Q&A Hero

Q: Approximately 50 percent of cowboys driving the great herds from Texas to city markets in the 1870s were __________. a. Asian Americans b. African Americans and Mexicans c. Europeans d. Native Americans e. women

Q: Which U.S. president received less than two years of formal education and sharpened his intellect through participation in debating societies and lyceums? a. James K. Polk b. John Quincy Adams c. Abraham Lincoln d. James Garfield e. Franklin Pierce

Q: The Report on Manufacturers suggested __________. a. low tariffs on imported goods b. congressional taxes on industrial goods c. protective tariffs d. strict laissez-faire e. a fluctuating tariff schedule

Q: The __________ Company was responsible for the settlement of Jamestown in Virginia. a. New England b. Royal African c. Virginia d. American e. New World

Q: The 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States changed American foreign policy, as the United States __________. a. considered returning to an isolationist foreign policy b. considered returning to a containment foreign policy c. took on the role of global police officer d. strengthened its alliances with Europe and cut off diplomatic relations with countries on other continents e. realized that involvement in international affairs was a mistake

Q: During 1940-1941, President Roosevelt attempted to halt Japanese aggression in Asia by __________. a. applying economic pressure on Japan through a trade embargo b. waging a clandestine, undeclared war against Japanese naval forces in the Pacific c. signing mutual defense pacts with other Asian nations d. securing legislation allowing him to send troops to China e. sending troops to fight on Japanese soil

Q: Henry Ford is often described as the inventor of the assembly line. In what way is this an inaccurate description? a. The assembly line was invented and used in the mill clothing industry of the early nineteenth century. b. Ford did not invent the assembly line; he improved the meatpacking industry's use of it. c. Because human workers were part of each aspect of the production of a car, it was not really an assembly line. d. Because machines were part of each aspect of the production of a car, it was not really an assembly line. e. Although Ford increased automation of production, the assembly line was not really invented until after his death.

Q: The individual largely responsible for developing the "trail drive" was __________. a. William Hickok b. Joseph G. McCoy c. Charles Goodnight d. Henry Comstock e. Hank Chisolm

Q: In addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic, mid-nineteenth-century public schools taught __________. a. abolitionist ideals b. the Protestant ethic c. Catholicism d. the evils of industrialization e. the merits of science over religion

Q: The Bank of the United States was based on the doctrine of __________. a. strict construction b. states' rights c. implied powers d. judicial review e. checks and balances

Q: The purpose of new English companies to finance New World settlements was to ________. a. compete for large capital investment b. promise immense wealth to investors c. encourage "limited liability" for the investors d. finance the expense of gaining a royal charter e. get around religious restrictions on investment profits

Q: How did the September 11, 2001, attacks affect the U.S. economy? a. The terrorist attacks had little effect on the U.S. economy. b. The airline industry was devastated, as people were afraid to fly. c. The oil industry suffered enormous losses as people stopped traveling by car. d. The economy boomed as Americans bought more American products. e. The tourism industry improved as patriotism inspired people to explore America.

Q: Which statement best describes Hitler's orders to his submarine commanders in the Atlantic? a. He ordered them not to fire on American vessels to avoid drawing the United States into the war. b. He ordered them not to fire on American vessels because the Germans were temporarily low on ammunition. c. He ordered them to fire on American vessels because he wanted to draw the United States into the war. d. He ordered them not to fire on American vessels because he knew the Americans were committed to neutrality. e. He ordered them to fire on American vessels because they were helping the British.

Q: Why did Teddy Roosevelt call some journalists during the early twentieth century "muckrakers"? a. The journalists exposed corruption and questionable practices of public figures and corporations. b. The journalists were focusing on gossip and rumors about leading citizens and entertainers. c. The journalists were promoting economic changes in favor of farmers. d. The journalists used yellow journalism practices. e. The journalists reported on questionable practices in sports.

