Q&A Hero

Q: What was the debate in the 1860s between whites in the East and whites in the West over what to do about Native Americans? a. Easterners wanted a peaceful policy of assimilation, while those in the West, who feared attacks, wanted a firmer control over Native Americans. b. Easterners wanted Native Americans to be segregated on reservations, while those in the West wanted Native Americans to be assimilated into white society. c. Easterners wanted Native Americans to move further west, while westerners believed they should be allowed to stay where they were. d. Easterners felt that until Native Americans were fully controlled, they could not have any rights, whereas westerners wanted them to have equal rights. e. Easterners felt that Native Americans should be allowed to live their traditional nomadic lifestyles, while westerners wanted them to be assimilated into American culture.

Q: Which of the following movements had the greatest influence on the development of the abolitionist movement? a. Cult of Domesticity b. extension of public education c. women's rights d. temperance e. Second Great Awakening

Q: Initially, why did Americans want to remain neutral when war broke out in Europe? a. The British and the French treated the young American nation arrogantly. b. Most Americans believed only in nonviolent solutions to conflicts. c. Most Americans did not care about a war a whole ocean away. d. Americans were tired of fighting, as they had just finished the Revolution. e. Both Britain and France were generous, powerful allies.

Q: What eventually solved the economic problems of seventeenth-century Virginia? a. cultivation of tobacco b. reorganization of the joint-stock company c. a successful agreement with the Native Americans d. trading with Barbados e. stopping the import of goods from England

Q: The Marshall Plan proposed __________. a. infusing massive amounts of American capital into Western Europe b. bolstering the German army to prevent the spread of communism c. an international effort to stop postwar global inflation d. that all nations should immediately destroy their atomic weapons e. dividing Germany into several areas of military occupation

Q: The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution provided for __________. a. women's suffrage b. prohibition c. a federal income tax d. direct election of senators e. extending the franchise to 18-year-olds

Q: The Grange was originally founded in 1867 to __________. a. provide social, cultural, and educational activities for farmers b. allow farmers to have a say in government c. organize farmers into a union for collective bargaining d. keep peace between farmers and cattlemen in the West e. provide collective insurance for farmers and their land

Q: The African colonization movement __________. a. saw African countries refusing to participate in the program b. advocated immediate emancipation of slaves c. was opposed by African Americans in the North d. was hampered by government intervention e. successfully emancipated and relocated most slaves before the Civil War

Q: How were political parties formed in the United States?a. Each congressman voted on possible party affiliations.b. They grew naturally out of Federalist and Antifederalist groups.c. Opponents who had disagreed on finances began to disagree on which country to support in the European war.d. First Hamilton and then Jefferson met with their proponents and formally named their groups as political parties.e. Washington, seeing how divided the country was about slavery, proposed political parties as a way for people to disagree civilly.

Q: The first three years of Jamestown's history witnessed __________. a. terrible hardship and suffering b. the discovery of gold and silver c. successful attempts at growing many profitable crops d. the establishment of a representative form of government e. the erection of the first Christian church in North America

Q: The Truman Doctrine stated that American policy would be to __________. a. remain isolated from European and Asian affairs b. take a more active part in rebuilding the war-ravaged Soviet economy c. use military force to defend China against Soviet aggression d. support free peoples who were resisting the Soviet Union or its surrogates e. help create democratic governments in the emerging nations of Africa

Q: Many of the leaders of the progressive movement __________. a. opposed professional work and workers b. were rather well educated c. tended toward radical views of reform d. opposed the expansion of women's rights e. were determined to have a negative effect on big business

Q: What was one of the results of the rapid increase in cultivated acreage during the latter half of the nineteenth century? a. higher tariffs on farm products b. lower prices for farm products c. a decrease in demand for farm machinery d. an increase in land values e. a decrease in land values

Q: In practice, working-class families viewed the new public schools __________. a. as depriving them of needed wage earners b. as essential to the improvement of their economic situation c. with indifference d. as an indication of the helpful concern of the upper classes e. as a welcomed learning opportunity for themselves and their children

Q: How did Alexander Hamilton fail to achieve all of his economic policy objectives? a. He failed to fund the national debt. b. Congress blocked his plan of assumption of the state debts. c. Washington vetoed his creation of a national bank. d. He was unable to win the passage of a protective tariff. e. Jefferson successfully lobbied against approval of a standardized currency.

