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Q:
(p. 285) The digital divide describes the gap between those:
A. Individuals who have technology and those who do not.
B. Businesses who use e-business and those who do not.
C. Hospitals who use online information and those who do not.
D. Individuals who have broadband technology and those who do not.
Q:
(p. 277) A pain or numbness in your thumbs caused by constant e-mailing, messaging, or Internet surfing on hand-held devices is called:
A. BlackBerry thumb.
B. Cell phone thumb.
C. PDA thumb.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 285) According to an article published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2009, based on a survey of 3,000 hospitals, what percentage of the nation's medical care facilities were found to have digital or electronic health records?
A. 1 percent.
B. 5 percent.
C. 9 percent.
D. 11 percent.
Q:
(p. 276) One controversial area where e-business has made a significant impact is:
A. Online shopping.
B. Online gambling.
C. Online libraries.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 270) The self-reinforcing feature of technology means that:
A. Civilization develops at an uncontrollable pace.
B. Developing economies demand newer and larger innovations.
C. Technology acts as a multiplier to encourage is own faster development.
D. An invention in one place is localized only.
Q:
(p. 285) In 2009 the U.S. government announced plans to spend how much to spur the use of digital or electronic patient records, as part of a national effort to reduce medical costs?
A. 19 million.
B. 19 billion.
C. 119 billion.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 270) The use of publicly accessed servers to store users' text photos, videos and other data at remote sites, rather than on their own computers is called:
A. Business-to-business commerce.
B. Technology ripples.
C. Future shock.
D. Cloud computing.
Q:
(p. 275) The buying and selling of goods and services electronically is called:
A. M-commerce.
B. E-business.
C. Telecommunications.
D. Software piracy.
Q:
(p. 269) Nanotechnology is an example of the latest:
A. Future shock.
B. E-commerce.
C. Agarian.
D. Semantic.
Q:
(p. 275) Which of the following is an example of a business firm that has invested directly in technology through their research and development operations?
A. Google.
B. Enron.
C. Mattel.
D. Lockheed Martin.
Q:
(p. 287) High-technology businesses, governments, and community groups acting together appear to be winning the battle of making technology more accessible to all people regardless of their race, income, education, age, or residence.
Q:
(p. 274) Which of the following countries is not one of the top 15 Internet users?
A. Singapore.
B. United Kingdom.
C. China.
D. United States.
Q:
(p. 271) A technological application that uses biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific use is called:
A. Biosphere outcome.
B. Metatechnology.
C. Biology.
D. Biotechnology.
Q:
(p. 286) In 2008, there were 3.3 billion phone subscriptions worldwide, a number that was barely half of the world's total population.
Q:
(p. 285) Recently, some evidence suggested that the digital divide in the United States is widening.
Q:
(p. 271) Descriptive information embedded within Web pages, documents, and files is called:
A. Metadata.
B. Gigabytes.
C. Search engines.
D. Information.
Q:
(p. 271) The place where information is stored, ideas are described, and communication takes place in and through an electronic network of linked systems is called:
A. The personal computer.
B. Cyberspace.
C. Cloud computing.
D. Communication.
Q:
(p. 285) The gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not was called the digital divide.
Q:
(p. 280) In 2009, the global ratio of spam in e-mail traffic was 1 in every 1.32 e-mails.
Q:
(p. 270) The information phase of technology primarily requires:
A. Providing services.
B. Intellectual and electronic skills.
C. Manual and machine skills.
D. The same skills as needed in previous phases.
Q:
(p. 275) Businesses generally discovered that the adoption of technology was a money-saver rather than an expense in the short run.
Q:
(p. 270) Which of the following is not true about the service phase of technology?
A. It was the fourth phase in the development of technology.
B. It emphasized providing services.
C. It required manual and intellectual skills.
D. It dominated from 1900 to 1960.
Q:
(p. 275) Among Internet shoppers, South Korea accounted for the highest percentage (99 percent) of those with Internet access who used the Internet to shop.
Q:
(p. 270) The phase of technology that focuses on building material goods and manual labor is:
A. Agrarian.
B. Service.
C. Industrial.
D. Information.
Q:
(p. 275) Electronic business exchanges between businesses and businesses and between businesses and their customers emerged during the service phase of technological development.
Q:
(p. 270) In the nomadic-agrarian phase of technology in society, people:
A. Hunted wild animals for meat.
B. Gathered wild plants for food.
C. Provided services.
D. Both A and B, but not C.
Q:
(p. 258) Do you think businesses should voluntarily undertake environmental improvement efforts, beyond those required by law? Why or why not?
Q:
(p. 273) The Internet sprung into life in 1999, changing how business was conducted, students learned, and households operated.
Q:
(p. 256 - 257) Moving towards more proactive environmental management is called the "greening" of management. Using this process, discuss what organizational approaches have been used by a specific company of your choice. Did "green" management improve the company's strategic competitiveness?
Q:
(p. 252-254) What is the appropriate amount of civil and criminal enforcement for those companies who violate environmental laws? What types of guidelines exist for sentencing environmental wrongdoers?
