Q&A Hero

Q: Why was English Protestantism able to spread so successfully in the 1500s? a. widely popular dissatisfaction with the clergy b. the fact that Martin Luther and John Calvin were both English c. the fervent Catholicism of the Tudor Kings d. the English hostility to the French Huguenots e. Mary I becoming queen of England

Q: People living in American urban centers in the early twenty-first century __________. a. had more education than people in rural areas b. made less money than people in rural areas c. enjoyed a lower crime rate than people in rural areas d. were just as likely to graduate from college as people in rural areas e. had a lower cost of living than people in rural areas

Q: The Soviet Union experienced a diplomatic triumph when Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met in 1945 at the __________. a. Munich Convention b. Yalta Conference c. Casablanca Meeting d. Paris Talk e. London Symposium

Q: In the first decade of the twentieth century, the American Federation of Labor __________. a. became increasingly radical b. remained devoted to the interests of skilled craftsmen c. included more and more unskilled workers d. lost its place as the largest American union e. aligned itself with management of America's largest corporations

Q: One of the greatest Native American victories over the U.S. Army was the __________. a. Battle of Wounded Knee b. Battle of Sand Creek c. Battle of Little Big Horn d. Fetterman Massacre e. "Trail of Tears"

Q: The idea that people could conduct their lives completely free of sin is called __________. a. perfectionism b. abolitionism c. temperance d. acceptance e. purification

Q: In the 1780s, why did Americans disagree sharply over the relative importance of liberty and order?a. Americans believed that in order to gain liberty, everyone should be free to do what he/she wanted.b. Some Americans believed people should be free; others believed they should be well-mannered.c. Americans who valued British traditions supported order; those loyal to the new American government supported liberty.d. Religious leaders preached order while politicians advocated for liberty and religious freedom.e. After British tyranny Americans valued liberty but also valued an ordered society.

Q: Who supported the first colonization efforts undertaken by the English in the New World? a. the English king b. Italians acting for the English monarch c. Parliament d. fleeing Catholics e. private individuals

Q: How did George H. W. Bush respond to the 1989 repression of protestors in Tiananmen Square? a. He threatened to send troops to protect the protestors. b. He severed all diplomatic ties with the Chinese government. c. He did not react publicly, but began secretly aiding Chinese resistance groups. d. He denounced the violence but maintained a working relationship with China. e. He was personally outraged but did nothing in response.

Q: The Nazi Holocaust involved the slaughter of __________ people. a. 10,000 b. 50,000 c. 500,000 d. 1,000,000 e. 6,000,000

Q: Which of the following was true of immigrants to the United States in the early 1900s? a. They were generally received with open arms. b. They were easily assimilated into American society. c. They encountered considerable hostility from American nativists. d. They faced few problems adapting to their new environment. e. They prospered financially and socially.

Q: The Sand Creek massacre of 1864 was led by __________. a. William J. Fetterman b. George Custer c. William Sherman d. John Chivington e. Joseph Smith

Q: The first great practitioner of evangelical Calvinism was __________. a. Samuel John Mills b. Lyman Beecher c. Nathaniel Taylor d. Horace Mann e. Charles G. Finney

Q: How did the debate between public morality and private freedom mirror political debate in the 1780s?a. The Americans who preached public morality did not believe in political debate.b. Because public morality and private freedom are in direct contrast, they mirror the political debates of the 1780s about tyranny versus republicanism.c. Because public morality leads to private freedom, Americans believed that British tyranny would lead to American democracy.d. Americans defended individual rights but believed that a society without virtue could not preserve liberty and independence.e. Because English colonialism had imposed public morality, Americans rejected it for private freedom.

Q: Which of the following identifies the main catalyst for the Protestant Reformation in England in the 1500s? a. Henry VII's severing of all ties with the pope b. the Act of Supremacy c. the death of Edward VI d. the transfer to private owners of land belonging to the Catholic Church e. Henry VIII's wish to dissolve his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

Q: George H. W. Bush's plan to bring down the federal budget deficit was unsuccessful because his plan __________. a. was never palatable to Congress b. coincided with the beginning of a recession c. included new taxes but no spending cuts d. included spending cuts but no new taxes e. did not include new taxes or spending cuts

Q: What does the term "D-Day" mean? a. the day President Roosevelt died b. the day Hitler committed suicide c. the day the Allies invaded Nazi-occupied Europe d. the day the Germans invaded France e. the day the Germans surrendered to the Allies

