Q&A Hero

Q: Which political party made significant gains in Washington in the 1950s, capturing the presidency in 1952? a. the Republican party b. the Democratic party c. the Libertarian party d. the Dixiecrats e. the Progressive party

Q: Dividing the Republican party early in Taft's administration was __________. a. the issue of foreign policy and government b. the problem of banking regulation c. a decision concerning the need to lower tariffs d. the question of campaign strategy e. split loyalty between Taft and Roosevelt

Q: __________ became the first billion-dollar company. a. Thomson Steel Works b. Standard Oil c. Westinghouse d. U.S. Steel e. American Telephone and Telegraph

Q: Mexican territory in North America in 1821 included __________. a. Wyoming b. Oregon c. Idaho d. Oklahoma e. Nevada

Q: How does the financial-political climate of the late eighteenth century compare to today's climate? a. The late eighteenth century was a simpler time; people were either farmers or professionals, and few people discussed politics or financial systems. b. Debate about politics and finances was more intense in the late eighteenth century; strife resulted as people established political and financial systems. c. In the late eighteenth century, politics and finances were intertwined; today, financial institutions are separate from the influence of political systems. d. Both the financial and political climates of the late eighteenth century and today can be characterized as generally peaceful and U.S. focused. e. The political and financial climates of both times can be characterized as strife-filled, interdependent on each other, and globally influenced.

Q: Which best describes how the colony of New York was settled? a. New York was originally settled by the Duke of York and subsequently became Dutch. b. New York was originally settled by the Dutch and then taken by force by the English. c. New York was settled exclusively by the Dutch without African Americans or any other group. d. New York was settled originally by African Americans who were later pushed out by the English. e. New York was settled originally by the French who were later pushed out by the Dutch.

Q: Joseph McCarthy led the crusade against alleged __________ in American government during the 1950s. a. embezzlers b. interventionists c. communists d. racists e. isolationists

Q: Compared to Roosevelt, William Howard Taft __________. a. was an activist b. had less faith in the government's ability to impose reform c. did not act as aggressively against the trusts d. had fewer real problems to confront e. was a more dynamic politician

Q: After 1870, the measure of a nation's industrial progress was determined by __________. a. the production of steel b. the production of iron c. the number of railroad lines d. agricultural output e. per capita exports

Q: What did the idea of Manifest Destiny encourage? a. converting recent immigrants to Protestantism b. the establishment of the factory system c. the inclusion of women in the workforce d. territorial expansion e. the abolition of slavery

Q: How did Washington's and Adams's cabinets compare to today's cabinet? a. They were much smaller, consisting of only three offices, whereas today's cabinet comprises dozens of secretaries and thousands of employees. b. They were much larger, since laying the groundwork for a new nation required more human resources than does running a superpower today. c. Their cabinets had less power; they acted only as advisors to the president and could not create any actual policies. d. Their cabinet members, being from the same political party, accomplished more by cooperating better than today's members. e. Their cabinets met less frequently, as they were busy traveling about the country or Europe, whereas today's members stay mainly in Washington, D.C.

Q: Anne Hutchinson's skillful self-defense at her trial before the magistrates of Massachusetts Bay was ruined by __________. a. her affinity for the dictum of works b. her claim of personal revelation c. her reliance on the Scriptures d. her rejection of free grace e. the fact that she was female

Q: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg __________. a. helped the CIA break a Soviet spy ring in the United States b. were executed for passing American atomic secrets to the Soviet Union c. were responsible for exposing Alger Hiss as a communist d. admitted to being responsible for heinous war crimes during the Korean War e. were American spies who shared valuable information about the Soviet Union

Q: Before becoming president, in what role did William Howard Taft display the greatest strength? a. administrator b. politician c. economic strategist d. political organizer e. orator

Q: The most important figure in American finance was __________. a. J. P. Morgan b. Andrew Carnegie c. Andrew Mellon d. Albert Fink e. E. F. Hutton

Q: After the Mexican"American War, the Young America movement focused mainly on __________. a. economic growth and industrialization b. adding Canada and Alaska to the United States c. the abolition of slavery d. making the United States a world power e. spreading the gospel to foreign lands

Q: How was the election of 1800 a peaceful revolution?a. The public marched in the streets, chanting and holding signs in support of their candidates.b. There was only one candidate for president, so he won without political battle.c. The House and the Senate disagreed about who should be president, so they created the electoral collegea revolutionary but peaceful solution.d. Although politicians passionately disagreed about who should be president, they voted and revoted rather than use violence.e. Washington had been a Federalist and, with only a few short battles, Jefferson, a Republican, became president.