Q:
(p. 272) According to Bill Joy, Sun Microsystems' chief scientist, by 2030, we are likely to build machines a million times as powerful as the personal computer of today.
Q:
(p. 270) The current phase of technology is the service society.
Q:
(p. 247, 250-252) Briefly describe acid rain. Do you think a command-and-control or market-based regulatory approach would work better to reduce acid rain emissions, and why?
Q:
(p. 270) Nations have tended to move sequentially through each phase of technology, beginning with the lowest technology and moving higher with each step.
Q:
(p. 262) Companies that cultivate a vision of sustainability must adopt sophisticated strategic planning techniques to:
A. Increase the competitive advantage of other international organizations.
B. Detect the limited number of internal factors that influence the employee performance reviews.
C. Allow their top manager to assess the full range of the firm's effects on the environment.
D. Increase the number of government regulations that are passed to reduce pollution.
Q:
(p. 262) When environmentally proactive companies seek out imaginative, innovative new methods for reducing pollution and increasing efficiency, they are adopting which strategy?
A. Technological innovation.
B. Product differentiation.
C. Green marketing.
D. Cost savings.
Q:
(p. 269) Although technology is not the only cause of change in society, it is a primary cause.
Q:
(p. 261) When companies develop a reputation for environmental excellence, and they produce and deliver products and services designed to attract environmentally aware customers, this is called:
A. Technological innovation.
B. Strategic planning.
C. Green marketing.
D. Cost savings.
Q:
(p. 269) Future shock means change will happen too fast and shock itself to death.
Q:
(p. 261) Companies that reduce pollution and hazardous waste, reuse or recycle materials, and operate with greater energy efficiency achieve a competitive advantage due to:
A. Technological innovation.
B. Product differentiation.
C. Green marketing.
D. Cost savings.
Q:
(p. 268) Technology is an unmistakable ethical force, but not an economic or social force, in the world where we live.
Q:
(p. 260) Some researchers believe that business firms moving towards ecological sustainability results in:
A. Competitive advantages.
B. Decreased worker productivity.
C. More government regulation.
D. Less money for shareholders.
Q:
Cost-benefit analysis seeks to weigh the relative costs and benefits of various alternatives, to see which one gives the "best value." Of the various areas of environmental protection discussed in this chapter (air, water, and land), which one do you think has been the best value? Which has been the worst value? On what basis do you think so?
Q:
(p. 259) Effective environmental management requires an integrated approach that involves:
A. A team of line managers within a business organization.
B. Leadership from top-level executives who make all corporate decisions.
C. All parts of the organization, as well as strong partnerships with stakeholders.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 260-262) Discuss the following statement: "Effective environmental management makes firms more competitive."
Q:
(p. 258) When businesses form voluntary, collaborative partnerships with environmental organizations and regulators to achieve specific objectives this is called:
A. Interorganizational alliances.
B. Environmental partnerships.
C. Cross-functional teams.
D. Command and control.
Q:
(p. 254) Which of the following is not true about the guidelines for sentencing environmental wrongdoers set by the U.S. Sentencing Commission?
A. The penalties reflect the severity of the offense and the company's demonstrated environmental commitment.
B. Businesses having an active compliance program would receive lighter sentences in the event of a violation.
C. Businesses having no active compliance program would be granted an extension to develop a program.
D. Businesses that promptly assisted any victims would receive lighter sentences in the event of a violation.
Q:
(p. 259) Describe the environmental management practices of a business firm with which you are familiar. Which stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model best fits this firm, and why? Looking again at this same firm, what steps might its managers take to improve its environmental performance? In answering this question, consider the various elements of effective environmental management.
Q:
(p. 257) Being able to continue their activities indefinitely, without altering the carrying capacity of the earth's ecosystem, is a characteristic of:
A. Ecologically sustainable organizations.
B. Concerned citizens.
C. Codes of environmental conduct.
D. Environmental regulations.
Q:
(p. 251-252) Which of the following is (are) true about emission fees?
A. Each business is charged for the undesirable pollution that it emits.
B. Companies emitting more pollutants end up paying more pollution taxes.
C. Revenues from emission fees are used to support environmental efforts.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 257) Companies in the United Kingdom and Japan are motivated to "go green" due to:
A. The chance to gain competitive advantage.
B. A desire to gain approval from the public sector or regulators.
C. A moral commitment to ecological responsibility.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 250-251) Which of the following statements is not true about environmental standards?
A. Regulatory agencies can establish standard allowable levels of pollutants.
B. The government has the power to command business firms to comply with certain standards.
C. The government rarely interferes in a business's choice of pollution technology.
D. They are the most widely used methods of regulation.
Q:
(p. 250) Which of the following statements is (are) true about the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)?
A. It established a fund supported primarily by a tax on the petroleum and chemical companies.
B. It is regarded as one of the most successful environmental laws.
C. The funds collected are used to clean up sites where the original polluter cannot be identified.
D. Both A and C, but not B.
Q:
(p. 257) Which of the following is not true about "green" management practices?
A. 76 percent of large U.S. firms have adopted at least some environmental initiatives.
B. There are three main stages of corporate environmental responsibility.
C. Most big companies appear to be addressing sustainability issues.
D. No more than 10 to 25 percent of all U.S. companies are adopting environmental practices.
Q:
(p. 256) Businesses in the clean technology stage:
A. Actively manage environmental issues.
B. Have well-funded programs for environmental technology.
C. Evaluate cyber technology-related risks.
D. Develop innovative technologies that support sustainability.
Q:
(p. 249) Environmental justice is a movement to:
A. Prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste.
B. Identify polluters and require them to pay for the cleanup of their toxic waste.
C. Reduce pollution at the source, rather than treat and dispose of waste at the "end of the pipe."
D. Specifically restrict the use of dangerous pesticides which can pollute groundwater.
Q:
(p. 256) Which of the following is the most advanced stage of corporate environmental responsibility?
A. Pollution prevention stage.
B. Clean technology stage.
C. Product stewardship stage.
D. Green management stage.
Q:
(p. 249) The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (amended in 1984) does not require:
A. Toxic waste generators to have a permit.
B. Transporters to maintain careful records.
C. Disposal facilities to treat hazardous waste before disposal.
D. All hazardous waste to be incinerated.
Q:
(p. 256) Subaru Automotive of America's effort to minimize waste is an example of:
A. Pollution prevention.
B. Product stewardship.
C. Clean technology.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 249) Which of the following is true about the Toxic Substances Control Act?
A. It required reductions in urban smog, acid rain, and greenhouse gas emissions.
B. It established a national policy to regulate, restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals.
C. It promoted nontoxic chemicals and fuels for business use.
D. It authorized funds for treatment plants and toxic waste cleanup.
Q:
(p. 248) Which country has made the greatest progress in reducing its solid waste stream?
A. United Kingdom.
B. Germany.
C. Japan.
D. United States.
Q:
(p. 256) Which of the following is indicative of a firm in the pollution prevention stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model?
A. Realizing that it would be less efficient and more expensive to prevent pollution before it is created.
B. Focusing on all environmental impacts of the product life-cycle.
C. Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created.
D. Incurring losses due to environmental costs.
Q:
(p. 256) Environmental regulations hurt the economy in the following way (s):
A. $160 billion a year spent by business and individuals in the United States in 2000 to comply.
B. Job increases in some particularly polluting industries.
C. Increased competitiveness among capital-intensive, "dirty" industries.
D. None of the above.
Q:
(p. 248) Which of the following is not true about water pollution?
A. It affects crop yields.
B. It can be caused by pesticides and herbicides.
C. It can be caused by biodegradable products.
D. The Water Pollution Control Act maintains the integrity of all surface water in the United States.
Q:
(p. 255) Environmental regulations stimulate some sectors of the economy by:
A. Creating jobs in industries like environmental consulting, asbestos abatement, and instrument manufacturing.
B. Saving jobs in industries like fishing and tourism when natural areas are protected or restored.
C. Compelling businesses to become more efficient by conserving energy.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 247) Which of the following statements is not true with respect to acid rain?
A. A primary source of acid rain is coal-fired utilities.
B. Acid rain occurs when carbon dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere.
C. Acid rain is worse in some regions of the United States than others.
D. Acid rain degrades buildings.
Q:
(p. 245) Which of the following statements is true of air pollution?
A. Air pollution occurs when more pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere than can be safely absorbed and diluted by natural processes.
B. A majority of the people in the U.S. breathe unsafe air for at least part of the year.
C. Air pollution caused by particulate matter is responsible for fewer than 600 premature or unnecessary deaths annually.
D. The EPA has identified hundreds of "criteria" pollutants, relatively common harmful substances that serve as indicators of overall levels of air pollution.
Q:
(p. 250) Superfund has been regarded as a public policy success in the cleanup of toxic waste sites.
Q:
(p. 254) Which of the following is not a possible cost of environmental regulation?
A. Unemployment.
B. Reduced capital investment.
C. Corporate restructuring.
D. Lowered productivity.
Q:
(p. 249) Efforts to prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste, are sometimes referred to as the movement for environmental justice.
Q:
(p. 245) In the United States, the federal government regulates which of the following major areas of environmental protection?
A. Air pollution.
B. Water pollution.
C. Land pollution.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 245) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created:
A. To monitor and regulate nuclear activity.
B. To coordinate most of the government's efforts to protect the environment.
C. To monitor and regulate occupational health and safety standards.
D. All of the above.
Q:
(p. 249) Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, hazardous waste must be treated before disposal in landfills.
Q:
(p. 248) The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 requires permits for most point sources of pollution, such as industrial emissions.
Q:
(p. 259) Rewards and incentives are effective ways to make business people consider the environmental impacts of their actions.
Q:
(p. 245) The EPA has identified carbon monoxide as the sole indicator of the overall level of air pollution.
Q:
(p. 259) Cross-functional teams are usually a poor way to solve environmental problems.
Q:
(p. 259) Effective environmental management requires an integrated approach that involves all parts of the business organization.
Q:
(p. 245) The first United States federal laws to protect the environment involved protecting navigable waterways.
Q:
(p. 245) By setting a common standard for all firms, government can take the cost of pollution control out of competition.