Q: The origins of the western cattle industry lay in __________. a. Mexico b. Spain c. New England d. the plantation South e. the Midwest

Q: The most influential spokesman for the common school movement was __________. a. John Harward b. Lyman Beecher c. Henry James d. Horace Mann e. Terrance Knox

Q: Opposition to Hamilton's proposed national bank __________. a. was based on "loose construction" of the Constitution b. reflected the fears of private bankers c. was justified because his plans so clearly favored a few "monied interests" d. generally did not involve the general public e. involved issues relating to Congress's constitutional powers

Q: To resolve the problem of the vast expenses New World settlement required, English merchant-capitalists introduced the concept of __________. a. proprietorship b. primogeniture c. the joint-stock company d. feudalism e. mercantilism

Q: George W. Bush's economic policy was different from Clinton's because Clinton favored __________. a. investing in education, whereas Bush favored investing in environmental reforms b. reducing government spending, whereas Bush favored increasing government spending c. tax reduction, whereas Bush favored eliminating the deficit d. eliminating the deficit, whereas Bush favored tax reduction e. tax reduction, whereas Bush favored cutting spending

Q: How did FDR help Britain after France fell to the Nazis? a. He placed a total embargo on all trade to Nazi Germany and any countries allied with Hitler. b. He traded 50 destroyers to Britain in exchange for the rights to build military bases in the British West Indies. c. He successfully negotiated an agreement with Hitler to spare Britain in exchange for American neutrality in the war. d. He supplied Britain with 200 fighter planes and about 50 military advisors to help defeat Hitler. e. He brought the United States into World War II on the side of the Allies.

Q: What factors contributed to magazine popularity and success in the early 1900s? a. appealing pictures, fiction, low costs, and revealing journalism b. labor union support, sensationalism, and new poetry c. wealthy oligarchy support, new artwork in color, and international focus d. use of cutting-edge words like "new" and "mass" and yellow journalism e. improvements in railroads and roads and the institution of a national postal system

Q: __________ was the first major industry to attract large numbers of people to the West. a. Cattle ranching b. Farming c. Fur trapping d. Herding e. Mining

Q: The most important function of the school in 1850 was seen as __________. a. intellectual training b. vocational training c. moral indoctrination d. child care e. physical conditioning

Q: James Madison opposed Hamilton's proposal for the public debt because __________. a. he feared Hamilton's growing political power b. the powers of state government would be reduced c. he believed only a chosen few would benefit d. it did not foster the government of the Revolution e. many soldiers were never given loan certificates that entitled them to payment

Q: Upon arriving in the New World, English settlers __________. a. quickly abandoned English beliefs and values b. generally adapted old beliefs to the new environment c. rarely were forced to significantly change their old English ways d. usually adopted the customs of the local Indian tribes as a way to survive e. immediately focused on converting the Native Americans

Q: In what way did the 2000 presidential election reveal a division in American life? a. The urban coastal states voted for Bush while rural southern and western states voted for Gore. b. The poor voted for Bush while the middle class voted for Gore. c. The poor voted for Gore while the rich voted for Bush. d. The poor voted for Bush while the rich voted for Gore. e. Suburbia voted for Bush while rural America voted for Gore.

Q: Why were Americans worried about Hitler's attacks on Britain, in particular? a. America had an alliance with Britain that could force the nation into the war. b. Many Americans had British ancestors or ties to businesses in Britain. c. Many Americans still had family members living in Britain. d. If Hitler took Britain, he would have access to an atom bomb. e. If Hitler took Britain, he could use the British navy to attack the Americas.

Q: The Ashcan school of artists __________. a. turned against realistic portrayals of life b. shared the reformers' feel for the environment c. were abstract artists d. were influenced by European artists e. believed that "less is more"

Q: The 1902 federal law to use the proceeds from land sales to finance irrigation projects in the West was the __________. a. National Reclamation Act b. Timber Culture Act c. Timber and Stone Act d. Homestead Act e. Western Watering Act

Q: Nineteenth-century parents began using __________ to enforce good behavior among their children. a. fear b. praise c. bribery d. guilt e. humor

Q: Hamilton's Report on the Public Credit recommended __________. a. the renunciation of all old government debts b. that the federal government assume remaining state debts c. that the states fund most government activities d. that bankers be restricted in their dealings with the federal government e. that the federal government offer its creditors 80 percent of the face value of its obligations

Q: English settlers in seventeenth-century America could be characterized best in terms of their __________. a. striking social diversity b. similarity to French and Spanish migrants of the same period c. unity of purpose and motivation d. desire to help each other e. homogeneity

Q: Which statement most accurately compares Al Gore and George W. Bush? a. Gore seemed aloof but had experience, while Bush was personable but inexperienced. b. Gore was knowledgeable but inexperienced, while Bush was experienced with foreign policy but not domestic issues. c. Gore was personable but inexperienced, while Bush was both likeable and experienced. d. Both Gore and Bush were highly likeable but inexperienced. e. Both Gore and Bush had extensive experience in government but came across as aloof.