Q: How did Roger Williams's religious ideas clash with those of the Puritans? a. Williams believed that settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who had unconventional religious views should be punished by the colonial leaders. b. Williams felt that it was not enough to purify the Church of England from within, but that separation from it was required. c. Williams believed that rather than separating from the Church of England, the Puritans should try to improve it. d. Williams did not support religious toleration and insisted that the members of the Church of England try to preserve their own freedom of worship. e. Williams believed that colonial leaders could not also be religious leaders.

Q: The most famous disclosure of espionage activities in the U.S. government in the late 1940s involved the case of __________. a. Alger Hiss b. Richard Nixon c. George C. Marshall d. Thomas E. Dewey e. Henry A. Wallace

Q: Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle led to passage of the __________. a. Hepburn Act b. Mann-Elkins Act c. Meat Inspection Act d. Elkins Act e. Clayton Antitrust Act

Q: By 1894, American railroads __________. a. had difficulty finding the capital to expand b. suffered from competition and overexpansion c. had consolidated into four major lines d. had eliminated competition e. were at the peak of their bargaining power

Q: Which novel was influenced by the ideals of Young America? a. The Scarlet Letter b. Moby Dick c. Uncle Tom's Cabin d. Pride and Prejudice e. Jane Eyre

Q: Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts? a. The acts excluded poor farmers from their voting and civil rights. b. The acts suppressed the states' power to govern themselves. c. Jefferson and Madison opposed all of Hamilton's acts on principle. d. The acts did not support a strong central government. e. The acts rewrote the Constitution without due process.

Q: Which is the only category in which seventeenth-century colonists in Massachusetts were more successful than Virginia's colonists? a. relating to the Indians b. establishing the Anglican Church c. finding a profitable staple crop d. adopting a concept of community welfare e. collecting taxes to pay for community services

Q: The Taft-Hartley Act was a 1947 bill that outlawed __________. a. some labor union activities b. the formation of labor unions c. racial discrimination in hiring practices d. gender discrimination in hiring practices e. many child labor practices

Q: What role did President Theodore Roosevelt play in the great coal strike of 1902? a. He played no role at all in settling the dispute. b. He sympathized completely with the company owners. c. He decided to support the Pure Food and Drug Act. d. He essentially decided to support the coal miners. e. He shut down the mines for two months.

Q: The two transcontinental railroad lines met at __________. a. Sacramento, California b. Reno, Nevada c. Promontory, Utah d. Santa Fe, New Mexico e. Salt Lake City, Utah

Q: What was a significant characteristic of the Young America movement? a. a restrictive foreign policy b. territorial development over expansion c. narrowing and consolidation of the economy d. technological progress e. appraisal of American values

Q: The Sedition Act distressed many Americans because it __________. a. threatened their political right to disagree with and speak out against the government b. gave the Federalists too much power and reduced the Republicans' power c. suspended free elections, depriving all white males of their voting rights d. expanded the powers of Congress, which meant bigger government e. allowed libel convictions without a jury trial, affecting people's judicial rights

Q: How did someone become a member of a church in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? a. The person became part of whatever church was in his or her community. b. A person who already belonged to the church had to provide testimony for anyone new who wanted to join. c. A new member had to wait a full year after applying to the church in order to prove that he or she was a worthy citizen. d. A person had to perform community service before being allowed to join a community church. e. The church community would vote in order to decide whether to let a new member in.

Q: In 1948, President Truman tried to __________. a. win the presidential election with the worst smear campaign in U.S. history b. merge the Democratic and Republican parties in his support c. convert the entire Democratic party into Dixiecrats d. abolish New Deal programs that upset conservatives e. perpetuate New Deal legislation

Q: The Supreme Court's decision in the Northern Securities case __________. a. paved the way for several other antitrust actions b. had little effect on the problem of trusts overall c. was opposed by Roosevelt himself d. affected only the smaller American trusts e. was a unanimous decision

Q: A major change in the railroad industry after the Civil War was the development of __________. a. major railroad trunk lines b. competition between owners for local markets c. regional marketplaces d. international rail systems e. a greater number of small rail companies

Q: In what way do historians consider the abolitionist movement of the 1830s and 1840s a success? a. It brought the issue of slavery into the public consciousness. b. It convinced most people that slavery should be abolished immediately. c. It peacefully converted many slaveholders to abolition. d. It led to a marked decrease in racism among northern urban whites. e. It orchestrated the emancipation of thousands of slaves.

Q: Why did Congress pass the Naturalization Law? a. to help immigrants assimilate into society b. to allow the government to deport undesirable aliens c. to allow the Federalists to maintain political control d. to create a heterogeneous society for America e. to keep out eastern European immigrants

Q: Which describes the Puritans' attitude toward the Church of England in the early seventeenth century? a. They wanted to separate from the Church and form their own congregation. b. They believed that the Church did not align itself closely enough with the Pope. c. They supported the English kings, not the bishops, as their spiritual leaders. d. They felt that the Church had lost too many Catholic rituals to be meaningful. e. They wanted to improve the Church of England from within.

Q: General MacArthur gave President Truman erroneous advice during the Korean War when he advised Truman to __________. a. authorize an invasion of North Korea because he thought that China would not attack U.S. troops b. retreat from the 38th parallel into the safety of South Korea because he thought China would attack c. withdraw troops from Korea altogether because he thought that China and the Soviet Union would obliterate the U.S. forces d. use diplomacy to negotiate peace because he thought military efforts would be ineffective e. drop an atom bomb on Seoul because he thought the Chinese would then be afraid to occupy the city

Q: Theodore Roosevelt angered southerners by __________. a. dining with Booker T. Washington at the White House b. stationing federal troops in southern states to supervise elections c. threatening to ban college football unless it were made less dangerous d. ordering the federal bureaucracy to be fully integrated e. making sure that black athletes were included in the 1908 U.S. Olympic team

Q: Rapid rail construction after the Civil War was possible because __________. a. there was little competition between the builders b. the rail companies managed their money and land wisely c. the federal government provided important incentives d. the western half of the nation was uninhabited e. the South was eager to participate

Q: Why has the nineteenth century been identified as "the century of the child"? a. Parents began having more children, and larger families required more attention. b. Parents had a new concern for children, and families became child-centered. c. Medical advances made it possible for more children to survive to adulthood. d. Children became a more important part of the labor force. e. For the first time ever, children began to spend money in the economy.

Q: How did the XYZ Affair affect U.S. politics? a. Adams declared war on France. b. France suffered diplomatic humiliation at the hands of the United States. c. Hamilton resisted the idea of a strong army. d. Adams and Jefferson reached a political impasse. e. High Federalists used the tensions it created as an excuse for military expansion.

Q: The Pilgrims, who left Holland to settle in America, __________. a. were non-Separatists from the Church of England b. feared their way of life was being undermined by the ways of their Dutch hosts c. had few alternatives because they were harassed by the Dutch d. arrived in Virginia, even though their destination was Massachusetts Bay e. were Catholic radicals eager to overthrow England's monarchy

Q: Where did the showdown in Asia occur between the United States and the Soviet Union? a. China b. Japan c. Thailand d. Korea e. Cambodia

Q: Who was the most famous reform governor of the Progressive Era? a. Robert M. La Follette b. "Golden Rule" Jones c. Hiram Johnson d. Lincoln Steffens e. Richard Ely

Q: The development of a national railway system __________. a. provided needed jobs for an overabundant labor supply b. had little effect on economic changes in the late nineteenth century c. led to an integrated national economic system d. had little help from the political system e. was not completed until the early twentieth century

Q: Which statement best characterizes how evangelical culture changed the role of women in American society? a. Women began to expect their husbands to contribute more to household chores and the duties of raising children. b. Women became a less important figure to the home and family. c. Women became more confined to the home but became more important inside it. d. Women were expected to make a larger economic contribution to society than ever before. e. Women were given more rights and leadership positions within religious and political organizations.

Q: How are the Quasi-War and the XYZ Affair related?a. The XYZ Affair was the most significant "battle" in the Quasi-War between the United States and France.b. The XYZ Affair led to the Quasi-War between the United States and France.c. They XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War are both examples of European countries mistreating the United States.d. The XYZ Affair ended the Quasi-War between the United States and France.e. The XYZ Affair was a disagreement between England and the United States, whereas the Quasi-War was a disagreement between France and the United States.

Q: Which identifies why the Mayflower Compact is considered an important historical document? a. It was the first example of colonists describing the hardships endured on a voyage to the New World. b. It was a legal document that authenticated the Pilgrims' right to settle in New England. c. It included a list of the passengers on the Mayflower who became the first New England colonists. d. It was the first example of colonists forming a basic government in North America. e. It was the first example of colonists negotiating a treaty with Native Americans in North America.