Q: Which is the best description of the settlers in the early days of the Virginia Colony? a. They were about evenly divided between men and women. b. They were well-prepared to establish a colonial outpost. c. They preferred to search for riches rather than farm. d. They had few troubles except for unfriendly Indians. e. They organized a successful community government.

Q: In 1946 and 1947, conflict in which countries caused the Truman administration to worry about the rise of Soviet power and the spread of communism around the globe? a. Egypt and Iran b. Sweden and Norway c. Belgium and France d. Vietnam and Japan e. Greece and Turkey

Q: The characteristics of progressivism included __________. a. seeking radical changes in American life b. applying the principle of laissez-faire to big business c. being fundamentally pessimistic about human nature d. being unwilling to directly intervene in other people's lives e. emphasizing the role of the environment in human development

Q: How did barbed wire transform the lives of farmers on the Great Plains? a. It allowed farmers to establish the boundaries of their farms, which previously had not been possible. b. It made it possible for farmers to leave their farms for extended periods of time. c. It helped farmers get cattle to northern markets along the cattle trails. d. It kept Native Americans away from their farms so that their land was protected. e. It allowed farmers to pen their animals and keep other animals off their land.

Q: Educational reformers sometimes thought of the local school as a substitute for the family because they were worried that __________. a. poor and immigrant families would not properly nurture their children b. parents in poor and immigrant families often ended up getting divorced c. many families would resist the new child-centered model of family life they endorsed for religious reasons d. parents in wealthy families often ended up getting divorced e. parents in poor and immigrant families often ended up abandoning their children

Q: Which of the following would Alexander Hamilton have proposed? a. strong diplomatic ties with France b. the purchase of western lands c. giving the common man the vote d. providing government subsidies to manufacturers e. modeling the banking system on the German model

Q: What was a major factor stimulating English migration to the New World? a. a desire to establish a democratic form of government b. the discovery of mineral resources c. escape from the plague d. laws that forced the migration of the poorer classes e. a desire for land ownership

Q: George Kennan's "containment" policy proposed __________. a. long-term neutrality for the United States with respect to European affairs b. a series of aggressive maneuvers toward the Soviet Union c. efforts to stop the expansion of Russian control and communism d. a return to prewar isolationist policies e. a coup to replace communism with democracy in Europe and Asia

Q: Given the history of U.S. Southwest, what is significant about Mexican immigration to that area in the early 1900s? a. Historically the Southwest had been intolerant of Mexican influence, so the new wave of immigration was a sign that times were changing. b. The Southwest was originally a part of Mexico, so when 10 percent of the Mexican population immigrated there in the 1900s, their influence on the region was significant. c. Historically the Southwest had belonged to Native Americans, so the new wave of Mexican immigrants displaced Native Americans from their ancestral lands. d. The Southwest was originally a part of Mexico, so when 10 percent of the Mexican population immigrated there in the 1900s, their presence was not welcomed by Americans. e. Historically the Southwest had been an economically depressed part of the U.S., so when poor Mexicans immigrated there in large numbers, they depressed the region even further.

Q: What was the primary cause of the increase of farmers in the West after the Civil War? a. the decline of ranching b. failed miners looking for new opportunities c. the belief in economic opportunity by many Americans d. an increase in the birthrate of the western farmers e. advances in farming by irrigation

Q: Why did society begin to focus on childhood in the nineteenth century? a. Children were becoming a larger part of the national economy. b. Urban couples saw large families as an economic asset. c. Religious revivalism made birth control and abortions impossible. d. Families were getting larger and individual children received more attention. e. Families got smaller and individual children became more highly valued.

Q: Why didn't Washington veto Hamilton's bank bill? a. He agreed with it whole-heartedly. b. He didn't like it, but he knew it was best for the country. c. Jefferson made a strong argument for it, and Hamilton argued weakly against it. d. Hamilton made a strong argument for it, and Jefferson argued weakly against it. e. The Supreme Court had already approved it.

