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Q:
The Local Assembly, the basic unit in the Knights of Labor:
a. Could veto any matter raised by the Executive Board.
b. Could veto any matter raised by the Executive Board and provided the major source of members.
c. Provided the major source of members.
d. Was often involved in a key KOL activity the strike.
e. Counted on financial support from the KOL during strike actions.
Q:
Big Bill Haywood, an initial organizer of the IWW:
a. Founded the KOL.
b. Was largely responsible for turning the IWW into a highly effective organization.
c. Defended the capitalistic system until he was assassinated by left wing radicals.
d. Agreed with Gompers that overthrow of the existing capitalistic system by any means possible was the sole goal of labor unions.
e. Promoted anti-capitalism ideas.
Q:
Powderly felt employees who joined the KOL:
a. Needed to loosen up a bit and have a good time at union functions such as picnics and needed to be educated on major problems which they were previously unable to understand.
b. Needed to be educated on major problems with they were previously unable to understand.
c. Needed to loosen up a bit and have a good time at union functions such as picnics.
d. Knew what was best for them.
e. Did not care for unions.
Q:
The Knights of Labor (KOL) differed from the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in that the KOL:
a. Assumed employees and employers had similar interests.
b. Allowed most employees to join their organization without much regard to occupation.
c. Spoke out against the effects on the employee of the existing manufacturing system.
d. Wanted to change the existing wage and profit system.
e. All of these are differences between the KOL and the IWW.
Q:
"Pure and Simple Unionism, approach was most identified with the:
a. Unions seeking to change the existing capitalist system.
b. American Railway Union.
c. Industrial Workers of the World.
d. American Federation of Labor.
e. Knights of Labor.
Q:
The Open Shop and Mohawk Valley Formula were techniques used by:
a. The Knights of Labor and the IWW to obtain more members.
b. The CIO of obtain more members.
c. The AFL and CIO to merge organizations in 1955.
d. Employers to minimize the existence of unions and union members at their facilities.
e. The Knights of Labor, the IWW, and the CIO to obtain more members.
Q:
The AFL represented:
a. One big union that eliminated the identity of unions joining the AFL.
b. A Knights of Labor committee that handled the strategic planning duties.
c. A group that supported the basic philosophy of the IWW.
d. A federation or service organization that unions could join and still retain their separate identities and collective bargaining concerns.
e. A Knights of Labor committee that handled the strategic planning duties and a group that supported the basic philosophy of the IWW.
Q:
A substitute provided by employers in their effort to counteract unionism is:
a. The rejection of the open-shop movement.
b. The elimination of the scrip as currency.
c. To employ semiskilled workers.
d. The passage of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
e. The formation of Employee Representation Plans.
Q:
The Haymarket Riot:
a. Was over agricultural subsidies with were not given as promised.
b. Led to the downfall of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
c. Represented a protest for the eight-hour day.
d. Represented a physical clash between tow labor organizations the AFL and the CIO.
e. Increased the effectiveness of the KOL.
Q:
Employee Representation Plans (ERPs) were:
a. Employer-originated alternative unionism.
b. Affiliated with the Knights of Labor.
c. The earliest forms of employee health insurance.
d. Affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.
e. Fronts for radical labor ideologies.
Q:
The Congress of Industrial Organizations tremendous success in organizing employees after its formation in 1935 was due in part to:
a. The AFLs preference to actively grow the labor movement.
b. The AFLs preference to enroll semiskilled production employees.
c. The AFLs acceptance of the concept of industrial unionism.
d. The CIOs ability to organize workers in mass production industries.
e. The Red Scare.
Q:
The Pullman Strike:
a. Reflected the importance of international forces in labor disputes.
b. Increased the membership and strengthened the power of the ARU.
c. Showed that rival unions such as the AFL and the ARU can pull together on significant labor disputes.
d. Illustrated that a small union like the ARU can overcome a large employer if members rally to a common cause.
e. Increased the membership and strengthened the power of the ARU.
Q:
The CIO split from the AFL because of the CIOs emphasis on:
a. Employee Representation Plans.
b. having Gompers lead CIO unions into greatness.
c. organizing craft workers.
d. Republican party politics.
e. organizing employees in mass-production industries.
