competencies with job requirements, companies:
A. divide work into more specialized jobs.
B. rely on formal hierarchy as a coordinating mechanism.
C. rely on a narrow span of control.
D. centralize decision making.
E. rely on formal hierarchy and a narrow span of control.
Q:
Dividing work into more specialized jobs:
A. increases training costs.
B. reduces work efficiency.
C. reduces the opportunity to match people with appropriate jobs.
D. increases the time taken in changing from one task to another.
E. gives an opportunity to the job incumbents to master their tasks quickly.
Q:
Which of the following fundamental requirements do all organizational structures have?
A. Flatter span of control and decentralization
B. Division of labor and coordination
C. Decentralization and divisionalization
D. Coordination and decentralization
E. Centralization and outsourcing
Q:
"Structure follows strategy" means that organizational designers should base their choice of structure on the implications of their strategic decisions.
Q:
If a company chooses a low-cost strategy, an organic structure is preferred because it maximizes production and service efficiency.
Q:
If a company's strategy is to compete through innovation, a more organic structure is preferred.
Q:
Organizational strategy influences both the contingencies of structure and the structure itself.
Q:
Contingencies such as size, technology, and environment do not necessarily determine an organization's structure.
Q:
When tasks have high variability and low analyzability, a mechanistic structure works better than an organic structure.
Q:
Larger firms tend to be more centralized and make greater use of direct supervision than do smaller firms.
Q:
The more integrated its environment, the more an organization would benefit from a divisionalized form of departmentalization.
Q:
Decentralization is the preferred strategy for organizations in simple, integrated (one market), and hostile environments.
Q:
Mechanistic structures are better suited to dynamic environments than to stable environments.
Q:
A potential disadvantage of network structures is that they expose the core firm to market forces.