Q: With the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, President Roosevelt __________. a. immediately declared war on Germany b. immediately loaned war supplies to France and England c. declared American neutrality d. warned Germany not to try to occupy France e. made a secret pact with the French

Q: Popular music in the Progressive Era __________. a. was strongly influenced by the African American experience b. experienced little change c. became more classical in its orientation d. originated in the northern urban environment e. traced its roots to western Europe

Q: The largest landowners in the West were __________. a. railroad companies b. immigrants c. eastern settlers d. Native Americans e. Mexicans

Q: What was considered the main function of the family unit in the nineteenth century? a. to establish a good name for the family b. to maintain the family's reputation c. to contribute to the economy d. to defend family members against outsiders e. to raise children

Q: The greatest challenge facing the first Washington administration was __________. a. foreign affairs b. waging war with Native Americans c. setting the government's finances in order d. territorial expansion e. regulating interstate trade

Q: Which is the best description of the most important message Richard Hakluyt's stories communicated to European readers?a. Readers were convinced that the New World was a paradise that was theirs for the taking, and they paid little regard to the native people already living there.b. Readers were cautioned not to settle in the New World without first being aware of the potential dangers that they could face.c. Readers were convinced that the Native Americans were agreeable and eager to help them get settled in exchange for trading new ideas and goods.d. Readers were warned to be sensitive to the concerns of Native Americans and not to treat the New World as a place that was simply theirs for the taking.e. Readers were convinced that they would find precious metals in North America, and Hakluyt's stories told them where to find those precious metals.

Q: When Kenneth Starr's report outlining the possible impeachment charges against Clinton was released, the public __________. a. became even angrier with Clinton for his indiscretions and deceits b. was apathetic to Starr's report c. overwhelmingly concluded that presidential affairs of this nature were best handled in the public arena d. strongly supported Starr for his thorough investigation of the president's indiscretions e. condemned Starr for revealing such graphic and intimate details of sexual practices in the news

Q: Britain and France responded to initial German aggression in 1938 by __________. a. immediately threatening war b. allying with the Soviet Union c. seizing German territory d. attempting to appease Hitler e. blockading German ports

Q: What popular form of entertainment drew from the immigrant experience? a. the band concert b. ragtime c. vaudeville d. jazz e. the minstrel show

Q: A common sight for pioneers heading west on the Oregon and other trails was __________. a. the bleached bones of those who had gone before b. menacing bands of hostile Indians c. piles of trash discarded by previous travelers d. towns where gambling and drinking predominated e. cattle drives heading north

Q: The feminine subculture for many middle-class women during this era focused on __________. a. establishing that women are morally superior to men b. establishing a sense of solidarity with other women c. gaining political equality with men d. gaining economic equality with men e. competition with other women to be most virtuous

Q: By the end of Washington's first term of office, __________. a. political harmony had unified the cabinet b. political squabbling had divided the government c. political parties had not yet formed d. the machinery of government had been brought to a standstill e. politicians understood the force of public opinion

Q: What was the key difference between the English and Spanish colonial systems? a. The English crown totally funded the colonies, while the Spanish Crown offered little aid to its colonizers. b. The English efforts were private, and the Spanish colonies were supported by the Crown. c. The English settled the interior lands, while the Spanish settled primarily in coastal regions. d. Religion played a central role in all the English colonies, but had little or no impact in New Spain. e. The English were more concerned with finding wealth in the New World, while the Spanish wanted to establish permanent settlements.