Q:
The Civil War encouraged the growth of unions as it:
a. Refined and encouraged mass production techniques.
b. Encouraged the idea of focusing on skilled workers under a single factory roof.
c. Promoted the creation of the IWW.
d. Created conditions to discourage the organization of labor.
e. Created better employer-employee relationships.
Q:
A labor injunction:
a. Clarified the ability of union leaders to identify and satisfy members goals and interests.
b. Was a more reliable means of allowing employee concerted activities.
c. Imposed restrictions on who could serve on juries.
d. Is the same as a yellow-dog contract.
e. Is a court order prohibiting certain activities in conjunction with a labor dispute.
Q:
One of Samuel Gompers ideas which still conveys the political philosophy of organized labor today is:
a. To establish a third independent political party that could best represent labors interests and attempted to change the existing capitalist system.
b. To decrease alliances with political parties.
c. The dictum of reward your friends, punish your enemies.
d. To change the existing capitalist system.
e. To support the Republican party.
Q:
The first signs of employee organizations in the United States occurred among:
a. Railroad workers.
b. Skilled craftspeople such as shoemakers.
c. Unskilled general laborers.
d. Public employees.
e. Steelworkers.
Q:
John L. Lewis was:
a. The first president of the CIO.
b. A U.S. senator known for the Lewis Bill of Employee Rights.
c. The first president of the AFL.
d. The first labor-backed president of the United States.
e. The founder of IWW.
Q:
The Homestead Incident:
a. Received more favorable media attention than the Haymarket Riot.
b. Involved unilateral wage reductions at a Carnegie owned steel mill.
c. Showed that AFL could offer some financial support to one of its member unions.
d. Resulted in a drop in the membership of the national union.
e. Represented a victory for employees.
Q:
The strength or likely continued success of any labor organization can be assessed by focusing on four criteria except:
a. A labor organizations structural and financial stability.
b. A shift in economic conditions.
c. Its ability to work within the established political and economic system, particularly the wage system.
d. The degree to which the broader social environment, such as laws, media, and public opinion, is supportive or opposed to a labor organizations goals and tactics.
e. Was passed over organized labors strong opposition.
Q:
Opposition to the war and the Soviet revolution in Russia in 1917 led to what was called the Red Scare: A general concern that a communist revolution would happen in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Byrnes Act of 1936 allowed employers to transport strikebreakers for the purpose of using force or threats against union organizers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Samuel Gompers, AFL president, proclaimed the Clayton Act to be the Magna Charta of U.S. labor; however, the Clayton Act hurt union growth more than it helped.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The yellow-dog contract guaranteed that employees would neither join a union nor assist in organizing one.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The "civil conspiracy" doctrine held that a group involved in concerted activities was unlawful if harm was inflicted on customers or other employees.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The "criminal conspiracy" doctrine involved employees rights to organize unions as well as the effect of strong employee dissatisfaction leading to the closing of factories.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Great Depression of the 1930s convinced many employees that hard work and loyalty (not unions) insured continued employment and other good working conditions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The AFL under Gompers leadership believed the existing social system should be dramatically changed by any means possible, including revolutionary methods if necessary.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Unions received favorable public opinion after World War II because of their strict adherence to the no strike pledge during the war and the rather modest wage requests after the war.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Employers actively opposed unions after World War I by supporting the open-shop movement.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Two major bargaining issues since World War II have been adjustments to technological change and safeguards against inflation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Samuel Gompers efforts paid off in spectacular growth in membership in the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
a. True
b. False
Q:
The trend toward multi-year labor agreements after World War II put pressure on union leaders to safeguard wage increases against the possibility of increases in the inflation rate.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One of the reasons for the decline of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), was its alienation of the news media and government officials.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The merger of the AFL and CIO in 1955 has minimized raiding between the two organizations, but has not resulted in an increase in union membership or political influence.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Homestead Incident, unlike the Ludlow Massacre, showed the public that union and management officials could resolve their differences in a non-violent fashion.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Member unions of the Change to Win federation are encouraged to devote 50 percent of their annual operating budget toward union organizing activities, compared to a goal of 30 percent for AFL-CIO affiliated unions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The sit-down strike helped the CIO to obtain union membership in the 1930s, and it was soon approved by the Supreme Court.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), was created to strengthen the power of employers to prevent the formation of unions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Events such as the Haymarket Riot, the Homestead Incident, and the Pullman Strike helped organized labor.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Change to Win federation planned on focusing more on working through mainly the Democratic Party instead of direct political action by the member unions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The leadership of the Knights of Labor was more interested in seeking higher wage increases for employees than in seeking moral betterment for employees and society.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The emphasis on advancing employees short-term economic and job security interests have remained the focus of organized labor since World War II.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The one big union approach to union membership was not believed by the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Haymarket Riot, Homestead Incident, and the Pullman Strike eliminated Samuel Gompers leadership effectiveness in the AFL.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The key participants in the labor relations process who represent the interest of the ownership as well as their own self-interests are the:
a. Management consultants.
b. Employees.
c. Managers.
d. Arbitrators.
e. Mediators.
Q:
The basic assumption underlying U.S. labor relations which states that employees should have a right to determine for themselves what is in their best interests and pursue such interests legally is that:
a. The free enterprise economic system in the U.S. creates an inherent conflict of interest between employers and employees.
b. Collective bargaining provides a process for meaningful employee participation through independently chosen representatives in the determination of work rules.
c. The unemployment rate affects work rules that provide job protection.
d. Employees in a free and democratic society have a right to independently pursue their employment interests using lawful means.
e. Government takes a direct role in determining work rules.
Q:
The following is not an element of the labor relations process:
a. Discouraged workers.
b. State of the economy.
c. International forces.
d. Product market.
e. Financial market.
Q:
The phase of the labor relations process which states that employees have a legal right to form and join a union or to refrain from doing so is the:
a. Negotiation of the labor agreement.
b. Administration of the labor agreement.
c. Focal point of labor relations.
d. Recognition of the legitimate rights and responsibilities of union and management representatives.
e. Key participants in the labor relations process.
Q:
The federal governments role in private sector collective bargaining activities is basically:
a. Illegal.
b. Direct and prohibited.
c. Direct.
d. Prohibited.
e. Indirect.
Q:
The most important factor in the gradual decline or stagnation in union membership has been attributed to:
a. Political and legal conditions governing the workplace.
b. Structural changes in the labor force.
c. Improved management practices in organizations.
d. Increase of government employees.
e. Decrease of automobile manufacturing workers.
Q:
The product market:
a. Is where the company either sells its product or purchases key elements for its manufacture or can make management more vulnerable.
b. Encourages importing products for manufacturing.
c. Is basically an irrelevant influence on the labor relations process.
d. Is where strikes are encouraged by management during product delivery.
e. Is where the company obtains skilled laborers for product manufacturing.
Q:
Union officials seek to enhance public opinion by:
a. Calling for more strikes.
b. Ignoring negative comments made in the media.
c. Using secrecy.
d. Avoiding attention to union activities.
e. Getting organized labors positive message out to the community and forming alliances with various groups in the community.
Q:
The labor relations process consists of _______ basic phase(s).
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
Q:
The mass media:
a. Often tend to perpetuate a positive stereotype of unions.
b. Portrays unions as ethical and benevolent organizations.
c. Minimize strike activity coverage.
d. Often serve as a generator and conduit of community opinion.
e. Focuses on the concerns of workers rather than the effect on consumer prices.
Q:
The sequence of the labor relations process is:
a. random.
b. unpredictable.
c. independent.
d. cumulative.
e. unpredictable and random.
Q:
An analysis of 40 years of The New York Times columns concerning labor unions found that the frequency of strikes has:
a. Reached a record high.
b. Been exaggerated.
c. Remained relatively constant from one year to the next.
d. Cant be determined since the required statistics were not kept until 1985.
e. Widely fluctuated from one year to the next.
Q:
Work rules:
a. Are determined unilaterally by the unions.
b. Are jointly determined and administered by managers and union representatives.
c. Are determined unilaterally by managers.
d. Are the same across public and private sector organizations.
e. Reflect the dynamic nature of the management.
Q:
When the North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA) was passed, it:
a. Substantially lowered the wages of Mexican employees, such as truck drivers, in comparison to their U.S. counterparts.
b. Contained a 25-year phase-in to increase tariffs between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S.
c. Was unsuccessfully opposed by organized labor.
d. Involved only the United States and Mexico.
e. Benefited the United States more than other countries.
Q:
One union estimate found that management consultants hired to counter a union organizing campaign:
a. Are often ridiculed by employees who overwhelmingly voted for union representation.
b. Are seldom if ever used by corporations.
c. Are involved in 75 percent of the union organizing campaigns.
d. Did not persuade employees to vote in a union.
e. Do not provide special services.
Q:
U.S. unions believe that free trade will:
a. Serve to raise the living standards of workers in their own countries.
b. Ensure that domestic companies can compete effectively in global markets.
c. Reduce the labor cost advantage of moving work done by U.S. workers.
d. Fostering more cooperation with foreign-based labor organizations.
e. Enhance job security for U.S. workers.
Q:
Probationary work periods would be most desired by management when the labor market:
a. Has a low unemployment rate and a low number of unskilled employees.
b. Has a low unemployment rate.
c. Has a low number of unskilled employees
d. Has a high unemployment rate and many skilled employees.
e. Has a high number of unskilled employees.
Q:
The negotiation of compensation for and number of intervals for bus drivers reflects which technological component?
a. Tasks to be performed.
b. Equipment used.
c. The pace and scheduling of work.
d. Forced labor.
e. Holiday pay.
Q:
The focal point of labor relations represents:
a. The government.
b. The negotiation and administration of work rules.
c. Public opinion.
d. Union and management officials.
e. Technology
Q:
Technological advances in the workplace:
a. Can reduce or eliminate employees in a particular job classification.
b. Can slow down production.
c. Is encouraged to attract unions.
d. Is not available in most industries.
e. discourages outsourcing.
Q:
Which of the following is not a state of the economy factor affecting negotiation and administration of work rules?
a. Rising inflation rate.
b. Rising health costs.
c. Decreased employees standard of living.
d. Unemployment rates.
e. Union membership
Q:
Elements in the labor relations process does not include:
a. International forces.
b. State of the Economy.
c. Product market.
d. Public opinion.
e. Outsourcing
Q:
The labor relations process occurs when:
a. Government dictates labor-management activities.
b. Historical aspects of organized labor affect current decision.
c. Management and the exclusive bargaining agent (the union) engage in the joint determination and administration of work rules.
d. Privately held companies go public.
e. Unions find international affiliations.
Q:
The four dimensions of a workplace technology does not include:
a. Equipment used in the operation
b. The pace of work.
c. Characteristics of the work environment.
d. Information exchange.
e. Structuring of administrative duties.
Q:
__________ are third-party neutrals hired by the union and management officials to make a final and binding decision on a disputed issue.
a. Arbitrators
b. Mediators
c. Retired company presidents
d. Consulting managers
e. Employees
Q:
The technology of a particular workplace is not an influence on the creation of work rules.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Management consultants are individuals hired from outside the organization to provide some special service or expertise.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A good example of a work rule in the Health Care industry is that bilingual employees do not receive additional compensation for this skill.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The work rules category that governs compensation in all its forms also may specify performance standards, promotion qualifications and procedures, and layoff procedures.
a. True
b. False
Q:
From managements perspective, phase one of the labor relations process may be the most important phase of the phases involved in the labor relations process.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The growth in part-time employment also has a small, but significant, positive impact on union density.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Regarding the management organization, labor relations managers and representatives are often found at the corporate, divisional, and plant levels.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Many of todays fastest growing occupations are on opposite ends of the level of education and skills required for effective job performance.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Employees need to be viewed as a separate category of participants since they can have loyalties to both the employer and union organizations.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Significant employee pension and health care benefit gains under union contracts are now referred to as high legacy costs by unionized employers.
a. True
b. False