Q&A Hero

Q: Chief Justice John Marshall believed in judicial review, which is __________. a. a professional journal read by lawyers and judges b. the power of the Court to determine the constitutionality of statutes c. a system whereby all legislation passed by Congress must be approved by the Supreme Court before it can take effect d. a job-performance appraisal system for federal judges e. a process for evaluating the qualifications of candidates for federal judgeships

Q: The most important reason for the difference between the New England and Chesapeake colonies was based on __________. a. the colonists' country of origin b. the much higher mortality rate of the Chesapeake colonies c. the practice of slavery in the southern colonies d. contrasting economic systems e. varying degrees of ethnic diversity in the populations

Q: The passage of the National Security Act in 1947 __________. a. indicated America's desire to decrease its military strength b. acted to coordinate and unify America's military establishment c. served only to further divide the Defense Department d. weakened the intelligence-gathering capabilities of the United States e. added unnecessary bureaucracy to matters of defense

Q: Why did women's movements also lead the temperance crusade? a. In general, women did not drink alcohol in the early 1900s. b. In general, men participated in politics while women participated in social reform. c. Women saw temperance as the first step to suffrage and, therefore, supported it. d. Women were more involved with social justice activities and saw the direct effects of alcohol abuse on families. e. Men saw temperance as the first step to women's suffrage and, therefore, opposed it.

Q: The principle of the "iron law of wages" stated that __________.a. the welfare of the workers dictated wagesb. supply and demand regulated wagesc. all workers should be treated the samed. the quality of work should be determined by managerse. wages should remain unchanged as long as possible

Q: The greatest triumph of American technology in the mid-nineteenth century was in the area of __________. a. improvements in the transportation infrastructure b. new uses for vulcanized rubber c. improved farm implements d. sophisticated machine tools e. more efficient farming strategies

Q: In the election of 1804, Thomas Jefferson defeated __________. a. John Quincy Adams b. Aaron Burr c. Charles Pinckney d. John Randolph e. Alexander Hamilton

Q: Sumptuary laws __________. a. made excessive gluttony a crime b. prohibited the poor or underclass from wearing fine clothes c. criminalized frivolity on the Sabbath d. provided that only "visible saints" could be buried in a church cemetery e. made church attendance compulsory

Q: In order to test the resolve of his American, British, and French opponents, in 1948 Stalin __________. a. tested his first atom bomb b. invaded China c. invaded France d. initiated a blockade of Berlin e. began shooting down American planes over Germany

Q: Social reform during the early 1900s differed from reforms of previous eras because in previous eras, social reform had been __________, whereas in the early 1900s it was __________. a. supported exclusively by the government, controlled by private charities b. supported exclusively by private charities, controlled by the government c. mixed with morality, free from moral overtones d. more complex and interrelated, more individualized and simplistic e. more simplistic and directed at one particular problem, directed at complex and interrelated problems

Q: As for women workers, the American Federation of Labor __________. a. enthusiastically supported their needs b. either ignored or opposed them as members c. brought important changes in the workplace d. allowed them into leadership positions e. encouraged all producing women to join

Q: Elias Howe's invention of __________ in 1846 revolutionized the garment industry. a. the sewing machine b. overalls c. blue denim d. the zipper e. the iron to press clothing

Q: The Lewis and Clark expedition __________. a. at last discovered the long-sought Northwest Passage b. traveled up the Missouri River to the Pacific Northwest c. explored the desert Southwest, including Pike's Peak and the Grand Canyon d. had to fight its way through the domains of several hostile Indian tribes e. was assisted by a young Shoshone woman named Pocahontas

Q: The society created by Puritans in New England __________. a. copied the social order they had left behind in England b. was modeled on contemporary Dutch society c. represented a near-total rejection of traditional English ways d. was quite similar to that of the Chesapeake region e. adapted to include slavery

Q: What effect did the formation of NATO have on the Cold War? a. It changed the Cold War into a full-scale military confrontation. b. It intensified Russian fears of the West and escalated the Cold War. c. It had no effect on the Cold War. d. It decreased Russian fears of the West and lessened the intensity of the Cold War. e. It dissolved the tensions between Russia and the United States and ended the Cold War.

Q: How did the growing trend of professional associations help the general population in the early years of the twentieth century? a. Higher standards enforced by associations protected the general population from fraud and malpractice. b. It became easier to become a professional; all one had to do was buy into an association, so more of the general population could become professionals. c. Associations ensured that people from any class could become professionals if they had the proper education and training. d. Associations made the cost of professional services cheaper and easier to access for the general population. e. Associations made professionals more plentiful and, therefore, easier for the general population to find.

Q: Unlike the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor __________. a. believed workers would rise in stature b. organized skilled and unskilled workers c. emphasized economic goals for workers d. organized a majority of the workers e. hoped all workers could eventually become self-employed

Q: What was an essential feature of the factory system? a. all standardized parts manufactured in a single location b. the workforce being separated into different locations based on job type c. payment of cash wages d. each product being produced by one worker e. complex tasks that required training

Q: What difficulty did Jefferson face in purchasing the Louisiana Territory? a. possible confrontation with Great Britain b. lack of support from the American people c. the constitutionality of his actions d. whether to accept foreign citizens on the land e. finding $15 million in the federal budget

Q: In New England, women __________. a. enjoyed rights and powers equal to those of men b. outnumbered men in church by two to one c. had no economic power whatsoever d. could easily divorce their husbands e. began to lobby for voting rights in this colonial period

Q: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed due to __________. a. European fears of Soviet military aggression b. European fears of American military aggression c. American fears of Chinese military aggression d. Soviet fears of Chinese military aggression e. Soviet fears of American military aggression

Q: What did some in the business community find attractive about progressivism?a. Nothing; the business community opposed all forms of progressivism.b. Business owners, like progressives, wanted to clean up city governments and political contests.c. Progressivism believed in progress and efficiency, two industrial business values.d. Progressives wanted to control corporate abuses, reform child labor laws, and ensure factory safetyall of which were industrial business values as well.e. Progressives fought for women's and African American's rights, two things from which industrial businessmen would gain.

Q: Why did the Knights of Labor fail? a. It could not provide effective national leadership. b. It was unable to organize the workers. c. It had no successful strikes. d. It was unable to develop a set of objectives. e. Terence Powderly was imprisoned.

Q: State and local governments aided the railroad by giving it __________. a. money and land b. the right to seize private property c. free labor to lay tracks d. legal immunity e. tax breaks and investment advice

Q: As the chief negotiator with France, __________ engineered the Louisiana Purchase. a. James Madison b. John Quincy Adams c. John Marshall d. James Monroe e. Thomas Jefferson

Q: New England families differed from those of other English colonies in that they often included __________. a. Native American wives b. grandparents c. polygamy d. widows e. extended families living in one household

Q: What effect did the Marshall Plan have? a. It had very little effect because it was not carried out effectively. b. It inspired the Soviet Union to continue to expand its communist empire. c. It succeeded in forcing the Soviet Union to stop expanding its communist empire. d. It failed to revive the sagging postwar economies of Western Europe. e. It led to a successful financial recovery in Western Europe.

Q: Why were businessmen, such as J. P. Morgan, glad to see Roosevelt leave the United States after his White House years? a. Like him, they believed in America's involvement in World War I. b. They were tired of his meddling in big business. c. They hoped he would open new markets for their products in Africa and Europe. d. They wanted to build support for a different presidential candidate. e. Like him, they believed in securing more land in the Pacific.

Q: Which of the following groups received the greatest rewards from industrialization? a. white, native-born females b. foreign-born males c. African American males d. white, native-born males e. skilled workers in all categories

Q: Which mode of transportation transformed the American economy during the 1840s and 1850s? a. the clipper ship b. the canal system c. the steamboat d. the covered wagon e. the railroad

Q: President Thomas Jefferson __________. a. frequently vetoed acts of the Federalist-led Congress b. removed most Federalists from federal jobs c. hated the national debt d. wanted to increase government spending e. loved the military and saw it as America's greatest asset

Q: The explanation for the tremendous population growth of seventeenth-century New England can be found in the __________. a. extraordinary fertility of New England women b. emphasis Puritans placed on having large families c. fact that local Native American tribes were remarkably friendly d. long lives of New England settlers e. agricultural richness of the New World

Q: Why were people in Italy and France voting for communist parties in 1947? a. They were drawn to the irresistibly charismatic communist leaders. b. They felt discontent due to economic problems and food shortages. c. They were responding to pressure and threats from the Soviet Union. d. They wanted to defy the American anticommunist attitude. e. There were few other organized political parties in postwar Europe.

Q: Woodrow Wilson's record on race relations __________. a. elicited the support of African Americans b. disappointed African Americans and many progressives c. won him support in the North d. showed his consistent opposition to racial discrimination e. was incredibly liberal

Q: In comparison to male workers, female workers __________. a. received equal pay for equal work b. were relegated to traditionally "feminine" jobs c. reaped the rewards of the industrial system d. were respected as important income earners e. generally had female managers

Q: The Wilmot Proviso was a proposal to __________. a. annex all of Mexico as U.S. territory b. prohibit slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico c. grant voting rights to women in the western territories d. encourage increased immigration from Mexico to the Unites States e. give more southwestern territory to the Mexican government

Q: The contribution of __________ led to the birth of the factory system in the United States. a. Eli Whitney b. Samuel Slater c. Benjamin Reed d. Benjamin Banneker e. James Stubblefield

Q: Puritans viewed which of the following as essential to their New England commonwealth? a. strict adherence to personal hygiene measures b. a flexible form of colonial administration c. a healthy family life d. the rapid creation of an urban society in New England e. honest public officials

Q: What was the biggest factor in placing the United States on a collision course with the Soviet Union? a. the American commitment to stopping the spread of communism b. the American commitment to spreading Christianity around the globe c. the American commitment to improving international trade d. the Soviet commitment to improving international trade e. the Soviet commitment to spreading Catholicism around the globe

Q: In the final analysis, Wilson's domestic programs indicated __________. a. his exclusive belief in New Freedom ideas b. his outright opposition to Roosevelt's New Nationalism c. a blending of the two competing doctrines of progressivism d. his failure as a reformer e. his determination to win reelection by pleasing as many voters as possible

Q: Most working women __________. a. were young and single b. were married with children c. were African American d. had many professional opportunities e. were widows or single mothers

Q: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo __________. a. confirmed the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas b. required Mexico to pay the United States $15 million in cash for war damages c. guaranteed that slavery would not be allowed west of the Rio Grande d gave independence to California e. agreed that Mexican residents of the ceded areas would return to Mexico

Q: American prosperity in the early 1800s was based on __________. a. an industrial economy b. manufacturing c. monetary supplies d. agriculture and commerce e. the slave system

Q: Which statement provides the best interpretation of the sentence from the text that reads, "The diversity of early English colonization must be emphasized precisely because it is so easy to overlook"? a. Most historians have not realized how similar the English colonies were when they were initially settled. b. The reasons that people settled the English colonies were so complex that they have only begun to be understood recently. c. Settlers of the English colonies tended to overlook the hardships that they would face because they were so eager for religious freedom. d. The experiences of the early English colonists cannot be separated from their experiences back in England. e. The different reasons settlers came to each English colony cannot be considered separately from their experiences once they arrived.

Q: The Soviet Union approached disarmament discussions after World War II with a plan to __________. a. gradually reduce the number of weapons of mass destruction b. give atomic bombs to all the countries in the United Nations c. destroy all existing atomic bombs and ban the production of new ones d. give the United States a military advantage so it could serve as an international peacekeeping force e. give Russia the world's only atomic bombs so it could serve as an international peacekeeping force

Q: What was the most important domestic law of Wilson's administration? a. Underwood Tariff b. Dingley Tariff c. Federal Reserve Act d. Pure Food and Drug Act e. Clayton Antitrust Act

Q: The development of brand names, chain stores, and mail-order houses __________. a. drove the prices of goods upward b. confused consumers c. had little effect on the buying public d. created a gulf between consumer and producer e. provided convenience and standardization

Q: What was an important premise of Manifest Destiny? a. God supports American expansion throughout all of North America. b. Lands to the west belong to the Native Americans. c. American expansion should only incorporate areas where American inhabitants are the majority. d. Canada and Mexico are not to be targets of American expansion. e. Diplomatic means should be used to acquire new territory.

Q: Thomas Jefferson's attitude toward Native Americans showed that he __________. a. did not believe they should live in the same areas as Americans. b. believed their way of life to be worth protecting and preserving c. wanted to eliminate them d. respected them as people, and was impressed by their culture e. wanted to try to assimilate them into the nascent culture of the United States

Q: How did the religious beliefs of the Quakers compare to those of the Puritans? a. Both rejected the Church of England and wanted to separate and form their own new religions. b. The Quakers rejected the Church of England in favor of their own form of worship; the Puritans merely wanted to reform the Church of England. c. Both considered all people equal in the sight of the Lord and saw no need for a learned ministry. d. The Quakers did not seek converts, but simply wanted to practice their own beliefs peacefully; the Puritans sought to convert people throughout England. e. Unlike the Quakers, the Puritans felt that there was no need for spiritual leaders, since one person's interpretation of the Bible was as valid as anyone else's.

Q: What effect would the Baruch Plan have had on America? a. It would have given the United States a monopoly on atomic weapons. b. It would have neutralized America's military advantage. c. It would have returned the United States to isolationist foreign policies. d. It would have had a catastrophic effect on the American military. e. It would have greatly decreased American power overseas.

Q: Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom called for __________. a. the expansion of government b. less government regulation c. business competition and small government d. government restraint of competition e. civil rights for African Americans

Q: __________ started the mail-order trend in 1872 with just a one-sheet price list. a. R. H. Macy b. Aaron Montgomery Ward c. Marshall Field d. Richard W. Sears e. Alvah C. Roebuck

Q: Which 1844 presidential candidate ran on a platform calling for the simultaneous annexation of Texas and Oregon? a. Henry Clay b. James K. Polk c. Martin Van Buren d. John Tyler e. James G. Birney

Q: Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa __________. a. worked to persuade the Indians of the Indiana Territory to hold onto their tribal cultures and their land b. represented themselves as tribal leaders and sold off huge tracts of land for whiskey and trinkets c. led an Indian rebellion that was crushed by Andrew Jackson at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend d. accepted President Jefferson's promise of a vast Indian reservation west of the Mississippi River e. developed a written language for the Shawnees and worked for gradual assimilation into white culture

Q: The lives of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson provide strong evidence that __________. a. Puritans seldom disagreed on matters of theology b. Massachusetts Bay officials insisted on freedom of religious thought and expression c. Massachusetts Bay faced difficulties in creating the perfect society in America d. Massachusetts Bay Colony sent preachers to frontiers as missionaries to the Indians e. most Puritans had wanted to break away from the Church of England

Q: The Soviet Union first learned of the American atomic bomb __________. a. from President Roosevelt during the Yalta Conference b. at the Potsdam Conference c. when Truman invited Stalin to see a film of a test d. through the use of espionage e. when the first one was dropped on Hiroshima

Q: Why did Woodrow Wilson win the election of 1912? a. He was more popular than Roosevelt. b. There was a split in the Republican party. c. He won the support of William Howard Taft. d. He won the support of the Socialists. e. He won the support of progressives.

Q: The greatest inventor in America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was __________. a. Cyrus Field b. Thomas Edison c. Henry Bessemer d. J. P. Morgan e. George Westinghouse

Q: Opposition to President Tyler's plan for the annexation of Texas primarily came from __________. a. northern antislavery Whigs b. southern agricultural interests c. New England merchants d. Great Britain e. railroad companies

Q: Upon arriving in the West, many settlers __________. a. created friendly relationships with local Indian groups b. imported new technology to aid in western industrial growth c. returned home, disappointed in the lack of economic opportunities d. traded agricultural products with the East using overland trails e. were able to generate distinctive folkways

Q: Why did the new colonists of Georgia demand slaves? a. Farmers were given so many acres of land that they felt they could not farm efficiently without slaves. b. The main crop of Georgia, tobacco, could be cultivated only with slave labor. c. The colonists felt that since they had no voice in government, they needed a class of people even lower on the social rung than they were. d. The English settlers in Georgia were used to having slaves and demanded that they could not get along without them. e. The colonists believed that they could compete economically with South Carolina only if they were allowed to have slaves.

Q: How did the Allies decide to split up the reparations in postwar Germany? a. The Soviet Union would take all the war reparations from Germany. b. The United States would take all the war reparations from Germany. c. Each country would take reparations from its own occupation zone. d. Each country would take reparations from every section of Germany. e. No country would take war reparations from Germany.

Q: In 1912, Roosevelt's New Nationalism __________. a. demanded a stronger role for the president and government b. called for tighter immigration laws c. represented a repudiation of progressivism d. was readily accepted by all progressives e. was resolutely antitrust

Q: What were two of the most important developments of the late nineteenth century? a. typewriter and calculating machine b. telephone and electricity c. factories and sewing machines d. telegraph and processed meat e. automobiles and the assembly line

Q: Sam Houston, the first president of Texas, __________. a. fought to prevent the annexation of Texas b. was against annexation in any form c. was against annexation unless it included the Oklahoma territory d. was for annexation but only if it included the New Mexico territory e. was for annexation immediately after Texas declared independence

Q: The large increase in the national population reflected in the 1810 census resulted mainly from __________. a. the assimilation of whole tribes of Native Americans into the general population b. natural biological increase c. a huge increase in the importation of slaves from Africa d. the immigration of many thousands of Europeans fleeing the Napoleonic wars e. fabrication of census records by corrupt state officials who hoped to increase their congressional representation

Q: Which made the economy of Carolina different from the other southern colonies? a. Carolina's economy was based on slavery and cotton. b. Carolina's economy was as diverse as that of the Middle Colonies. c. Carolina's economy became dependent on rice as a staple. d. Carolina's economy was based on selling slaves and rum. e. Carolina's economy was based on sugar, which was easy to grow in the colony.

Q: What were the big issues of the 1952 presidential campaign? a. the economy, labor reform, and family values b. the economy and the Korean War c. labor reform and communism d. the Korean War, communism, and government corruption e. government corruption, the economy, and civil rights

Q: The Sixteenth Amendment __________. a. established civil rights guidelines b. authorized the direct election of senators c. gave women the vote d. authorized an income tax e. extended the franchise to 18-year-olds

Q: The most important development in the communications system in late-nineteenth-century America was the __________. a. telephone b. post office c. telegraph d. radio e. transatlantic cable

Q: Which battle occurred just days after Texas declared itself a republic? a. Battle of the Nueces b. Battle of Matamoros c. battle of the Alamo d. Battle of Veracruz e. siege of Mexico City

Q: By 1810, one-fifth of the American population was made up of __________. a. Indians b. immigrants c. blacks d. women e. Catholics

Q: Why was William Penn's Frame of Government remarkable for its time? a. It included more personal liberties than those found in other English colonies. b. It denied the right of due process for citizens. c. It established the Quaker religion in Pennsylvania. d. It granted freedom of conscience to all except Catholics. e. It prevented the religious rule of the Church of England.

Q: What was Eisenhower's major campaign pledge? a. to bolster the economy with thousands of new jobs b. to support labor unions in their fight for fair employment laws c. to destroy the Soviet Union d. to stop the creation of weapons of mass destruction e. to end the Korean War

Q: What did William Howard Taft do that alienated progressive Republicans? a. curbed the power of Speaker of the House Joseph Cannon b. vetoed a tariff increase c. dismissed Richard Ballinger d. campaigned against progressives in the 1910 congressional elections e. generally became a tool of the conservative Republicans

Q: The first modern trust was __________. a. U.S. Steel b. the Northern Securities Company c. Standard Oil d. Carnegie Steel e. the Pennsylvania Railroad

Q: After Mexico declared its independence from Spain, it lured American settlers to Texas with offers of __________. a. more freedoms for women b. religious freedom c. cheap, fertile land d. money e. abolition of slavery

Q: How did Adams influence the future land holdings of the United States?a. He proposed a law in Congress to tax English imports at a high rate, generating enough income to buy the Southwest from Spain.b. He banned political parties, cooling passionate debates so that the nation could focus on expansion.c. He avoided war with France, sent new negotiators, and created a sense of trust so that the United States could eventually purchase the Louisiana Territory.d. He gave the U.S. army permission to clear the Native Americans from the land, using violence if necessary.e. He appeased Britain with tax agreements and U.S. army assistance in the war against France, so Britain gave the United States the land that is now Montana.

Q: Seventeenth-century Quakers were known for their __________. a. aggressive and overbearing personalities b. belief in personal humility and pacifism c. concept of predestination d. unwillingness to seek the conversion of others e. belief in the necessity of an educated clergy