Q: In the first decades of the twentieth century, Mexican immigration to the United States __________. a. increased dramatically b. occurred at a steady rate c. had little impact on the United States d. was banned by the U.S. government e. rarely occurred

Q: In the 1850s, government policy toward the Plains tribes was to __________. a. exterminate them b. define boundaries for each tribe and sign treaties with them c. give each Native American "40 acres and a mule" for farming d. provoke intertribal warfare e. ignore them and hope they would eventually die out

Q: Which group's belief that the Deity was the benevolent architect of a rational universe particularly disturbed Reverend Timothy Dwight? a. Presbyterians b. Congregationalists c. Unitarians d. Methodists e. Mormons

Q: How does the modern Bill of Rights compare to that of 1789?a. The modern one allows for freedoms despite ethnicity, race, gender, or sexual orientationprovisions that were not made in 1789.b. The modern one allows for infringement on freedom of speech and privacy with technology lawsprovisions that did not exist in 1789.c. The 1789 bill led to political controversy whereas the modern one has not.d. The modern bill has led to political controversy whereas the 1789 one did not.e. The 1789 bill was longer; the modern one is a shorter rewriting of the same tenets.

Q: How did international diplomacy hinder England's early entry into New World colonization? a. The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization threatened their alliance with Spain. b. The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization threatened their alliance with France. c. The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization would force Spain to ally itself with Portugal and France. d. The English were reluctant to enter the New World because they did not want to cause problems with the Pope. e. The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization threatened their trading agreements with the Dutch.

Q: Why did the George H. W. Bush administration feel so much pressure after Iraq invaded Kuwait? a. The government of Kuwait had helped Bush improve his image overseas. b. Iraq had used U.S. mercenaries in its attack on Kuwait. c. The Bush administration feared it had inadvertently caused the crisis. d. The United States was closely allied with Saddam Hussein's regime in the past. e. The United States was the sole remaining superpower following the Cold War.

Q: During World War II, which group was placed in relocation camps in the United States? a. Chinese Americans b. German Americans c. Japanese Americans d. Russian Americans e. Jewish Americans

Q: As a "bird of passage", an immigrant __________. a. stayed in the United States b. quickly became an American citizen c. quickly moved west to farm d. was detained, or "caged," indefinitely e. did not stay permanently in the United States

Q: After the buffalo, the most important animal to the Plains Indians was the __________. a. dog b. elk c. deer d. horse e. jackrabbit

Q: What was the Second Great Awakening? a. a wave of religious revivals b. a political movement to abolish slavery c. an early women's rights movement d. a reform movement to educate more American children e. a creative movement that revolutionized American art

Q: How did the Bill of Rights of 1789 protect only some individual freedoms? a. It did not allow for freedoms of speech, religion, press, or trial. b. It excluded foreigners and poor Americans. c. It protected the freedoms of speech, religion, press, trial, bearing arms, and searches but did not grant rights to nonwhite males. d. It granted the states more power than the federal government. e. It was comprised mostly of legal procedures for Congress, the president, and the Supreme Court.

Q: What was the main deterrent to a French dream of a vast American empire? a. poor relations with the Indians of Canada and the West b. the French government's indifference to affairs in the New World c. too many French settlers moving to the New World too quickly d. an inability to find anything of economic consequence in the New World e. too much competition with the English settlers over land in the New World

Q: What issue became especially controversial after Chief Justice William Rehnquist died and Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor retired? a. medical marijuana b. immigration c. abortion d. government bailouts e. the war on terror

Q: The Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) was a federal agency designed to protect __________. a. children from abusive working conditions b. workers in wartime industries from harsh working conditions c. women from discrimination in the workplace d. African Americans from discrimination in the workplace e. the elderly from discrimination in the workplace

Q: Which organization led the fight for equal rights and education for blacks? a. WCTCU b. SNCC c. Wobblies d. ACTUP e. NAACP

Q: The socioeconomic life of the Plains tribes revolved around __________. a. the sun b. grain cultivation c. the buffalo d. the elk e. war

Q: In the early nineteenth century, American Protestant denominations strengthened religious values and increased church membership through __________. a. orthodoxy b. secularism c. revivalism d. spiritualism e. "spreading the Gospel"

Q: Why were Antifederalists concerned about the new Constitution? a. They worried that public officials would scheme to increase their power. b. They knew that preservation of liberty required no vigilance. c. They saw that smaller republics were prone to political corruption. d. They were concerned that the new government gave too much power to the central government. e. They believed that constituents reflect the character of their elected officials.