Q: The Democratic party changed its tactics in the early 1990s and regained the White House by __________. a. becoming more liberal in order to differentiate itself from the Independent party b. becoming more moderate and beginning to tailor programs to the middle class c. ceasing to focus on the middle class and instead seeking upper-class support d. abandoning the traditional Democratic goals such as health care reform e. strengthening its focus on the importance of big government

Q: As a result of the Nye Committee's findings, __________. a. Congress passed the neutrality acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 b. Secretary of State Kellogg signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact c. R.O.T.C. was temporarily disbanded d. the pacifist movement in America dwindled significantly e. Congress banned the sale of guns inside the United States

Q: The violence of which sport led to the establishment of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)? a. hockey b. football c. lacrosse d. basketball e. baseball

Q: A dominant issue in the western Great Plains was control of __________. a. gold and silver mines b. grazing rights c. water d. the land e. the routes of the great cattle drives

Q: The Cult of Domesticity primarily affected the lives of __________. a. relatively affluent women b. middle-class men c. working-class women d. African American women e. recent immigrants

Q: Which of the following individuals was a member of George Washington's first cabinet? a. John Adams b. John Jay c. Henry Knox d. James Madison e. Thomas Pinckney

Q: Which is the best interpretation of historian Davis Eltis's statement: "In terms of immigration alone . . . America was an extension of Africa rather than Europe until the late nineteenth century"?a. The colonists set up communities in the New World that were much closer to the communities of Africa than to those of Europe.b. Many European colonists gave up the traditional ways of their homelands, while people brought to America from Africa retained most of their traditions.c. The new colonies were governed in ways that were unlike any kind of European government and more like African governments.d. Africans were not the largest group to immigrate to America, but they had the greatest influence on the new colonies.e. More Africans than Europeans came to North America in the early years of colonization.

Q: What caused a riot in South Central Los Angeles in which 53 people were killed? a. the government's response to the Tiananmen Square massacre b. the court's acquittal of the police officers who beat Rodney King c. the government's failure to respond to the Hurricane Katrina disaster d. the American invasion of Iraq e. the fall of the Berlin Wall

Q: What did the League of Nations do after the Italian invasion of Ethiopia? a. protected the southern half of the country from Mussolini's army b. halted Mussolini's forces just across the Ethiopian border c. authorized billions of dollars in aid for the Ethiopians d. made halfhearted and unsuccessful efforts to stop Mussolini e. organized a successful counterattack to drive the Italians out of Ethiopia

Q: By 1920, __________. a. the quality of life had improved for many Americans b. the number of available jobs had decreased c. the quality of life had improved only for the upper class d. few Americans received the benefits of the new industrial technology e. most aspects of life had remained unchanged for a couple of generations

Q: The first migrations westward __________. a. headed for the Middle Plains region b. focused on the Southwest c. rushed to Oregon and California d. followed the traditional path of earlier settlers e. steered toward the Great Lakes region

Q: The "proper" sphere for middle-class white women in the nineteenth century was __________. a. helping with her husband's small business b. being involved in the arts and literature c. keeping house and raising a family d. working at tasks that did not need physical strength e. working outside the home

Q: The Judiciary Act of 1789 __________. a. was primarily the work of Oliver Ellsworth b. set up a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices c. defined the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court d. provided that the chief justice would be chosen by the Senate e. established the power of judicial review

Q: How did Richard Hakluyt keep the dream of colonizing America alive? a. He explored the New World and brought exotic products back to England. b. He interviewed explorers and propagandized their stories in a popular book. c. He started a successful colony that made reasonably good profits. d. He wrote a work on the variety and cultural diversity of Native Americans. e. He wrote a fictional story about a settlement but claimed it was a factual account.

Q: How did life improve for African Americans during the last few decades of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century? a. The average income for African American families increased to match that of white families. b. The average educational level of African Americans increased. c. The incarceration level of African Americans dropped below the national average. d. The poverty rate among African Americans dropped below the national average. e. Homicide was no longer the leading cause of death among young black males.

Q: Which statement best describes how Secretary of State Kellogg manipulated the Kellogg-Briand Pact to fit American isolationism after World War I? a. By refusing to sign the pact after it was created, Kellogg made it clear that the United States was not interested in joining European wars. b. By inviting all nations to sign the pact, Kellogg avoided an alliance with France that could pressure the United States into aiding France in a European war. c. By keeping the pact between America and France only, Kellogg avoided being allied to other European nations in the event of war. d. By keeping the pact between the two major American political parties, Kellogg ensured that the United States would enter foreign wars only in self-defense. e. By inviting all of Europe to sign the pact, Kellogg ensured that there would be no more European wars.

Q: In terms of worker relations, Henry Ford __________.a. was generally behind the timesb. showed little concern for his workersc. used trickery and brute force to achieve his aimsd. developed a poor image that limited his choice of workerse. tried many innovations

Q: The final blow to Native American tribal life on the Plains was __________. a. the deaths of the major Native American leaders b. the extermination of the buffalo herds c. incessant tribal warfare d. the reservation system e. the introduction of crop farming

Q: The term "benevolent empire" referred to __________. a. a United States without slavery b. the English-speaking Christian colonies c. a group of Christian churches that focused on helping the poor d. a group of missionary and reform societies that worked together e. the Kingdom of Heaven

Q: For many Americans, George Washington was __________. a. a symbol of the new government b. a routine, typical political leader c. not a popular leader d. a threat to proclaim himself king e. a good general, but not necessarily a good politician

Q: Why was the Roanoke settlement doomed from its inception? a. The chosen settlers were ill-prepared for the conditions. b. The Spanish Armada patrolled the Atlantic seaboard. c. Queen Elizabeth was against the venture. d. There were too many religious conflicts. e. England was distracted because of its preparations for war.

Q: How did Congress respond to concerns about the economic effects of undocumented workers in 1986? a. It approved a bill that tripled the size of the border patrol. b. It created a new branch of the Department of Defense to deal with the issue. c. It doubled the funds allotted for border enforcement. d. It repealed privacy laws to allow the government to find undocumented workers. e. It penalized employers who hired undocumented workers.

Q: The United States dropped its first atom bomb on __________, killing 60,000 people. a. Osaka b. Nagasaki c. Tokyo d. Hiroshima e. Fukushima

Q: What did business leaders who were concerned about labor unrest do? a. placed armed guards in the factories b. encouraged union activism c. turned to applied psychology for answers d. felt they could do little to solve the problem e. adopted a policy of limited force and coercion

Q: Beginning in 1871, the U.S. government __________. a. stopped dealing with Native American tribes as sovereign nations b. started dealing with Native American tribes as sovereign nations c. tried to restore lands to Native Americans d. rejected the Dawes Act e. began a systematic slaughter of all Native Americans still living in tribes

Q: What was the Washingtonian Society? a. an evangelical group that focused on converting the working classes to Christianity b. a group of Christian women who traveled the country preaching the evils of alcoholism c. a political faction that used the Constitution as a basis for their antislavery movement d. a temperance group whose members discussed their struggles with alcoholism e. a secret society that prompted many of the social and religious reforms during the 1800s

Q: Members of the Federalist party __________. a. advocated states' rights b. supported the French Revolution c. wanted Thomas Jefferson to be president d. supported a strong national government e. despised centralized economic planning

Q: Which of the following is incorrectly matched with its colony? a. France " Canada b. Portugal " Brazil c. Spain " Puerto Rico d. England " Cuba e. Spain " Mexico

Q: One thing immigrants from the four major Hispanic groups have had in common is that they have tended to __________. a. be relatively wealthy b. have few children c. be relatively young d. have very high college graduation rates e. live primarily in rural areas

Q: What was the Manhattan Project? a. a plan for ground troops to take Tokyo and end the war b. a government program to deal with criminals of war c. an elite team of secret agents that nearly assassinated Hitler d. a diplomatic project to negotiate a Japanese surrender e. a top-secret program that developed the atom bomb

Q: The Industrial Workers of the World __________. a. was the most radical American labor union b. sought to parallel the American Federation of Labor c. had little impact on immigrant workers d. was readily accepted by the American business establishment e. greatly restricted its membership

Q: By the late 1880s, a popular new cult among the Native American Plains tribes was __________. a. the Ghost Dance b. the Sun Dance c. human sacrifice d. Catholicism e. the Great White Father

Q: Lyman Beecher was most closely associated with which one of the following reform movements? a. abolition b. mental asylum reform c. prison reform d. public school reform e. temperance

Q: How did disagreements between Federalists and Antifederalists reflect the political climate of the 1780s and predict the climate of the 1800s?a. The disagreements showed that Americans were strangers to the political process and had a lot to learn.b. The disagreements threatened the young nation throughout the 1780s and well into the 1800s.c. The disagreements were inconsequential, as most Americans agreed about state, federal, and individual rights.d. The disagreements were quickly cleared up, demonstrating that Americans were willing to compromise on most issues.e. The disagreements showed how the country was divided and would be divided for the next several decades on state, federal, and individual rights.