Q&A Hero

Q: What was the effect of the Revolutionary War on slavery? a. At the end of the war, slavery was abolished in northern states. b. The war set a time limit to end slavery in the South. c. Initially, the war had little effect on slavery at all. d. Initially, the war led to African Americans' gaining freedom. e. The war emancipated African Americans in several states.

Q: Which of the following is most closely related to French fur trading in the New World? a. Recollects b. Samuel de Champlain c. encomiendas d. coureurs de bois e. "Sea Dogs"

Q: Who was responsible for the liberation of Eastern Europe from repressive governments? a. Mikhail Gorbachev b. George H. W. Bush c. Margaret Thatcher d. Boris Yeltsin e. Bill Clinton

Q: What has been the most significant long-range effect of the New Deal on American society? a. Since the New Deal, Americans have tended to resist large-scale governmental programs that seek directly to control aspects of economic and social life. b. The economic initiatives and programs instituted by FDR's administration during the New Deal have continued to enrich the U.S. economy to this day. c. Since the New Deal, presidents have continued to hold periodic "fireside chats" during which they communicate important policy matters to the American people. d. The immigration policies established during the New Deal continue to set quotas, insulating American-born workers from foreign-born competition. e. Certain key programs, such as Social Security, have become an integral part of American life, providing essential benefits to millions of Americans today.

Q: How are the conflicts in Cuba and the Philippines in the 1890s related?a. The United States intervened in both places to give colonists their freedom and to help them become immediate independent states.b. Both conflicts took place in the Pacific Ocean and allowed the winning countries (the United States and Great Britain, respectively) more influence in Asia.c. Both involved Spain, the United States, and a rebellious colonial population.d. Both were both fought to give the United States more influence in Latin America.e. The United States entered both conflicts to try to improve a weak economy.

Q: What did the African Americans elected to state or national office during Reconstruction demonstrate? a. There was a higher level of corruption among them than among their white counterparts. b. They had more integrity and competence than their white counterparts. c. They had a desire to implement radical social programs. d. They had a strong desire for harsh revenge on former slaveholders. e. They lacked education and that impeded their success.

Q: Free blacks in the South were __________. a. unable to own or operate small businesses b. required to carry documentation of their free status at all times c. given the same rights as free blacks in the North d. allowed to hold meetings or form organizations as long as they had a white sponsor e. free to move from one county or state to another

Q: Why was there an uproar surrounding the formation of the Society of the Cincinnati? a. The public feared that it would begin a hereditary peerage in America. b. Many women were angry because membership was exclusively male. c. Religious leaders felt the society was pagan in its rituals. d. Parents feared allowing young men and women to meet without chaperones. e. Southerners questioned the society's strong antislavery stance.

Q: The financial success of the French empire in North America depended upon the __________. a. fur trade b. complete annihilation of the Native American tribes in Canada c. discovery of huge amounts of gold d. conversion of the Indians to Catholicism e. withdrawal of the Spanish

Q: In 1989, popular demonstrations calling for democratic reform were violently suppressed in __________. a. China b. Egypt c. Czechoslovakia d. Chile e. Russia

Q: How was American handling of the crises of World War One and the Great Depression similar? a. Wilson's initial stance of neutrality in the war was similar to Roosevelt's initial inactivity at the beginning of the Great Depression. b. Just as the government, big business, and labor formed a strong alliance to concentrate efforts to win the war, so did they join together to combat the effects of the Depression. c. Just as the war provided women and minorities with job opportunities, so did the Great Depression offer more unskilled, typically female and minority jobs. d. The United States handled both crises with political unity; members of both political parties set aside their differences to work together. e. The U.S. government took unprecedented control of business, banking, labor, and agriculture, although it had to deny civil liberties, to solve both crises.

Q: How was the Spanish-American War ironic for African Americans?a. Most of the people African American soldiers fought against in Cuba had the same African heritage.b. African Americans were not permitted to fight in the Cuban conflict but were allowed to fight in the Philippines.c. African Americans were not permitted to fight in Cuba and could only work as cooks, medics, and servants to white soldiers.d. The United States was fighting to give Cubans freedom, yet they were annexing Hawaii and the Philippines, essentially denying them freedom.e. The United States were fighting to give Cubans freedom, yet they denied freedom to African Americans.

Q: Black Codes seemed like another form of slavery to African Americans because they __________. a. severely limited the legal and economic rights of blacks b. forced many blacks to work for whites for free c. made employment for blacks a crime d. restricted blacks to the plantations where they had formerly been enslaved e. encouraged whites to join the militia in order to suppress rights for blacks

Q: The Br'er Rabbit stories __________. a. showed how a fugitive slave could find safe haven in the underbrush b. were encoded messages used in the Underground Railroad c. were used to indoctrinate white children with the belief that slaves were no smarter than animals d. showed how a defenseless animal could overcome a stronger one through cunning and deceit, a metaphor for survival as a slave e. portrayed slaves as being happy and well-adjusted

Q: The author of the original proposal for the Bill of Rights was __________. a. Patrick Henry b. George Washington c. Alexander Hamilton d. James Madison e. Thomas Jefferson

Q: In their relations with the Native Americans, the French __________. a. were as obsessed with Christian conversion as the Spanish b. tended to cultivate good relations because of the Native Americans' knowledge of fur trapping c. were ruthless in their treatment of the Native Americans d. drove them from their land in order to set up plantations e. were at a distinct disadvantage

Q: In 1990, President George H. W. Bush had to break his campaign pledge __________. a. not to cooperate with Russian leader Gorbachev b. not to lead America into war c. not to raise taxes d. to end the Cold War e. to prohibit discrimination against the disabled

Q: How did the country's experience of World War I shape the national response to the Great Depression under FDR? a. The large-scale devastation and loss of human life during the War hardened the American people, which prepared them for the period of deprivation and suffering of the Great Depression. b. During the war years, the country had experienced general mobilization of the nation's resources in the service of a common goal, facilitating implementation of the New Deal, another form of general mobilization. c. Patriotism and selflessness surged during the American involvement in World War One, and this same spirit of selflessness permeated the Great Depression era, insulating Americans from fear and despair. d. The experience of fighting a common enemy during the war resulted in a general improvement of racial and ethnic relations; these relationships were then solidified during the Great Depression. e. American involvement in the First World War took a heavy toll on the economy, and during the decade preceding the great crash, the weakness of the economy set the stage for the Depression.

Q: In what way was the Spanish-American War fought by small-town America? a. Most of the volunteer soldiers were from small towns across the United States. b. There were so many volunteers that each unit of soldiers was like a small town in size and function. c. The Navy and Army found that men worked better if they knew someone in their unit, so they created a buddy system, pairing men from small towns. d. Soldiers were organized into National Guard units by town, so they preserved their relations from their towns. e. All of America was involved in the war effort, making uniforms, saving metal, conserving food; the war was won by people back home in small towns.

Q: How did former slaves' ideas about their freedom conflict with ideas of northern allies? a. Their northern allies wanted freed blacks to continue working on plantations for white planters, but blacks did not want to return to plantation life. b. Freed blacks wanted to move to the North and begin new lives, but their northern allies felt they needed to stay in the South. c. Their northern allies felt that freed blacks should continue with their communal work system, but freed blacks wanted to become individual wage earners. d. Freed blacks wanted to move to new land of their own, while their northern allies felt they should remain on the land they were used to. e. Freed blacks wanted to continue with a family-based communal work system, but northerners wanted them to become individual wage earners.

Q: During the Second Seminole War of 1835-1842, __________. a. most slaves rebelled against their masters b. many escaped slaves hiding in Florida fought with the Native Americans against U.S. soldiers c. slaves slaughtered Seminole Indians in large numbers d. many whites killed their slaves in fear of an alliance between slaves and Native Americans e. many escaped slaves hiding in Florida were found and returned to their owners

Q: The Federalist was a series of essays written by __________. a. Washington and Adams b. Thomas Jefferson c. Madison, Hamilton, and Jay d. Randolph and Franklin e. Madison, Jefferson, and Hamilton

Q: The first French explorers were __________. a. interested in finding the mythical "northwest passage" to China b. determined to find gold and silver c. eager to Christianize the Native Americans d. ruthless and exploitive of the native peoples e. considered stupid by the Native Americans

Q: What was the only significant piece of social legislation enacted in the first Bush administration? a. Civil Rights Act of 1991 b. National Health Insurance Act c. Social Security Privatization Act d. Americans with Disabilities Act e. Equal Rights Amendment

Q: What was the major political legacy of the New Deal? a. It restored the U.S. economy to its original preeminence in the world. b. It united Democrats and Republicans as no other crisis had before or since. c. It sought to create a coalition by reaching out to ethnic voters. d. It changed the political affiliations for most rural and urban voters. e. It created a unified Democratic party of rural southerners and urban westerners.

Q: Why did President McKinley ask for a declaration of war against Spain? a. He was weak, indecisive, and forced into war. b. The conflicting national interests of Spain and the United States left few alternatives. c. He hoped that a war would bring him political power and imperial gains. d. Spain was unwilling to accede to any of the demands of the United States. e. The Cuban people appealed to him directly.

Q: Why was Johnson ultimately acquitted on the impeachment charges? a. He was cooperative with Congress. b. He received support from the Radical Republicans. c. Some Republicans feared that his removal would threaten the balance of power. d. He received support from most Democrats. e. He was innocent.

Q: What was an advantage to slaves living on large plantations with stable slave populations? a. Families stayed intact and the mother typically raised the children alone. b. Families stayed intact and the father typically raised the children alone. c. Families stayed intact and both parents typically shared in the child-rearing duties. d. Children were usually raised by distant family members, allowing a large social network to develop. e. Children usually began working as soon as they could walk, cutting down on behavior problems.

Q: The proposed new Constitution of 1787 called for the election of a president by __________. a. a direct vote of the people b. the state legislatures c. an electoral college d. the federal congress e. the Senate

Q: Spain became the number-one power in Europe during the sixteenth century because __________. a. the Pope favored Spain's efforts b. of the vast amounts of gold and silver it imported from the New World c. Spain had extensive natural resources and many deep-water ports d. the people had lived in peace and tranquility for centuries e. the Spanish were the best shipbuilders of the day

Q: What was President George H. W. Bush's primary focus during his presidency? a. health care reform b. reducing taxes c. gay rights d. education e. foreign affairs

Q: How did FDR's attitude toward planned deficits affect the success of the New Deal's efforts to rescue the economy? a. He believed too greatly in planned deficits, spending too much of the country's reserves to rescue the economy. b. He failed to see the importance of planned deficits, which could have stopped the Great Depression before it even started. c. He relied too greatly on planned deficits, inhibiting his ability to truly rescue the U.S. economy. d. He tried to avoid planned deficits, seeking a balanced budget when he ought to have spent more. e. He avoided planned deficits, spending too much on his New Deal programs and nearly bankrupting the United States.

Q: The Spanish-American War in 1898 was partially caused by __________. a. a desire to annex Hawaii b. fear of Spanish invasion c. the sinking of the U.S.S. Constitution d. yellow journalism e. McKinley's desire to demonstrate American supremacy to European powers

Q: The House of Representatives impeached President Johnson because he __________. a. dismissed officers in the southern military districts b. challenged the Tenure in Office Act by removing the Secretary of War c. vetoed the Reconstruction Bill d. attempted to abolish the Freedmen's Bureau e. opposed the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment

Q: Which statement best describes the "task" labor that many slaves performed on large plantations? a. A group of white overseers pushed a small group of slaves to work around the clock. b. Large groups of slaves worked side by side with their masters. c. Large groups of slaves worked from sunrise to sunset under a white overseer. d. Slaves worked at their own pace with little supervision during an eight-hour day. e. Large groups of slaves worked together to accomplish major projects.

Q: The three-fifths rule concerned the issue of __________. a. whether to count slaves as part of the population b. the number of branches in the national government c. checks and balances d. presidential power e. the number of votes required in the House to pass legislation

Q: From its beginnings, Spain regarded her New World domain as primarily a(n) __________. a. source of precious metal b. place to send exiled Moors and Jews c. opportunity to further promote the Catholic faith d. supplier of cheap Native American labor to be used on Spanish estates e. place to establish penal colonies

Q: What was the first crisis of the post-Cold War era? a. The United States invaded Iraq. b. Al Qaeda attacked New York City. c. Iraq invaded Kuwait. d. The East German government collapsed. e. Russia invaded Afghanistan.

Q: How did the reform programs created during the New Deal eventually lead to its demise? a. They actually did very little to change the U.S. economic situation. b. They required massive government spending and could not be sustained. c. They were unpopular with Republicans who took control of Congress. d. They were unpopular with the general public who began to speak out. e. The progressive programs (like Social Security) could not outlast political changes.

Q: What was one result of yellow journalism stories about Cuba in the 1890s? a. Americans believed Cubans were conspiring to control the Caribbean and were, therefore, reluctant to go to war to help them gain independence. b. Americans believed that Spain had a right to imperialist holdings in Cuba but that they should treat their colonies better. c. Americans became enraged about Spain's treatment of Cubans and the sinking of the U.S. Navy ship, the Maine. d. Cowardly journalists did not report Cuban atrocities for fear that the Spanish government would retaliate, hence the term "yellow journalism." e. Powerful Asian governments saw Cuba as the first step in a series of imperialist moves, so they sent journalists to the United States to spread rumors against intervention.

Q: What was the meaning of "regeneration before Reconstruction"? a. restructuring southern state governments before readmission to the union b. funding the rehabilitation of those areas in the South damaged during the war c. transforming southern society, including land reform, before readmission d. repudiating the debts owed by the former Confederate states to the Union e. suspending military rule in the South until elections could take place

Q: Which statement best describes the "gang" labor that many slaves performed on large plantations? a. A group of white overseers pushed a small group of slaves to work around the clock. b. Large groups of slaves worked side by side with their masters. c. Large groups of slaves worked from sunrise to sunset under a white overseer. d. Slaves worked at their own pace with little supervision during an eight-hour day. e. Large groups of slaves worked together in factories.

Q: The compromise that resolved the dispute between the large and the small states included __________. a. the states would be equally represented in the lower house b. all bills pertaining to taxation or spending would begin in the upper house c. the states would be proportionally represented according to population in the upper house d. slave-holding states could count 60 percent of their slaves for purposes of representation e. in both houses, at the beginning, there would be one representative for every 30,000 inhabitants

Q: Most Spanish colonists were __________. a. members of wealthy families b. more racially tolerant than their English counterparts c. unconcerned about economic opportunities d. unwilling to have contact with native groups e. incredibly racist

Q: How did Reagan challenge the liberal premises of the New Deal? a. He asserted that the federal aid programs established under the New Deal had actually worsened the Great Depression. b. He abolished all federal programs, leaving it entirely up to individual states to provide services. c. He expanded the New Deal programs, demonstrating that they had not been extensive enough. d. He asserted that the private sector should solve America's problems rather than the federal government. e. He wanted the federal government to take a more active role in helping America than it had during the New Deal.

Q: FDR attempted to "pack" the Supreme Court because he __________. a. knew opposing the Supreme Court would unite his disparate Democratic party b. knew opposing the Supreme Court would win him bipartisan support and national approval c. saw the Supreme Court's interference with the New Deal as unconstitutional and sought to remedy it d. wanted to remove the final and most powerful threat to his New Deal by appointing judges who supported its programs e. wanted to create a Democratic Supreme Court to ensure his legacy as the president who saved America

Q: In what way did the outcome of the Spanish-American War fulfill Theodore Roosevelt's hopes for it? a. It gave the United States influence and eventually dominance in Latin America and Asia. b. It made the United States a world power, equal to European imperialist countries. c. It gave the United States more foreign markets for its surplus of industrialized goods. d. It gave the United States influence in the Caribbean, it helped further annexation in Hawaii, and it was the impetus to creating a powerful navy. e. It freed Cuba, it gave Americans something to think about other than material gain, and it gave the army and navy practice.

Q: What was a result of the congressional elections of 1866? a. Johnson's Reconstruction policies were vindicated at the polls. b. The Radical Republicans lost ground. c. Democrats gained control of Congress. d. The results served as a referendum for the Fourteenth Amendment. e. Johnson's reelection campaign got a big boost.

Q: Which identifies an important effect of the violent slave rebellion of 1831? a. White southerners became more committed to quashing antislavery ideas. b. Many slaves were freed because their masters were afraid to remain in the system. c. Organized, violent rebellions began happening with more frequency. d. White southerners began to question the legitimacy of slavery. e. Many slaves were sold to the West Indies to decrease the population in the South.

Q: Under the intellectual guidance of __________, the Constitutional Convention formed a new government. a. Robert Morris b. Alexander Hamilton c. James Madison d. Benjamin Franklin e. Thomas Jefferson

Q: In order to better control the leaders of their conquest in the New World, the Spanish government created __________. a. the Inquisition b. the hacienda c. the encomienda d. the missions e. colonial governments

Q: How was the Watergate Scandal similar to the Iran-Contra affair? a. Both were excused by the American public because they were overshadowed by significant progress in U.S.-Soviet relations. b. Both ultimately restored the American public's faith in the integrity of the federal government. c. They both brought the United States to the brink of nuclear war. d. They both involved major errors in international diplomacy. e. Both involved secret, illegal government actions that tarnished the president's reputation.

Q: What role did FDR play in the shifting of African American political affiliation from the Republican party to the Democratic party? a. He designed the TVA and NRA specifically to benefit African Americans. b. He appointed African Americans to high-ranking positions and criticized racial discrimination. c. He was the first president to appoint African Americans to governmental positions. d. He used the New Deal to create legislation to end segregation in the South. e. His New Deal provided jobs and job security to most African Americans.

Q: How were Admiral Mahan's naval theories connected to industrialism? a. He applied industrialization theories to shipbuilding practices to help produce a large, new fleet of navy vessels. b. He believed that industrialism created surplus products, making a need for merchant ships to reach foreign markets and a navy to protect these merchants. c. He saw that, throughout history, only nations with strong navies were able to compete in industrial societies. d. He believed that industrialization was dehumanizing people, so he encouraged the traditional manual labor of shipbuilding and sailing. e. He believed that industrialism was distracting Americans from important foreign affairs, so he developed a navy that would focus Americans outward.

Q: President Johnson antagonized Republicans in Congress by __________. a. calling for an extension of the Freedmen's Bureau b. supporting a civil rights bill to guarantee equality for African Americans c. urging confiscation and redistribution of southern land d. vetoing popular legislation e. insisting that anyone wanting readmission to the Union had to support the Fourteenth Amendment

Q: Who profited most from the union of slavery and cotton production? a. inventors and entrepreneurs b. small business owners c. non-slaveholders d. small slaveholders e. large plantation owners

Q: An important procedural decision approved at the opening of the Constitutional Convention involved __________. a. publicizing the convention's meetings and debates b. its refusal to allow the small states to present their plans for constitutional revisions c. the decision to keep deliberations as secret as possible d. the election of James Madison as chairman e. the requirement of a plurality rather than a simple majority to implement changes

Q: The men largely responsible for Spain's conquest of the New World were known as __________. a. conquistadores b. coureurs de bois c. "Sea Dogs" d. condottiere e. comerciante

Q: How does the Watergate scandal compare to previous presidential scandals? a. Unlike previous presidential scandals, Watergate was about lust rather than money. b. Unlike previous presidential scandals, Watergate was about power rather than money. c. Unlike previous presidential scandals, Watergate was about money rather than power. d. Like previous presidential scandals, Watergate was effectively covered up and never fully revealed to the public. e. Like previous presidential scandals, Watergate demonstrated how ineffective investigative journalism was in America at the time.

Q: The Great Depression affected racial minorities more severely than other groups because racial minorities __________. a. were the first to be fired and last to be hired b. had more heavily speculated in the stock market c. had invested more in small, failing banks d. were excluded from recognition by the government in the New Deal plans e. were generally poor at the start of the Great Depression, so they sank even further into poverty and did not know how to cope with it

Q: Annexing the Hawaiian Islands was difficult because of __________. a. the lack of clear motives for annexation b. economic problems on the domestic front c. the opposition to annexing European and Asian allies d. the lack of consensus for annexation by Hawaiian planters e. the fear of making the non-Christian Hawaiians citizens of the United States

Q: The main belief of the Radical Republicans was that __________. a. the process of Reconstruction should be completed quickly b. the South should be treated with sympathy and compassion c. Reconstruction policy should be initiated by the president d. there was an inherent equality between races e. the rights of freedmen should be ensured by the federal government

Q: During the nineteenth century, the center of cotton production __________. a. moved westward b. moved eastward c. moved northward d. remained in the southeast e. remained in the Upper South

Q: Shays's Rebellion involved __________. a. discontented New England merchants b. western settlers demanding Indian territory c. supporters of freer trade with Great Britain d. discontented farmers in Massachusetts e. Continental Army officers who had been denied their pensions

Q: The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 resulted in __________. a. war between Spain and Portugal b. Portuguese control of Brazil c. English control of Canada d. French control of Martinique e. the withdrawal of the Spanish from the New World

Q: What caused President Reagan's change of policy toward the Soviet Union in his second term? a. The Soviet Union was becoming a major economic power that the United States could not afford to isolate any longer. b. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and escalated the arms race. c. New Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was interested in making peace with the United States. d. New Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was committed to blocking American interests abroad. e. The Soviet Union lacked a recognized leader and had fallen into chaos and civil war.

Q: How did women and minorities benefit from the organization of labor? a. They were given a higher percentage of jobs because the government recognized that they had been traditionally undervalued. b. Their wages increased to equal those of white men because the government recognized that they had been traditionally underpaid. c. They were granted education and agricultural incentives to remove them from the workplace and direct competition with white men. d. Unskilled labor, which included many women and minorities, was represented along with skilled labor by the CIO. e. Membership in the AFL opened for women ad minorities as unions adopted more enlightened policies of inclusion.

Q: Why did the Republic of Hawaii embarrass President Cleveland? a. It showed the world that Cleveland was an imperialistic president who orchestrated military coups to gain land. b. It showed the world that Cleveland and the United States had an imperialist foreign policy that contradicted their independence-minded domestic policy. c. The Republic was his idea, and it failed when it was only a week old. d. It showed that the American rebels in Hawaii did not respect President Cleveland's authority. e. It showed that the small country of Hawaii was able to defeat the United States, an embarrassment to America, which prided itself on its new world power status.

Q: After rejecting Johnson's Reconstruction plan, what was the basis of Congress's program? a. the social and moral regeneration of the South b. the confiscation and redistribution of land c. immediate enfranchisement of both the freedmen and ex-Confederates d. guarantees for the rights of all citizens with the Fourteenth Amendment e. granting pardons to members of the planter class who asked for them

Q: The invention that permitted the great expansion of cotton cultivation was the __________. a. railroad b. cotton gin c. cotton reaper d. steel plow e. mechanical seed planter

Q: The most important result of the Annapolis Meeting of 1786 was __________. a. that it added support for the Articles of Confederation b. the establishment of new, more efficient trade regulations for the United States c. the settlement of problems involving Spain's control of the Mississippi River d. the nationalists' recommendation to Congress for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation e. the growing political power and influence of James Madison

Q: At the time of Columbus's first voyage in 1492, __________. a. most educated Europeans believed the earth was flat b. no European nation had any interest in exploration c. most educated Europeans did not believe the earth was flat d. no one thought he would find anything e. the Catholic Church condemned this kind of exploration

Q: President Reagan's policies toward the Soviet Union changed in his second term when Reagan __________. a. focused more on destroying the Soviet Union's economy than on the arms race b. trusted the Soviet Union more, so that it became America's closest ally c. trusted the Soviet Union less, and refused to negotiate with its leaders d. was more willing to cooperate with the Soviet Union e. was more eager to break up the Soviet Union

Q: How did the New Deal affect American industrial workers? a. It gave them jobs regardless of race or gender. b. It provided the means for them to organize and bargain for benefits. c. It allowed skilled workers to unionize, but left unskilled workers unrepresented. d. It left them at the mercies of businesses that were supported by the government. e. It squeezed out women and minorities to give jobs to white men.

Q: Why did American interest in Hawaii increase in the 1890s? a. There was intense pressure by American missionaries. b. There was a fear of German influence in the region. c. The economic and military value of the islands increased. d. American political leaders believed the islands could be a model for expansionism. e. Native Hawaiians appealed to the United States for help.

Q: What was the main implication behind Black Codes? a. Southerners were willing to allow African Americans legal equality. b. Southerners wanted African Americans to return to positions of servility. c. Southerners were interested in improving the education of the freedmen. d. The freedmen would be allowed to vote and participate in the political process. e. The idea of "separate but equal" was already established.

Q: The institution of slavery became even more entrenched in the South because of the increasing importance of __________. a. rice b. indigo c. long-staple cotton d. short-staple cotton e. sugar cane

Q: The European philosopher whose ideas supported the theory of state sovereignty was __________. a. Locke b. Montesquieu c. Voltaire d. Machiavelli e. Rousseau

Q: Columbus originally was determined to prove that __________. a. a westward water route to China existed b. the world was not flat c. the continents of North and South America existed d. the lost continent of Atlantis was actually part of South America e. the world was smaller than scientists believed at the time

Q: Why did Congress refuse Reagan's request for money and authority for further intervention in Nicaragua? a. an honest belief that the Nicaraguan conflict was no threat to the United States b. a desire to block as many of Reagan's foreign policy moves as possible c. fear of repeating the mistakes of the Vietnam War d. fear of angering the public in an election year e. the lack of available funds, given the unhealthy state of the U.S. economy