Q: Which statement best describes how the early English and French colonists viewed Native Americans? a. The English colonists viewed Native Americans as valuable trading partners; the French viewed them as obstacles to dominating the fur trade. b. The English colonists viewed Native Americans as teachers of farming techniques; the French viewed them as good trading partners. c. The English colonists viewed Native Americans as obstacles to settling the land; the French viewed them as valuable economic partners. d. Both English and French colonists viewed Native Americans as obstacles to settling the land in North America. e. The English colonists viewed Native Americans as potential converts to Christianity; the French viewed them as good trading partners.

Q: Affirmative action policies are designed to __________. a. perpetuate the checks and balances between branches of government b. allow the president to reinstitute the military draft c. force Congress to make decisions in a timely manner d. ensure greater diversity in the workplace e. give more decision-making power to the people

Q: Which statement best describes the migration of the American population during World War II? a. Rural areas lost population while coastal areas gained population. b. People moved from urban to rural areas to help grow food to support the troops. c. Coastal areas lost population as millions moved into America's heartland. d. The South and West lost population as millions moved to states in the Northeast. e. The United States lost population as millions moved to Canada.

Q: What was the main focus of the Niagara Movement? a. conservation of natural resources b. African American rights c. the achievement of lower tariffs d. Mexican American civil rights e. women's rights

Q: The Plains tribes were __________. a. sedentary and pacific b. fishermen and farmers c. nomadic and warlike d. practitioners of human sacrifice e. builders of great cities

Q: Which statement best describes a major disadvantage to the extensive cotton production that took place in the Deep South? a. The South lacked the infrastructure to transport all the cotton it produced, so planters were frequently forced to burn their crops. b. Such a large percentage of arable land was devoted to cotton that there were frequent food shortages in the South. c. The focus on a single industry that was profitable only to a small minority prevented industrial and commercial growth. d. The excessive profits of the industry led to unchecked price inflation in southern urban centers. e. The profits of the industry were available to everyone, so the South underwent social upheaval and class conflict.

Q: Why did those who campaigned actively for ratification of the Constitution call themselves "Federalists"? a. The term "Nationalists" had been used during the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and was now negatively viewed. b. The term suggested that they stood for a confederation of states and not for a supreme national authority. c. They wanted the public to know that they supported strong state governments that controlled the federal government. d. The term "Antifederalists" was perceived as negative because of the root "anti." e. The popular song "Federalists on the Shore" recalled the glories of the Revolutionary War.

Q: Why was the wealth that Spain acquired from the New World considered to be a mixed blessing? a. Spain was forced to send a large proportion of its population to the New World to help ship gold and silver back to Spain. b. The Spanish got wealthy from silver and gold in the New World, but lost most of their army and navy in battles with Native Americans. c. Spain only used the New World as a source of wealth; it did not consider establishing real settlements there. d. Great inflation for ordinary Spaniards resulted from Spain's quick acquisition of its wealth. e. The Spanish who got wealthy very quickly did not know how to manage their wealth and lost it just as quickly.

Q: What did the Obama administration accomplish that Democratic presidents since Harry Truman had wanted to achieve? a. tax increases to alleviate the national deficit b. a balanced federal budget c. a comprehensive medical insurance program for all Americans d. an operative isolationist foreign policy e. tax cuts for wealthy Americans

Q: How many times was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president? a. once b. twice c. three times d. four times e. five times

Q: At the beginning of the twentieth century, many African Americans __________. a. found their situation improved substantially b. received equal opportunities for quality education c. worked in the South under conditions of peonage d. had little reason to protest e. often banded together to start businesses

Q: By the mid-nineteenth century, two-thirds of Native American tribes lived on the Great Plains, including the __________. a. Hopi b. Cherokee c. Sioux d. Chinook e. Zuni

Q: Why did many yeoman farmers feel resentment toward rich planters, yet still support the institution of slavery? a. These farmers feared that the government would give freed slaves their land if slavery were abolished. b. Many poor white farmers also worked as overseers on large plantations. c. Many rich planters gave poor white farmers slaves as gifts to maintain their good will. d. Having slavery gave poor white farmers a feeling of social superiority over blacks. e. Many poor white farmers secretly hoped to claim plantation land after slave rebellions.