Q: The defense policy statement known as NSC-68 __________. a. proposed to cut funding from the American military b. advocated a massive expansion of the American military c. allocated funds to Western Europe to combat the threat of communism d. prohibited the development of the hydrogen bomb e. emphasized the need to rely on diplomacy to deal with the Soviets

Q: To progressives, the commissions they championed offered a way to __________. a. increase their political power b. reduce the power of reformers c. end the corrupt alliance between business and politics d. provide employment for their supporters e. get regular citizens into political offices

Q: The most significant technical innovation of the nineteenth century was __________. a. Kodak cameras b. oil c. automobiles d. railroads e. steamships

Q: Which of the following individuals is matched with his or her reform movement? a. Lyman Beecher : temperance b. Horace Mann : abolition c. William Lloyd Garrison : public schools d. Lucretia Mott : prostitution e. Catharine E. Beecher: women's rights

Q: How was John Adams's presidency made much more difficult? a. He lacked experience with government. b. Alexander Hamilton interfered and opposed him constantly. c. Jefferson refused to cooperate with a Federalist president. d. America continued to have problems with the British on the seas. e. Adams could not communicate well with Jefferson.

Q: Lord Baltimore's settlement in Maryland __________. a. became a successful feudal outpost in America b. declared war on Virginia in 1639 c. never succeeded in becoming a feudal society d. became a haven for persecuted Protestants e. was a total failure

Q: After the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, Truman appointed a committee to explore the possibility of __________. a. using biological weapons b. building a hydrogen bomb c. improving stealth planes d. experimenting on people to create "supersoldiers" e. sabotaging Soviet efforts to improve their weapons arsenal

Q: What did progressive reformers of the cities believe were especially crucial to the success of their causes? a. trained experts b. bankers c. politicians d. basic scientists e. mayors

Q: American industrial growth was concentrated in the __________. a. Southwest b. Northeast c. Pacific d. Southeast e. Midwest

Q: What was a major goal of the early women's rights activists? a. to free unmarried women from laws that did not allow them to work outside the home b. to free married women from laws that gave their husbands control of their property and children c. to enact laws that would require men to participate equally in household duties such as child-rearing d. to convince more women to run for public office e. to give African American women the same legal rights as other women

Q: Why had Washington's political alliance shifted by the end of his presidency? a. Disillusioned by political factions, he created his own political party. b. He regretted supporting England in the war, and began to support France. c. He regretted supporting France in the war, and began to support England. d. He shifted from neutrality to a closer alliance with the Federalists. e. He shifted from neutrality to a closer alliance with the Republicans.

Q: The original boundaries of Maryland presented a problem to colonists because they __________. a. were vaguely defined b. accidentally crossed into Virginia c. did not extend to the coast d. cut through territory of the Algonquin e. extended much farther than Charles I had planned

Q: As a result of Cold War military reforms, the __________ became the dominant branch of the American armed forces. a. Navy b. Army c. National Guard d. Marines e. Air Force

Q: The most prominent American socialist during the Progressive Era was __________. a. "Big Bill" Haywood b. Gifford Pinchot c. Eugene V. Debs d. Upton Sinclair e. Daniel DeLeon

Q: The most important advances in industrialization __________. a. occurred during the last third of the nineteenth century b. were developed during the Civil War c. had developed in western Europe by 1800 d. had little effect on the American economy e. began in the first years of the twentieth century

Q: Abolitionism served as a catalyst for the __________ movement. a. temperance b. women's rights c. utopian socialist d. transcendentalist e. prison reform

Q: Why did Washington view the Whiskey Rebellion as a serious threat? a. The rebellious farmers elicited the help of Native Americans, creating a quasi-civil war. b. Because the governor refused to suppress the rebellion, Washington saw it as a state's refusal to pay taxes and as a violent protest against the government. c. Because Britain supplied the rebellious farmers with money and arms, Washington assumed that they were siding with the enemy. d. Because France was having its own revolutionary war, Washington worried the violence would lead to civil war. e. The rebellious farmers began to ship and sell their whiskey to France and England, breaking U.S. trade agreements.

Q: In 1622, the Native American tribes of Virginia __________. a. attacked the English settlements b. formed an alliance with the Native American tribes of New England c. established permanently good relations with the English settlers d. learned from the English settlers how to grow tobacco e. migrated westward to avoid future contact with settlers

Q: The National Security Act of 1947 established the __________. a. American embassy in Moscow b. Navy SEALs c. Air Force d. Department of Homeland Security e. Central Intelligence Agency

Q: Who was the most influential educator of the Progressive Era? a. Thomas Johnson b. Eugene V. Debs c. Robert M. La Follette d. John Dewey e. William James

Q: How do the views of "new Western historians" contrast with Frederick Jackson Turner's thesis about the westward migration? a. Turner viewed the migration as a fluid back and forth between the East and West, but new historians point out that very few families who migrated west returned east. b. Turner viewed the migration as a mix of cultures struggling to get along with Native Americans, but new historians point out that many Native Americans were helpful to the new settlers. c. Turner saw the migration as a wave of white migrants who traveled west, but new historians look at it as a set of various groups moving in many directions and interacting with each other. d. Turner saw the migration as a long process, but new historians have pointed out that the entire wave of migration was very concentrated and took place over a relatively short period of time. e. Turner viewed the migration as a very negative experience for the travelers, but new historians point out that the experience was both positive and negative.

Q: Why were relations between black and white abolitionists often tense? a. Black abolitionists thought that white abolitionists were too radical. b. White abolitionists thought that black abolitionists were too radical. c. White abolitionists protested that they did not have a fair share of influence and leadership positions in the movement. d. Black abolitionists protested that they did not have a fair share of influence and leadership positions in the movement. e. White abolitionists did not want to end slavery immediately, whereas black abolitionists did.

Q: Why did Spain agree to the terms of the Pinckney Treaty? a. It mistook Jay's Treaty for an Anglo-American alliance. b. It needed the additional sources of revenue. c. It needed protection on its southwest borders. d. The United States threatened direct military action. e. It thought America and France had agreed to take Spain's North American land.

Q: Those who migrated to the Chesapeake Bay area as indentured servants were __________. a. usually from the dregs of English society b. English farmers who saw a better future in the New World c. normally single, lower-class males in their teens or early twenties d. married individuals who came with their families e. generally convicted criminals who traded jail time in England for indentures

Q: What was the Berlin airlift?a. a state-of-the-art transportation system designed to revive the postwar German economyb. a top-secret method of transporting American spies into and out of the Soviet Union and its satellitesc. a military operation to bring supplies to troops and civilians in Soviet-controlled Berlind. the first plane capable of dropping a hydrogen bomb anywhere in the worlde. a mission to bomb Berlin after the Soviet Union cut the city off from American, British, and French forces

Q: The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution provided for __________. a. women's suffrage b. prohibition c. a federal income tax d. direct election of senators e. extending the franchise to 18-year-olds

Q: What does the following quotation mean with regard to western migration: "The quest for something new would take place in the context of the very familiar"? a. Families would only migrate to the West after they had sent an individual ahead who would report back to them. b. People only migrated in family groups if they already had family established out West. c. Families tended to travel back and forth between their old homes and their new homes until they felt entirely comfortable out West. d. Most families who traveled to the West had experience with migration before, and thus the trip was nothing new to them. e. People made every effort to keep their migration experience as familiar as possible, including traveling in family groups.

Q: Which of the following statements identifies the typical attitude toward the abolitionist movement of working-class urban whites?a. They supported abolitionism because they thought the institution of slavery was morally wrong.b. They supported abolitionism because they thought it would lead to more economic opportunities.c. They resisted abolitionism because they sincerely believed that African Americans were happier in slavery than they would be as free people.d. They resisted abolitionism because they worried about the collapse of the cotton industry.e. They resisted abolitionism because they did not want to compete socially and economically with African Americans.

Q: How did Hamilton affect Jay's Treaty? a. He counseled Jay on whom to see and what to say when he went to England. b. He wrote the terms of the treaty, consolidating his and Madison's ideas. c. He informed the French of the treaty, allowing them to attack England. d. He secretly informed England that the United States would compromise on all issues. e. He filibustered in Congress, stalling the ratification until the treaty expired.

Q: Indentured servants __________. a. were working off the cost of their passage to America b. served the same number of years regardless of age or experience c. had no more legal rights than slaves d. received grants of land when their terms were up e. usually lived long enough to complete their terms of service

Q: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) __________. a. gave the Soviet Union more leeway in spreading communism in Europe b. confirmed that the Soviet Union would halt its expansion in Europe and Asia c. assured European countries that the United States would help defend them d. committed the United States to an isolationist policy in the future e. gave the United States the right to import goods tariff-free from Western Europe

Q: Two major suffrage organizations merged in 1890 to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association under which person? a. Alice Paul b. Anna Howard Shaw c. Carrie Chapman Catt d. Lucy Burns e. Susan B. Anthony