Q: Which best summarizes the pattern of English kings in colonizing North America? a. They followed a precise plan of geographic development. b. They tried to separate the colonies into distinct groups, based on economics, politics, religion, and labor system. c. They negotiated treaties with the Indians. d. They followed no plan and distributed the land haphazardly, creating overlapping territorial claims. e. They awarded colonial charters only to the most wealthy individuals in order to guarantee success for the new colonies.

Q: The disarmament plan that the Truman administration proposed to the United Nations after World War II was called __________. a. the Potsdam Conference b. the Baruch Plan c. the Manhattan Project d. the Cold War Treaty e. Containment

Q: In 1904, a Boston newspaper stated, "In the United States of today, everyone is middle class. The resort to force, the wild talk of the nineties are over. Everyone is busily, happily getting ahead." What was the focus of the "wild talk of the nineties"? a. futuristic technological advances b. advances in industrialization c. war and conquest d. morality and religion e. social, economic, and racial reforms

Q: By the late nineteenth century, ranching was changing as __________. a. ranchers were fencing off their lands b. experienced cowboys abandoned ranches in favor of factory jobs c. ranches were getting smaller d. ranchers switched to farming corn e. cattle shipped from Mexico became cheaper than American cattle

Q: As a result of changes in the middle-class family, nineteenth-century children __________. a. left home sooner b. became more available for labor c. received more physical punishment than earlier generations d. increasingly became viewed as individuals e. were often offered up for adoption

Q: Why did opponents criticize Hamilton's assumption program? a. It rewarded states like Massachusetts, which had sloppy financial systems, for nonpayment of debt. b. It proposed a lengthy and unrealistic policy of repaying the original holders of the debt. c. Only the poor would profit from the program, disadvantaging the rich and creating larger economic issues. d. The program was disproportionately favorable to the South. e. The program could lead to the establishment of a monarchy.

Q: Large numbers of the first English settlers in the Carolinas came from __________. a. Ireland b. Barbados c. Rhode Island d. Jamaica e. the Virgin Islands

Q: Which country was politically controlled by the Soviet Union after World War II? a. Poland b. Norway c. Austria d. Turkey e. Denmark

Q: How did industrialism change from the nineteenth to the twentieth century? a. Technology replaced workers, making skilled craftsmanship and unskilled laborers at once obsolete. b. Mass production meant mass wealth and prosperity for most Americans, affecting the global economy. c. Factories became cleaner, safer, and more effective, improving and increasing production. d. The invention of plastic revolutionized the production industry, making household and industrial products affordable. e. Businesses grew even larger and more automated, affecting production, workers, owners, and society as a whole.

Q: Which of the following stimulated the western cattle industry? a. court decisions that allowed livestock to be transported across state lines b. the discovery of precious metals, which made money available for investment in ranching c. railroads and a population increase in the eastern United States d. a decline in the amount of beef imported to the United States e. dietary changes in the eastern United States

Q: What was a major change in middle-class family life during the nineteenth century? a. Relationships between parents and children became more formal. b. The Cult of Domesticity lost ground. c. Families became more child-centered. d. More and more women were forced to work outside the home. e. The use of corporal punishment increased.

Q: How did Hamilton demonstrate his dedication in developing his plan for prosperity and security? a. He consulted his friends and colleagues in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Virginia. b. He surveyed and patiently listened to his political enemies, especially Jefferson and Madison. c. He traveled to England and France, studying their economic institutions and industrial centers. d. He traveled around the United States, even into the Western territories, to gain a true sense of the nation's fiscal status. e. He studied economic literature deeply and surveyed the country's current fiscal situation.