Q: Why did Gouverneur Morris use the phrase "We the People of the United States" in the new Constitution?a. He wanted to exclude women and African Americans from the rights described in the document.b. The phrase recalled the Declaration of Independence and would help Americans approve the document.c. The other delegates voted unanimously on the phrase, thinking it would help ensure ratification.d. He wanted to include women and African Americans in the rights described in the document.e. He wanted to avoid mention of the states because he was unsure how many and which states would ratify the document.

Q: How did the Historia de las Indias change the colonization of the New World? a. It helped the Spanish recognize that they needed to be ruthless in order to prevail. b. It helped the Spanish recognize that they needed to reform in order to prevail. c. It helped the Spanish recognize that there was no way that they would be able to prevail over the powerful empires in the New World. d. It helped the Spanish recognize that Spanish culture was vastly superior to native culture. e. It helped the Spanish recognize that Spanish culture was vastly inferior to native culture.

Q: What was the central issue of the 2004 presidential election? a. the war in Iraq b. abortion c. the economy d. family values e. the war on drugs

Q: The turning point of the Pacific war was the American victory at the Battle of __________, which gave the United States control of the Central Pacific. a. Coral Sea b. Guadalcanal c. Midway d. Iwo Jima e. Leyte Gulf

Q: Between 1900 and 1920, women __________. a. increasingly found medical careers open to them b. increasingly found professional careers closed to them c. received considerable support in their quest for careers d. found opportunities for careers equal to those of men e. taught in colleges and universities in increasing numbers

Q: By 1880, there were approximately __________ Native Americans in California. a. 20,000 b. 30,000 c. 40,000 d. 50,000 e. 60,000

Q: White southerners in the 1830s began portraying free blacks as savages because they were trying to __________. a. convince themselves that slavery was morally justifiable b. drum up support for a race war c. drum up funds for militias to defend against slave uprisings d. put social pressure on free blacks to leave the South e. put social pressure on all blacks, both slave and free, to leave the South

Q: How did the Philadelphia Convention delegates ensure ratification of the Constitution? a. They called for electing thirteen state conventions, requiring the assent of only nine state legislatures to ratify it. b. They decided that a unanimous vote among the general public of all the states would ratify it. c. They decided that a unanimous vote among the state congresses would ratify it. d. They called for electing James Madison president so he could ratify it instead of Congress. e. They decided that three-fifths of all state legislators would need to ratify it.

Q: Which identifies a key reason for why Corts was able to conquer Montezuma, the Aztec emperor?a. Montezuma's unarmored horsemen were unable to fight the armored horses that Corts brought with him.b. Corts convinced the Aztecs to fight against their own corrupt leader, Montezuma.c. Corts and his men overwhelmingly outnumbered the Aztecs.d. Corts was able to recruit thousands of nearby Native Americans who helped him defeat Montezuma.e. Montezuma believed that the Spaniards were gods and did not resist them at first.

Q: What did the Bush administration insist Iraq was hiding in 2002? a. harbored terrorists b. weapons of mass destruction c. stolen classified U.S. documents d. missing American diplomats e. unannounced oil reserves

Q: United States troops first went into combat against German troops in __________.a. Italyb. Francec. Greeced. Polande. Africa

Q: The __________ forced state and national attention on working conditions in factories and stores. a. Homestead mining strike b. Farmington fire c. Ludlow disaster d. Triangle Shirtwaist fire e. Hormel stampede

Q: Which of the following tribes were peaceful farmers and herdsmen? a. the Sioux b. the Kiowas c. the Seminoles d. the Pueblos e. the Comanches

Q: The cotton economy of the lower South __________. a. benefited the lower classes and the upper classes equally b. did not create uniform prosperity throughout the region c. was free from general market fluctuations d. led to greater southern self-sufficiency e. encouraged industry and innovation

Q: Why did the new Constitution of 1787 call for the election of a president by an electoral college? a. so that the people could directly vote for their president b. because most voters were illiterate c. so the president would not be indebted to Congress for his office d. so that no state would have more power than another no matter its size e. to prevent nonwhite males from voting

Q: Why was "America" named after Amerigo Vespucci? a. Vespucci published a falsified travel account that convinced mapmakers that he had proved America was separate from Asia. b. Vespucci had been on Columbus's last voyage, but unlike Columbus realized that they had found a new continent. c. Vespucci's travels to the Americas brought great wealth to Spain, and he was rewarded with a continent named for him. d. Vespucci was the first person to make contact with what is now the Bahamas, and the continent he reached was named after him. e. Vespucci convinced the king and queen of Spain that Columbus had falsified reports of his travels, and proved that it was he who had been the first to reach the Americas.

