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Q:
(p. 73-78) Discuss why businesses should be ethical.
Q:
(p. 71-73) Briefly discuss the meaning of ethics.
Q:
(p. 97 - 105) Not all ethics issues in business are the same. Discuss the distinct ethical issues across three different organizational functions. Highlight details of the professional codes of conduct for each.
Q:
(p. 90) The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups:
A. May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information.
B. May rank various rights in different ways.
C. May not share the same meaning of justice.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 84) Which statement characterizes the moral reasoning typically found in a child?
A. "When in Rome, do as the Romans do."
B. "I'll scratch your back, if you'll scratch mine."
C. "Seek the greatest good for the greatest number."
D. "Respect the rights of others."
Q:
(p. 89) A just or fair ethical decision occurs when:
A. The rights of all affected are considered.
B. The greatest good for those with power is achieved.
C. Benefits and burdens are distributed equally.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 83) As an additional employee benefit to promote spirituality, companies have begun to provide employees with the services of:
A. Philosophers.
B. Chaplains.
C. Financial advisors.
D. Ombudspersons.
Q:
(p. 89) Which of the following is not true about justice reasoning?
A. The reasoner is interested in the net value of benefits.
B. The reasoner considers who pays the costs and who receives the benefits.
C. The reasoner seeks a fair distribution to all affected.
D. The reasoner relies upon some accepted rule or standard.
Q:
(p. 83) Scholars found that spirituality:
A. Negatively affects employee and organizational performance.
B. Positively affects employee and organizational performance.
C. Has no affect on employee and organizational performance.
D. Only affects the employee performance of not for profit organizations.
Q:
(p. 89) At the core of rights reasoning is the belief that:
A. The company's right to a profit must be protected.
B. Respecting others is the essence of human rights.
C. The right to join a union is no longer universally accepted.
D. Economic and political powers determine who is right.
Q:
(p. 82) According to a 2009 opinion poll, Americans hold a dim view of:
A. Organized labor.
B. The Supreme Court.
C. Churches.
D. Wall Street executives.
Q:
(p. 88) The main drawback to utilitarian reasoning is that:
A. The majority may override the rights of those in the minority.
B. Managers using this reasoning process often fail to consider the means taken to reach the end.
C. It is difficulty to accurately measure both costs and benefits.
D. Cost-benefit calculations can only be provided by accountants.
Q:
(p. 81) As business becomes increasingly global:
A. It must turn to national laws for guidance.
B. Ethical issues become issues of free trade.
C. A global code of conduct will emerge for businesses.
D. Cross-cultural contradictions will increase.
Q:
(p. 81) Which of the following examples best illustrate an ethics issue based on cross-cultural contradictions?
A. Legally marketing a pesticide abroad that has been banned in the U.S.
B. Circumventing government regulations to ensure company profits.
C. Hiring child workers in violation of civil law.
D. False and misleading advertising claims.
Q:
(p. 88) Utilitarian reasoning primarily considers:
A. The end results of an action.
B. The rights of the unprotected.
C. The distribution of benefits.
D. Both A and C, but not B.
Q:
(p. 88) According to the utilitarian reasoning, if the benefits outweigh the costs, then the action is ethical because it produces:
A. The greatest good for the greatest number of people.
B. An equal amount of good for an equal number of people.
C. The greatest good for a select number of people.
D. An equal amount of good for the greatest number of people.
Q:
(p. 81) Cross-cultural contradictions arise due to:
A. The emergence of a developing country's economic power.
B. Religious differences practiced by business executives.
C. Differences between home and host countries' ethical standards.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 87) Aristotle argued:
A. Self-control is the most virtuous of values.
B. Faith is a road to charity and modesty.
C. Moral virtue is a mean between two virtues.
D. High-mindedness delivers human integrity.
Q:
(p. 80) A purchasing agent directing her company's orders to a firm which she received a valuable gift, is an example of:
A. Conflict of interest.
B. Ethical relativism.
C. Moral development.
D. Egotism.
Q:
(p. 79) A bottom-line mentality in business is reflected in which statement?
A. "I want it."
B. "We have to beat the others at all costs."
C. "Help yourself and those closest to you."
D. "Foreigners have a funny notion of what's right and wrong."
Q:
(p. 86) Business managers need a set of ethical guidelines to help them:
A. Understand the changing customs throughout the world.
B. Justify the resolution which best helps themselves.
C. Identify and analyze the nature of ethical problem.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 76) What percentage of American CEOs in a 2008 said that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act had done nothing to improve ethical standards at their businesses?
A. 12%
B. 33%
C. 55%
D. 74%
Q:
(p. 86) All of the following values are present in most ethical decisions except:
A. Be fair and just.
B. Be respectful.
C. Act responsibly.
D. Be honest.
Q:
(p. 85) Mature adults typically base their ethical reasoning on broad principles and relationships such as:
A. Human rights and constitutional guarantees of human dignity.
B. Universal principles of justice.
C. Customs and traditions shown by their peers.
D. Both A and B, but not C.
Q:
(p. 76) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act:
B. Does not hold auditing firms liable for their client's inaccurate account reporting.
Requires executives to pay back bonuses based on earnings that are later proved fraudulent.
D. Allows an auditing firm from providing the same client with non-auditing services.
Q:
(p. 84 - 85) For managers who reason at stages 2 and 3, their personal rewards, recognition from others, or compliance with the company's rules become their main ethical compass.
Q:
(p. 76) Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, corporations are required to:
A. Have executives vouch for the accuracy of a firm's financial reports.
B. Have their audit committee comprised of only executives employed by the firm.
C. Collect reimbursements from the U.S. government if financial restatements occur.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 84) Managers in the same company are likely to be at the same stages of moral reasoning at any given time.
Q:
(p. 75) Under the U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines, if a firm has developed a strong ethics program, corporate executives found guilty of criminal activity may have their sentence:
A. Increased.
B. Reduced.
C. Unaffected.
D. Decided by the company.
Q:
(p. 83) Only in the last decade have scholars found a positive relationship between an organization's economic performance and attention to spiritual values.
Q:
(p. 75) Business executives are finding that a trusting, ethical relationship with a business partner is:
A. Best left to not-for-profit companies.
B. Too costly to maintain.
C. Likely to cause legal problems.
D. Often essential in conducting business.
Q:
(p. 78 - 79) An ethical egoist acts for the benefit of others and sacrifices self-interest.
Q:
(p. 73) Why should business be ethical?
A. Most people want to act in ways that are consistent with their own sense of right and wrong.
B. Ethical behavior protects business firms from abuse by unethical employees and competitors.
C. Society's stakeholders expect it from businesses.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 78) Employees would rather work for companies who share their personal moral values.
Q:
(p. 75) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that firms maintain good financial practices, apart from high ethical standards, in how they conduct and monitor business operations.
Q:
(p. 72) Businesses are expected to be ethical in their relationships with:
A. Stockholders.
B. Customers.
C. Competitors.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 72) People everywhere depend on ethical systems to tell them whether their actions are:
A. Legal or illegal.
B. Right or wrong.
C. Financially attainable or not.
D. Logical and reasonable judgment.
Q:
(p. 75) The U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines provide a strong incentive for businesses to promote their ethics at work.
Q:
(p. 74) Business cannot expect to be profitable while adhering to ethical principles of conduct.
Q:
(p. 71) People's ethical beliefs come from:
A. Legislative action and judicial decisions.
B. Reading the company's profit and loss statements.
C. Their religious background, family, and education.
D. The organization's code of ethics.
Q:
(p. 71) A conception of right and wrong is:
A. Impossible to know.
B. The definition of ethics.
C. Determined by power.
D. Based on stakeholder dialogue.
Q:
(p. 73) Being ethical includes developing a sense of trust, which promotes positive alliances among business partners.
Q:
(p. 86 - 90) Business managers should use all four methods of ethical reasoning - virtues, utility, rights and justice - to better understand ethical issues at work.
Q:
(p. 72) Business must develop its own definition of what is right and wrong, apart from ethics.
Q:
(p. 62) The costs of corporate social responsibility may ultimately be passed on to the:
A. Employees through fewer health benefits.
B. Consumer through high prices.
C. Investor through stock splits.
D. Taxpayers by the government.
Q:
(p. 72) If all people relied on ethical relativism, there would be no universal ethical standards on which people around the globe could agree.
Q:
(p. 88) According to utilitarian reasoning, if the net costs are greater than net benefits, the action is probably unethical because more harm than good would be produced.
Q:
(p. 72) Ethical ideas are present in all societies, all organizations, and all individual persons.
Q:
(p. 62) Which of the following is an argument against corporate social responsibility?
A. Requires skills businesses may lack.
B. Balances corporate power with responsibility.
C. Improves business value and reputation.
D. Corrects social problems caused by business.
Q:
(p. 60) Positive reputation can be valued as an intangible corporate:
A. Asset.
B. Liability.
C. Charity.
D. Expense.
Q:
(p. 71) Ethics are primarily based on religious beliefs.
Q:
(p. 61) Provide three arguments against corporate social responsibility.
Q:
(p. 59) According to Barlow v. A.P. Smith Manufacturing:
A. The laws prohibited charitable contributions, at that time.
B. Charitable contributions were bad corporate investments for the short term.
C. Socially responsible actions must be approved by a majority of the firm's stakeholders.
D. Socially responsible actions are in investment in the future, thus an allowable expense.
Q:
(p. 59) When the Odwalla Company sought to improve the safety of its fresh juice drinks by pasteurizing voluntarily, they were:
A. Seeking to satisfy their stakeholders.
B. Discouraging government regulation.
C. Correcting social problems caused by business.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 58) Provide three arguments in favor of corporate social responsibility.
Q:
(p. 59) Which of the following is an argument in favor of corporate social responsibility?
A. Lowers economic efficiency and profit.
B. Discourages government regulation.
C. Places responsibility on business rather than individuals.
D. Imposes unequal costs among competitors.
Q:
(p. 56) How can a company focus on the needs of its stakeholders without neglecting its shareholder obligations?
Q:
(p. 58) Socially responsible actions frequently occur as a result of:
A. A genuine desire to promote worthy social goals.
B. A wish to project a caring corporate image.
C. An obligation to follow the law.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 55) Define and provide an example of a business practicing enlightened self-interest.
Q:
(p. 53) Explain why a business should seek to balance its economic, legal and social obligations.
Q:
(p. 58) Social responsibility reflects:
A. The type of governmental rule and degree of individual freedom in a nation.
B. Social activists' power and the extent that social regulation is found in a country.
C. Cultural values and traditions, taking different forms in different societies.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 51) Define and provide an illustration of a modern-day expression of both the charity principle and the stewardship principle.
Q:
(p. 56) A company who complies with the laws and regulations set by the government is:
A. Meeting the minimum level of social responsibility expected by the public.
B. Meeting the maximum level of social responsibility expected by the public.
C. Not meeting government expectation.
D. Following a practice of enlightened self-interest.
Q:
(p. 55) When undertaking social initiatives, a company:
A. Must take out social responsibility insurance.
B. Will always receive long-term profits.
C. May sacrifice short-term profits.
D. Risks going bankrupt in nearly all cases.
Q:
(p. 49) Describe the iron law of responsibility.
Q:
(p. 55) Scholars have found:
A. No relationship between social and financial performance.
B. A negative relationship between social and financial performance.
C. An inverse relationship between social and financial performance.
D. A positive association between social and financial performance.
Q:
(p. 62) Proponents against corporate social responsibility feel that public officials, not business people, should solve societal problems because:
A. Business people do not have the skill-set to solve societal problems.
B. The private sector is not mandated to solve these issues.
C. Both A and B.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 55) Reason(s) for adopting an enlightened self-interest approach is (are):
A. Reasonable short-run costs are incurred, but socially responsible activities are promoted.
B. The public's attitude toward the company is positive in the long run.
C. The stockholders' pressures for short-run profits are satisfied.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 51) Which of the following is not an example of the charity principle?
A. Endowing public libraries.
B. Supporting settlement houses for the poor.
C. Supporting a governmental protection agency.
D. Donating money to a family-counseling center.
Q:
(p. 51) The idea that the wealthiest members of society should be charitable toward those less fortunate is the:
A. Giving USA Foundation.
B. Social funds principle.
C. Stewardship principle.
D. Charity principle.
Q:
(p. 55) Which of the following examples does not show a company guided by enlightened self-interest?
A. A company providing the best quality product at a fair price.
B. A company providing assistance to employees who attend evening college.
C. A company breaking past records by maximizing quarterly profits.
D. A company vice-president invited to attend a local community's town planning meeting.
Q:
(p. 54) When the CEO of General Electric appointed the company's first VP of Corporate Citizenship, he was demonstrating:
A. Enlightened self-interest.
B. A responsibility to stockholders.
C. An attempt to balance economic, legal and social responsibilities.
D. The iron law of responsibility.
Q:
(p. 50) Modern corporations should be socially responsible because they:
A. Are responsible to the stockholders of the company.
B. Create jobs, influencing the lives of employees.
C. Are highly profitable.
D. Generate dividends for the company stockholders.
Q:
(p. 50) Which of the following companies is being the most socially responsible?
A. A company trying its best to operate in a way which will help local students get education and jobs.
B. A company halting its production of toxic gases after it discovered that people objected to this practice and threatened legal action.
C. A company trying to maximize its profits and then contributing to an environmental protection fund.
D. A company changing its product design to comply with regulatory mandates.
Q:
(p. 53) All of the following are examples of the phases of Corporate Social Responsibility except:
A. Corporate/Global Citizenship.
B. Corporate Charity Principle.
C. Corporate Social Stewardship.
D. Corporate/Business Ethics.
Q:
(p. 50) Which of the following statements is true about corporate social responsibility?
A. Businesses should monitor and prevent social problems in advance of their becoming major issues.
B. A company should seek maximum profits from its operations in order to provide the best for society.
C. Corporations should be accountable for any actions that affect people, their communities, and the environment.
D. Both A and C, but not B.
Q:
(p. 53) Which of the following is not a driver of the Corporate Social Responsiveness phase of Corporate Social Responsibility?
A. Religious/ethnic beliefs.
B. Social unrest/protest.
C. Stakeholder pressures.
D. Public policy/government regulations.
Q:
(p. 50) Corporations have a role in establishing their community's:
A. Tax base.
B. Safety.
C. Economic growth.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 53) Stakeholder partnerships, high-tech communication networks, and sustainability audits are examples of:
A. Corporate social stewardship.
B. Corporate social responsiveness.
C. Corporate/Business Ethics.
D. Corporate/Global Citizenship.
Q:
(p. 49) The iron law of responsibility says that:
A. In the long run, those who do not use power responsibly will lose it.
B. In the short run, sacrifice social goals for economic goals.
C. Law is most important, more than social or economic responsibility.
D. In the long run, economic responsibility leads to social responsibility.