Q: The colony of Pennsylvania was established as a religious sanctuary for __________. a. Puritans b. Catholics c. Baptists d. Quakers e. Presbyterians

Q: The term "Iron Curtain" refers to __________. a. the border between North and South Korea b. the military operation in which the United States dropped the atom bomb on Japan c. the railroad system that was restored in Europe after World War II ended d. the separation between Soviet-dominated Europe and Western Europe e. the seemingly insurmountable class divide in postwar Western Europe

Q: How were art and labor movements related in the early 1900s? a. Both were influenced by the dehumanizing effects of industrialization. b. Authorities such as government and big business abolished both. c. Both were progressive and eager to represent the spirit of the masses. d. Both promoted socialist revolt; the labor movements led the artists. e. The labor movements used modern artists' work to further their causes.

Q: Why did the number of Chinese immigrants fall drastically in the late nineteenth century? a. Chinese laborers were treated so poorly in the West that fewer immigrants wanted to come to the United States. b. China severely restricted immigration to the United States beginning in the 1880s. c. The Homestead Act did not apply to Chinese immigrants and thus there was no land available for them. d. Many Chinese laborers found better work in Europe than in the United States. e. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 suspended immigration of Chinese laborers.

Q: Why did Catharine Beecher argue that women should be schoolteachers? a. Women were best suited to instill virtues in young male children. b. Women had a stronger moral sense than men. c. Women were more intelligent than men. d. Women were not qualified to work in any other occupation. e. Women had better language and explication skills than men.

Q: Which of the following was a Hamiltonian idea? a. The strength of the American economy resides in its agricultural productivity. b. The new central government will survive if the wealthiest people support it. c. France is the most important ally of the United States. d. A large national debt risks the future of the common people. e. Aristocracy is a greater threat than anarchy.

Q: The English takeover of New Netherland (which was subsequently renamed New York) __________. a. had little immediate effect on the colony b. was followed by the expulsion of the Dutch c. led to the prompt creation of a legislature d. met with armed resistance by the Dutch e. sparked a war between the English and the Dutch

Q: What was the fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Cold War about? a. who would control postwar Europe b. who would control postwar Asia c. which country had contributed more to the Allied victory d. whether Truman or Stalin would lead postwar alliances e. whether collective security was possible in the postwar world

Q: In the early 1900s, dance, music, art, and poetry were related because many dancers, artists, musicians, and poets were __________. a. experimenting with forms of realism b. experimenting with unconventional new art forms c. returning to classic forms from ancient Greece and Rome d. returning to the instruments and methods of the Renaissance era e. experimenting with technology to influence their art form

Q: What was significant about the Big Bonanza? a. It made Henry Comstock the richest man in the world. b. It was the largest wheat farm on the Great Plains. c. It was discovered near Pike's Peak in California. d. It was the richest discovery in the history of mining. e. It indirectly led to an uprising of Sioux Indians.

Q: The Cult of Domesticity __________. a. spread the message that women had no value in society b. saw women as guardians of virtue within the family c. idealized women who left their families for religious missions d. taught that women should help the economic stability of their families e. focused on the role of men in the family unit

Q: Washington realized he was a symbol for the young American nation in that he __________. a. represented all the political parties b. had both French and British heritage c. had no real power but was a figurehead d. embodied the hopes and fears of the new republic e. was a young American with boundless energy and fresh ideas

Q: Because of its policy of religious toleration, __________ attracted unusual numbers of independent-minded people. a. Maryland b. Connecticut c. Pennsylvania d. New York e. Rhode Island

Q: One crucial issue discussed at the Potsdam Conference was __________. a. the use of the atomic bomb b. the spread of communism in China c. war reparations d. opening a second front against Germany e. how to deal with Japan

Q: What is significant about D. W. Griffith's beliefs about race and his legacy as a filmmaker? a. He believed in racial equality, so as America's first real filmmaker, his legacy is one of racial equality. b. In the technology race, Griffith's legacy is as America's (and therefore the world's) first significant filmmaker. c. Griffith believed that life was a technological race, and he used technology to become America's first real filmmaker. d. He was racist, so as America's first real filmmaker, his legacy is one of racially biased films. e. Griffith's legacy is one of innovation; film students still study his films for their innovations in close-ups, fade-outs, and artistic camera angles.

Q: Why did "instant cities" arise in the West in the late nineteenth century? a. City builders rushed to the West to take advantage of the cheap land. b. People rushed to the West for economic opportunities, and cities sprang up quickly. c. Easterners were anxious to replicate the cities they had left and built quickly. d. Building materials were so cheap that it made sense to build an entire city instantly instead of letting it develop over time. e. White settlers took over western settlements that had already been built by Native Americans.

Q: The sociological basis for the Cult of Domesticity was __________. a. the growing urban population of the nation b. the accepted use of child labor c. a growing division of labor between men and women d. the increasing acceptance of careers for women e. the staggering number of women dying during childbirth

Q: How was Washington's election to the presidency different from that of every president since? a. He was unanimously elected by the electoral college. b. He was elected by the public, as there was no electoral college yet. c. He was not "elected" but rather appointed by Congress. d. He is the only army general to have become president. e. He is the only president who was not born on American soil.

Q: To its founding leaders, __________ would be a "City on a Hill." a. Rhode Island b. Connecticut c. Maryland d. Pennsylvania e. Massachusetts

Q: America's use of the atomic bomb to defeat Japan __________. a. strengthened the alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union b. made the Soviet Union defer to the United States in matters of international policy c. had no effect on the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union d. led to the postwar arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union e. nearly led to an outright war with the Soviet Union

Q: Why was life expectancy lower for blacks and other racial minorities in the early 1900s? a. Race riots targeted blacks and other racial minorities, violently affecting their life expectancy. b. They made up the bulk of factory laborers whose jobs were dangerous and therefore life-threatening. c. They suffered more the dehumanizing effects of assembly-line production. d. They were excluded from the census, so the statistics are inaccurate. e. In general, they were poorer, endured worse living conditions, and had less access to health care.

Q: Why was the late-nineteenth-century southwestern frontier largely Spanish American? a. The heavy Spanish influence there was due to the original Spanish settlers. b. There were very few Anglo Americans who wanted to settle the southwest. c. It was originally part of Mexico, and many Mexicans still had communities there. d. Mexico did not allow people from the eastern United States to settle there. e. English settlers were reluctant to learn Spanish, so they settled elsewhere.

Q: As a result of the temperance campaign of the 1830s, __________. a. the campaign to stop the public from drinking alcohol expanded to include beer and wine b. large numbers of confirmed drunkards were cured c. temperance became a mark of respectability d. per capita consumption of hard liquor declined by more than 80 percent e. the drinking habits of lower-class American males were significantly altered

Q: Why did Jeffersonians fear strong financial institutions? a. Most were simple farmers who did not understand banking policy. b. They resented Federalists, who tended to have more money. c. They held firm religious beliefs about the sin of greed. d. Most were anti-Semitic, believing that banks were controlled by Jewish interests. e. They believed that banks were the root of corruption in the British government.

Q: The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay believed that the best way to reform the Church of England was to __________. a. separate from it and reform it from the outside b. rely on help from the English monarchy c. remain in the Church and reform it from the inside d. refuse to associate with it in any way e. actively work to destroy the tenets with which they disagreed

Q: Which statement best describes isolationist and interventionist opinions about FDR as he led America to the brink of war in Europe? a. Both isolationists and interventionists were happy with how he handled events. b. Isolationists thought he was deceitful and interventionists thought he was too cautious in dealing with the Nazis. c. Isolationists thought he was doing well keeping America out of the war, but interventionists were furious that America was doing nothing. d. Isolationists were furious that he was helping the Allies, but interventionists were thrilled that the nation was doing something to help. e. Isolationists were furious that he was helping the Allies, and even the interventionists thought he was going too far with his aid.

Q: What kind of clothing did "off-the-rack" clothes replace? a. homemade clothes b. imports from Europe c. WWI uniforms d. "ready-to-wear" clothes e. mail-order catalog clothes

Q: How did the National Reclamation Act help settlement in the west? a. It restricted immigration from Asia and parts of Europe so that there would be more land for easterners moving west. b. It reclaimed hundreds of acres of land from Native Americans and made it available to white settlers. c. It restricted cattle to specific areas of land, so that farmers would have more land for cultivation. d. It gave 160 acres of land to anyone who would pay a registration fee and cultivate the land for five years. e. It financed irrigation projects, such as dams and canals, which brought water to the area.

Q: Temperance reformers opposed consumption of alcohol because of the belief that __________. a. water was a safer beverage b. alcohol was a threat to the family unit c. drinking was mainly a female vice d. consumption decreased business profits e. alcohol production reduced the availability of grain for food consumption

Q: In the election of 1800, __________. a. the Twelfth Amendment was used to choose the vice president b. Alexander Hamilton supported the candidacy of fellow Federalist John Adams c. the electoral college chose Thomas Jefferson to be the third president d. Federalists preferred Aaron Burr over Thomas Jefferson as president e. controversy led to changes in the presidential electoral process

Q: King Charles I disbanded Parliament in 1629 because he could not deal with intense criticism from the __________. a. Puritans b. Baptists c. Catholics d. Anglicans e. Presbyterians

Q: Which two factors explain American isolationism in the 1930s? a. the Great Depression and an understanding of the costs of war b. the Great Depression and the Catholic Church c. the Kellogg-Briand Pact and anti-Semitism d. the Kellogg-Briand Pact and a lack of resources e. a lack of resources and religious revival

Q: Why did the middle class have the strongest effect on production in the early 1900s? a. In general, laborers responsible for production came from the middle class. b. As the middle class grew in size and prosperity, it demanded more products, increasing production. c. As the working class grew in size, it decreased in prosperity, making the middle class the most powerful group in society. d. In the early 1900s, the lower and upper classes virtually disappeared; only a consuming middle class remained, increasing demand for production. e. As the middle class grew, its need for jobs also grew, so production had to increase to stave off unemployment.

Q: Why did the Homestead Act of 1862 fail? a. It charged too much for government land. b. The land allotments were insufficient for farming arid land. c. It did not adequately convert Native Americans to farming. d. Gold was discovered on land set aside for farming. e. Too few settlers were willing to migrate to the West.

Q: The temperance movement __________. a. was created to help unmarried women survive in the workforce b. led to a rise in organized crime due to criminalization of alcohol consumption c. was the least successful reform movement of the era d. was created to address alcohol consumption rates that were slightly less than modern rates e. addressed a very real social problem of the time

Q: The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution __________.a. changed the process of electing the president and vice presidentb. decreased presidential powerc. heightened the potential for further political conflictd. stopped the African slave tradee. dealt with the judicial power of the United States

Q: Seventeenth-century English Puritans __________. a. were only a tiny minority of all Englishmen b. were committed to significant institutional change c. were firmly supportive of the status quo d. accepted the tenets of Catholicism with reservations e. were neurotic and self-righteous

Q: After World War II, the United States __________. a. was drastically weaker than it had been before the war b. was slightly weaker than it had been before the war c. had about the same amount of power as it had before the war d. was slightly more powerful than it had been before the war e. was the most powerful country in the world

Q: How were the goals of Samuel Gompers and "Big Bill" Heywood similar? a. Both men believed in opposing business owners to gain workers' rights. b. Both men believed in limiting entry into skilled crafts fields, so as to increase competition and quality. c. Both men believed in the workers' rights to better wages and safer working conditions. d. Both men believed in socialist reforms that would give the laborers full ownership of the means of production. e. Both men believed in immigrant and unskilled workers' rights to join unions and advocate for equal wages, hours, and housing.

Q: Why is it inaccurate to say that everyone who settled in the American West in the 1870s and 1880s traveled westward? a. Many people in the Northwest traveled southeast to the Great Plains. b. Mexicans traveled north and Asians traveled east to settle in the West. c. Mexicans traveled east from California to settle in the Great Plains. d. Western Europeans traveled east in order to settle in the West. e. Asians in the west traveled east to reach the Great Plains.

Q: As a result of revivalism, northern evangelicals __________. a. became involved in the abolitionist movement b. were most successful in the reform movements of the South c. most successfully drew converts from the lower classes of society d. fiercely opposed the Indian removal policy e. moved to make their message more secular