Q: The terrorist attacks on the United States led the George W. Bush administration to initiate a new global strategy known to its critics as __________. a. unilateralism b. bipolarism c. containment d. dtente e. isolationism

Q: During World War II, the closest ally of the United States was __________. a. the Soviet Union b. Canada c. France d. Britain e. China

Q: In the new industrial system, workers __________. a. found a safer working environment b. took greater pride in their workmanship c. found many choices of jobs available d. noticed little change in their work environment e. frequently faced repetitive and boring work tasks

Q: In 1865, the number of Native Americans living in the West was __________. a. 10,000 b. 250,000 c. 500,000 d. 750,000 e. 1,000,000

Q: Regarding cotton agriculture in the pre-Civil War era, __________. a. many planters sought to cultivate an alternative to cotton b. cotton was the most famous crop in the South, but it was not the most profitable c. cotton was a sure investment because cotton prices rarely fluctuated d. many planters worked their land until it was exhausted e. large plantation owners stopped growing cotton and turned to tobacco

Q: How did the Constitutional Convention affect slavery? a. It allowed the slave trade to continue indefinitely. b. It permitted Congress to outlaw the importation of slaves in 1808. c. It provided for an immediate end to the importation of African slaves. d. It declared slavery to be illegal as of 1808. e. It declared that slaves could not be purchased in the United States after 1808.

Q: Why did the Portuguese reject Columbus's proposed route to Cathay? a. They wanted Columbus to sail to India, not Cathay. b. They believed that Columbus had underestimated the Earth's circumference. c. They did not believe that the Earth had a spherical shape. d. They believed that Columbus had no intention of reaching Cathay and was presenting a false route simply to gain monetary support. e. They thought that Columbus would encounter too many hostile Indians on his proposed route.

Q: Which countries did President George W. Bush call the "axis of evil" in 2002? a. Afghanistan, Russia, and North Korea b. Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Russia c. Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan d. Iraq, Afghanistan, and Russia e. Iraq, Iran, and North Korea

Q: What was the greatest single advantage that the United States and its Allies had during World War II? a. The Allies began military confrontations with the Axis powers immediately, before they could gain much ground in Europe or Asia. b. The Allies were genuinely willing to work together to defeat their enemies, whereas the Axis powers fought separate wars. c. The Germans and Japanese made slow progress in conquering more lands in Europe and the Pacific. d. All of the Axis powers suffered from ineffective leadership and poor strategizing. e. The Allies had such an overwhelming number of ground troops that Axis resistance was highly ineffective.

Q: What company founded the first industrial research laboratory in 1900? a. Du Pont b. General Electric c. Standard Oil d. Eastman Kodak e. Westinghouse

Q: On the Great Plains, rainfall averaged __________. a. more than 100 inches a year b. less than five inches a year c. less than 20 inches a year d. more than 200 inches a year e. less than ten inches a year

Q: When tobacco prices sagged after 1820, __________. a. farmers in the Upper South switched over to cotton and rice production b. farmers in the Upper South found effective ways to reverse soil depletion c. large numbers of surplus slaves were sold from the Upper South to the Lower South d. planters in Virginia and Maryland turned openly to slave breeding as a business e. Virginia and Maryland began exporting slaves to the Caribbean Islands

Q: How did the question of slavery impact the Constitutional Convention? a. It caused few real problems. b. Generally northerners were willing to support southern concerns. c. It threatened to disrupt and destroy the work of the convention. d. Southern delegates were eager to compromise on most significant arguments. e. It was resolved, but left the South at a disadvantage.

Q: Why were Scandinavian outposts in the New World eventually abandoned? a. lack of leadership b. lack of available resources for survival c. attacks by the Spanish Armada d. competition with Portuguese fishing groups e. poor lines of communication

Q: The first move in the war on terror was the overthrow of a radical Islamist regime in __________. a. Iraq b. Iran c. Pakistan d. Afghanistan e. Saudi Arabia

Q: What event brought the United States into World War II? a. the Italian attack on Austria b. the German occupation of France c. the first mass executions of Jews d. the Japanese invasion of China e. the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor