Q&A Hero

Q: What was Kennedy's top priority when he assumed the office of the presidency? a. civil rights b. foreign policy c. health care d. poverty e. the economy

Q: How can American foreign policy be characterized in the years between 1901 and 1920? a. aggressive and nationalistic b. strongly influenced by isolationist tradition c. relatively inactive d. not very reflective of the nation's new economic power e. geared toward cooperation and peace

Q: Why did many whites support Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise? a. It called for blacks to gain rights slowly through self-improvement, and not through activism. b. It rejected the idea that blacks needed equal rights in American society. c. It called for blacks to get a college education and to fight actively for their rights. d. It called for the integration of schools and an end to "separate but equal." e. It promoted the idea of professional careers for blacks.

Q: What best explains the rapid growth of the Republican Party in the 1850s? a. sympathy toward immigrants b. support of agricultural expansion c. position on slavery in the territories d. support of the Catholic Church e. support of progressive labor laws

Q: How did preemption affect migration? a. More people migrated when assured that preemption would allow them to secure title to land they had improved. b. It allowed Native Americans the right to refuse to leave land they had improved in Florida to settle in the West. c. It gave land speculators the first rights to purchase public domain land, encouraging speculators to migrate west. d. It allowed the government to seize land from farmers, discouraging people from moving west. e. It permitted squatters to occupy Native American camps while they were migrating for seasonal hunting or gathering trips.

Q: The man who led Great Britain to victory in the Seven Years' War was __________. a. Lord North b. John Trenchard c. Horatio Nelson d. King George II e. William Pitt

Q: John F. Kennedy's domestic program was known as the __________. a. Great Society b. New Deal c. Fair Deal d. New Frontier e. Camelot Era

Q: Which of these from Wilson's Fourteen Points was implemented? a. open diplomacy b. freedom of the seas c. removal of barriers to international trade d. military disarmament e. establishment of an independent Poland

Q: Which of the following places events in the correct chronological order? a. Morrill Land Grant Act, Plessy v. Ferguson, establishment of Tuskegee Institute b. Plessy v. Ferguson, Morrill Land Grant Act, establishment of Tuskegee Institute c. establishment of Tuskegee Institute, Morrill Land Grant Act, Plessy v. Ferguson d. Morrill Land Grant Act, establishment of Tuskegee Institute, Plessy v. Ferguson e. Plessy v. Ferguson, establishment of Tuskegee Institute, Morrill Land Grant Act

Q: What was an important result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? a. It had catastrophic effects on sectional harmony. b. It revived support for an expansionist foreign policy. c. It strengthened the political power of the Whig Party. d. It had little effect on sectional tensions. e. It never got the congressional support it needed for passage.

Q: What does it mean that some Americans believed the United States had "continental destiny"?a. It means that some Americans believed that the United States should control all of the North American continent.b. It means that some Americans believed that the United States should expand from the East coast to the West coast, controlling all the lands in between.c. It means that some Americans believed that the United States should support Latin American countries fighting for their independence.d. It means that some Americans believed that the United States should join with continental Europe to fight the British Empire.e. It means that some Americans believed that the United States should join with the continental European countries that opposed Latin American independence.

Q: The failure of the Albany Plan can be attributed, primarily, to the __________. a. opposition of British authorities b. fiscal jealousies of colonial assemblies c. beginning of the French and Indian War d. refusal of the Iroquois tribes to support it e. lack of interest from colonial representatives

Q: What was one major factor that helped Kennedy defeat Nixon in the 1960 presidential election? a. Kennedy's performance in the first televised presidential debate b. Nixon's poor performance in a presidential radio debate c. Kennedy's extensive political experience compared to Nixon's d. Kennedy's warm relationship with the Eisenhower administration e. the fact that the nation was familiar with Kennedy, but Nixon was a newcomer to politics

Q: "Labor peace" was the term used to describe __________. a. workers agreeing not to strike so that they might work productively for the war effort b. the socialist union workers who were laboring or working for peace and against the war effort c. workers striking for improved working conditions and pay in a more peaceful manner than in the past d. the more peaceful factory environment that women and blacks created as belligerent white men went off to war e. an alliance of government, business, and labor that benefited government and business interests, leaving labor longing for a return to peace and more normal working conditions

Q: Changes in higher education included __________. a. a loosening of admission standards for professional training b. the first separate graduate schools c. an increased emphasis on a classical curriculum d. a focus on training young men for the ministry e. more educational opportunities for women

Q: Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 so vehemently opposed by northerners? a. It permitted slavery in all the states west of the Kansas and Nebraska territories. b. It permitted slavery in all the states east of the Kansas and Nebraska territories. c. It permitted slavery in an area where it had previously been prohibited. d. It made it much more difficult for escaped slaves to find freedom in the North. e. It abolished slavery in all the states west of the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

Q: How did expansion affect men like John Jacob Astor?a. As free African Americans, men like Astor could settle in the West and make a life for themselves.b. As displaced Native Americans, men like Astor could relocate in the newly acquired land of the West or Florida, making a new life for themselves.c. Expansion gave entrepreneurs like Astor the opportunity to create prosperous immigrant neighborhoods like Astoria, New York.d. Expansion gave entrepreneurs like Astor the opportunity to create prosperous companies in the West.e. Expansion gave immigrants like Astor the opportunity to work hard in an industrial mill and one day save enough money to start their own business.

Q: Colonial involvement in imperial wars began with __________. a. the French and Indian War b. King William's War c. King Philip's War d. the Thirty Years' War e. Queen Anne's War

Q: How did political activism for African American rights change from the 1950s to the early 1960s? a. Direct, peaceful confrontation replaced reliance on court action. b. Reliance on court action replaced direct, peaceful confrontation. c. Reliance on court action replaced violent means of forcing social change. d. Violent means of forcing social change replaced direct, peaceful confrontation. e. Direct, peaceful confrontation replaced violent means of forcing social change.

Q: How were average Americans asked to participate in the war effort? a. The men were drafted as soldiers, and the women were drafted either as nurses or factory workers. b. They were asked to save scraps of metal, rubber, and cloth to be turned into machines and weapons for war. c. They were asked to conserve gasoline, meat, and wheat and encouraged to plant gardens to supplement their needs. d. They were asked to donate a tenth of their income to the war effort, earning the name the "war tithe." e. The men were drafted as soldiers, and women were encouraged to plant gardens in order to raise food for the soldiers.

Q: Educational changes in the years 1877 to 1900 included __________. a. an increase in illiteracy b. "classical" courses in Latin and literature for older children c. development of the kindergarten d. compulsory school attendance in all states e. integrated schools for African Americans in the North and South

Q: Why did the Whig Party's candidate fail overwhelmingly in the 1852 presidential campaign? a. The Compromise of 1850 strengthened the political differences between Whigs and Democrats. b. The Whigs did not succeed in rallying public interest in a major political issue. c. The Whigs alienated immigrants by actively seeeking the nativist vote. d. The Whig platform did not address the economic problems facing the nation. e. The Whig nominee lost southern support by allying himself with the antislavery wing of the party.

Q: How were expansion and migration related in the United States after 1812? a. As populations expanded, people migrated to rural areas outside of populated cities, creating the first suburbs. b. As populations expanded, people migrated to and built up Eastern cities. c. As the United States expanded its borders, people migrated to these new areas. d. Expansion and migration were both direct results of improved water transportation after 1812. e. Expansion and migration were both direct results of improved land transportation after 1812.

Q: The leading figure at the Albany Congress, and designer of the Albany Plan, was __________. a. Thomas Jefferson b. George Washington c. William Pitt d. John Adams e. Benjamin Franklin

Q: What effect did postwar life have on women in American society? a. Women tended to get married later, so they had more time to pursue careers outside the home. b. Couples tended to have fewer children, so the focus of many women shifted from childrearing to professional careers. c. Many suburban households included extended family members, so mothers had enough help to more easily pursue professional careers. d. Many women who had joined the workforce during the war returned to the home to assume the more traditional roles of wife and mother. e. Women were expected to maintain their wartime jobs while also meeting social expectations of the "perfect" wife and mother.

Q: Wilson directed U.S. involvement during the war by __________. a. using much of his considerable personal fortune for propaganda b. establishing agencies to focus factory, food, and mine production to the war effort c. instituting and then increasing personal and business income taxes d. increasing trade with Asia, Africa, and Europe e. establishing federal programs and congressional acts that rewarded participation in the war effort and penalized nonsupport

Q: What was a result of the Supreme Court's Plessy v. Ferguson decision? a. Public education became more expensive for southern states. b. Integration of schools was to occur with deliberate speed. c. Illiteracy among school-aged children would be eradicated. d. De facto segregation could no longer occur. e. Black teachers were paid the same as their white counterparts.

Q: How did Democrats differ from Whigs over annexation and slavery in new territories? a. Democrats endorsed expansion and a division of free and slave territories, while Whigs opposed annexation to avoid the slavery debate. b. Democrats opposed annexation to avoid the slavery debate, while Whigs endorsed expansion and a division of free and slave territories. c. Both Democrats and Whigs endorsed expansion, but Democrats wanted the new territories to allow slavery while the Whigs did not. d. Both Democrats and Whigs endorsed expansion, but Whigs wanted the new territories to allow slavery while the Democrats did not. e. Neither party endorsed expansion, but if it was inevitable, the Whigs encouraged the spread of slavery while the Democrats did not.

Q: The foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere was known as the __________. a. Monroe Doctrine b. Adams-Ons Agreement c. Continental Treaty 1818 d. Webster-Ashburton Treaty e. "American System"

Q: In 1743, during King George's War, colonial forces captured __________. a. Montreal b. Toronto c. Louisbourg d. New Orleans e. Quebec

Q: What effect did memories of the Great Depression have on Americans in the 1950s? a. Many Americans became almost desperately obsessed with gathering material goods. b. Many Americans hoarded their money and refrained from purchasing expensive items, such as homes and cars. c. Many Americans had to be hospitalized for overeating disorders. d. Many Americans donated money to charities rather than engaging in consumerism. e. Many Americans were mistrustful of banks, and this damaged the economy.

Q: What effect did U.S. involvement in the war have on American civil liberties? a. The federal government instituted committees and Congress passed acts to ensure the safety and rights of German Americans and war dissenters. b. Women had more opportunities in war-related jobs, so their civil liberties increased, especially in voting rights. c. African Americans had more opportunities in war-related jobs, so their civil liberties increased, encouraging more integration. d. Propaganda campaigns led to programs and congressional acts that interred German Americans in work camps, denying their civil liberties. e. Propaganda campaigns led to programs and congressional acts that denied Americans' freedom of speech.

Q: Which of the following authors argued that the American ideal of women's "innocence" really meant their ignorance? a. Charlotte Perkins Gilman in Women and Economics b. Edward Bliss Foote in Plain Home Talk of Love, Marriage, and Parentage c. Bessie and Marie Von Vorst in The Woman Who Toils d. Helen Campbell in Women Wage Earners e. Jane Addams in Twenty Years at Hull House

Q: As a result of the revised Fugitive Slave Law in the Compromise of 1850, it became __________. a. easier for escaped slaves to stay free b. easier to kidnap and enslave free African Americans c. easier for slaves to sue for their freedom d. easier for slaves to purchase their freedom e. more difficult for plantation owners to reclaim their escaped slaves

Q: In 1823, John Quincy Adams believed the nation should __________. a. form an alliance with the British b. avoid involvement in European affairs c. create an alliance with the newly independent Latin American nations d. control the affairs of the Western Hemisphere e. wrest control of New Orleans from the Spanish

Q: The major source of Anglo-French conflict in the colonies was __________. a. slavery b. international naval supremacy c. arguments over relations and treaties with Native Americans d. political grievances e. control of the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys

Q: What event prompted a massive wave of "sit-ins" across the country? a. African Americans went on a hunger strike after being refused service at a diner. b. An African American soldier refused to stand and salute an abusive white officer. c. A white restaurant owner assaulted a black customer when she asked to be served in a white area. d. Three African American college students refused to leave a lunch counter after being denied service. e. Three African American women refused to get off a bus after being asked to move to the back.

Q: What does the number of American deaths suggest about WWI casualties?a. Deaths from disease, famine, and other war-related causes were higher than combat deaths.b. Civilians were often targets of military action, leading to large number of civilian deaths.c. The lower number of non-combat deaths indicate the small impact the war had on civilian life.d. Most causalities resulted from trench warfare, with only a small number of non-combatant deaths.e. Better sanitary conditions in military hospitals meant military personnel received better medical care than civilians.

Q: What was the significance of the decline in fertility rates in America between 1800 and 1939? a. It reflected a higher death rate among immigrant families. b. It reflected a higher infant mortality rate due to primitive medical practices. c. It reflected a conscious decision of many Americans to postpone or limit their families. d. It showed that more Americans were remaining single rather than marrying and having children. e. It showed that fewer Americans were dying of disease now that vaccines had come into popular use.

Q: Why did it take months to push the Compromise of 1850 through Congress? a. President Taylor opposed the compromise, and congressmen kept granting key concessions to rival parties. b. President Taylor was for the compromise, but congressmen kept granting key concessions to rival parties. c. The compromise was broken into too many small and ineffective measures. d. President Taylor died and was succeeded by Millard Fillmore, who opposed the compromise. e. President Taylor supported the compromise, but key senators kept proposing new compromises before a vote could be taken.

Q: The main diplomatic challenge facing James Monroe in 1820 was __________. a. the continuing threat of English intervention in the United States b. the development of trading rights with Latin America c. establishing friendly relations with France d. responding to the revolt of Spain's Latin American colonies e. the "Native American problem"

Q: Which colonial war between France and England demonstrated the British colonists could fight effective joint operations? a. King William's War b. Queen Anne's War c. King George's War d. War of the Spanish Succession e. King Philip's War

Q: The Montgomery bus boycott __________. a. moved Martin Luther King, Jr. away from his philosophy of passive resistance b. sparked an outburst of violence against blacks all over the South c. led to the emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. as a black civil rights leader d. failed to change Montgomery's strict segregation laws e. ended when President Eisenhower sent in troops to stop the boycott

Q: What factors contributed to making World War I "the most terrible war of all time"? a. World War I involved all areas of the world, including South America, Africa, and Asia. b. The use of trench warfare and new technology made conditions particularly horrible for soldiers. c. A larger number of people died in World War I than any other war in history. d. American propaganda campaigns demonized the enemy, fueling the war's label as "most terrible". e. Food shortages on the home front led to many U.S. civilian deaths in addition to military deaths.

Q: What did the popularity of sports in the United States indicate? a. the influence of European culture b. the increased amount of leisure time c. the breakdown of sexual barriers d. increased freedom for children e. the boredom of industrial workers

Q: The Free-Soil movement supported the exclusion of slavery from the territories because __________. a. it believed in racial justice b. it believed in the immorality of slavery c. it feared the outbreak of slave insurrections in the territories d. of racial prejudice and fear of labor competition from freed slaves e. most western land was unsuited for plantation agriculture

Q: According to the decision of Gibbons v. Ogden, which branch of government would regulate interstate commerce? a. the executive branch b. Congress c. the Supreme Court d. the individual states e. the judicial branch

Q: A major source of political information in the colonies came in the form of __________. a. official dispatches b. weekly journals c. pamphlets d. public debates e. daily newspapers

Q: What was the initial goal of the Montgomery bus boycott? a. to challenge the legality of segregated seating b. to create a semi-segregated seating arrangement on a first-come, first-served basis c. to challenge the racial discrimination in the hiring of bus drivers d. to make the bus fares equal for white and black passengers e. to bring more bus routes to African American neighborhoods

Q: What attitudes about race did the American Expeditionary Force reflect? a. All men, regardless of color, can fight equally and deserve equal opportunities for advancement. b. Since black and white soldiers fought together in the Spanish-American War, they should do so in World War I. c. Blacks were considered inferior and should be segregated from whites and not given positions of authority. d. African Americans and other people of color were considered inferior and therefore not permitted to fight as soldiers but only to serve as support staff. e. The AEF believed blacks and whites should be completely segregated, so blacks were required to command all black troops.

Q: Why did reformers turn their attention to prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages in the nineteenth century? a. They believed that high tariffs on alcohol were leading more people into poverty. b. They thought that large producers of alcoholic beverages were driving smaller companies out of business. c. They did not want Americans to import alcoholic beverages from other countries. d. They believed that drunkenness brought many social evils into society. e. They were worried that people were buying harmful liquor because alcoholic beverages were not regulated.

Q: During the 1840s, what was true of most northerners? a. They disliked slavery and detested abolitionism. b. They were fierce and loyal abolitionists. c. They supported the institution of slavery. d. They were apathetic about the slavery issue. e. They felt that slavery was starting to spread to the North.

Q: McCulloch v. Maryland involved questions regarding __________. a. the national bank b. internal improvements c. the role of the U.S. Congress d. the chartering of private corporations e. timber rights

Q: Which college was established as a result of the Great Awakening? a. Princeton b. Columbia c. Harvard d. the College of William & Mary e. Yale

Q: Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 because she __________. a. instigated a race riot stemming from the desegregation of schools b. defied a court order by refusing to allow black students in her classroom c. refused to give up her seat on a city bus to a white man d. assaulted a white man who had insulted her on a city bus e. was suspected of being a communist or communist sympathizer

Q: How did the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 change the course of the war? a. Germany's own people began to revolt, leading to a weakening of the axis powers, giving the Allies an advantage. b. The Polish people in Germany revolted, distracting German forces from fighting France and Britain and giving the Allies an advantage. c. Socialists in the United States refused to help with the war effort, inhibiting U.S. involvement and prolonging the war. d. Russia dropped out of the war, so Germany could concentrate on fighting in the west. e. Russia renewed attacks on Germany from the east, so that Germany began to weaken, from fighting on both fronts.

Q: Significant medical developments in Victorian America __________. a. prevented tuberculosis, typhoid, and diphtheria b. included the discovery that germs cause infection and disease c. led to an increase in the number of hospitals and their use for medical care d. could not stop the increasing infant mortality rate between 1877 and 1900 e. allowed psychologists to investigate the importance of genetics on human development

Q: Why was it difficult for northern abolitionists to mount a legal attack against the institution of slavery in southern states? a. Southern states generally had much better lawyers than northern states. b. There was a serious lack of strong northern congressional leadership. c. The Constitution protected state laws that allowed slavery. d. Southern plantation owners donated heavily to northern political candidates. e. Slavery was overshadowed by issues people felt more strongly about.

Q: Dartmouth College v. Woodward __________. a. increased the regulatory powers of state governments b. asserted the implied powers of the Constitution c. led to the growth of the modern corporation d. ruled the state had no right to tax a privately owned college e. expanded the powers of the federal government to regulate education

Q: Colonial ministers who opposed the Great Awakening were known as __________. a. "New Lights" b. "Old Lights" c. evangelicals d. pietists e. contraries

Q: What was the driving force for social change that gained civil rights for African Americans? a. landmark court cases b. presidential intervention c. laws passed by Congress d. the religious revival of the times e. African American activism

Q: How did U.S. neutrality in World War I finally come to an end?a. Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico and sank five American ships in ten days.b. Russia formed an alliance with Germany that threatened U.S. interests in the Pacific.c. The Allied nations begged the United States to intervene on their behalf.d. Japan attacked the Philippines and Hawaii, killing hundreds of U.S. military personnel and citizens.e. Germany formed an alliance with Cuba, threatening to bring the war to the United States.

Q: American life in the late nineteenth century included __________. a. a movement toward healthier diets and lifestyles b. hopelessly primitive medical science c. a majority of the population living in urban areas d. a life expectancy of about 60 years e. food prices that were constantly getting lower

Q: Why was Abraham Lincoln chosen as the Republican presidential candidate for the 1860 election over front-runner Senator William H. Seward? a. Lincoln could carry his home state of Kentucky. b. Seward strongly supported nativism. c. Lincoln came from a prosperous, well-known family. d. Seward was seen as too radical. e. Abraham Lincoln pledged to end slavery.

Q: As chief justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall __________. a. promoted the growth of state sovereignty b. supported the attainment of political and social equality c. emphasized the primacy of property and property rights d. abandoned his Federalist sympathies e. began the tradition of wearing four gold stripes on the sleeves of his robes

Q: Followers of the Great Awakening, who emphasized a powerful, emotional religion, were known as __________. a. "Old Lights" b. "New Lights" c. Presbyterians d. deists e. evangelicals

Q: Why did Eisenhower send 1,000 paratroopers to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957? a. to ensure that black students could attend a desegregated school b. to quell a violent race riot resulting from the desegregation of the military c. to investigate a planned terrorist attack from the Soviet Union d. to protect a top secret chemical weapon on its way to Washington, DC e. to arrest hundreds of alleged segregationist activists and supporters

Q: By electing __________ in 1916, Americans showed their determination to __________. a. Roosevelt, remain neutral in WWI b. Hughes, remain neutral in WWI c. Wilson, remain neutral in WWI d. Wilson, enter WWI regardless of the costs e. Roosevelt, stay out of WWI whatever the costs

Q: Urban political machines stayed in power because __________. a. the federal government supported them with grants b. they understood how to use the political system for their own good c. they performed social services for African Americans d. there was little regard for the political system e. they took over services from the cities

Q: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, involved __________. a. white and black men seizing a federal arsenal in an unsuccessful attempt to start an uprising against slavery b. a slave rebellion that resulted in the deaths of 18 whites and all of the slaves c. a group of white men raiding a southern abolitionist office and killing five white and black antislavery protestors d. white men and women seizing 18 slaves in order to forcibly emancipate them in Mexico e. a group of white and black abolitionists killing three slave owners and wounding five others

Q: The Missouri Compromise of 1820 involved __________. a. the criteria that no more slave states could be created south of the northern boundary of Missouri b. Missouri being admitted as a slave state on condition that slavery be phased out over a period of time c. Maine splitting off from Massachusetts and being admitted as a free state d. northern and southern congressmen splitting along partisan lines on the issue e. adroit political maneuvering by John Calhoun, who got the compromise through the Senate

Q: The two most important leaders of the Great Awakening in colonial America were __________. a. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield b. John Winthrop and Jonathan Edwards c. John Locke and Benjamin Franklin d. Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard e. Cotton Mather and George Whitefield

Q: President Eisenhower's approach to desegregation was to __________. a. actively fight to stop the process b. work behind the scenes to stop the effort c. misunderstand the importance of the issue d. work behind the scenes to support the movement e. publicly support desegregation efforts across the South

Q: The Sussex Pledge __________ U.S. involvement in World War I. a. escalated b. postponed c. eliminated d. complicated e. intensified

Q: What was one consequence of the urban growth of the late nineteenth century? a. urban renewal of neighborhoods b. growth of middle-class neighborhoods c. white flight d. powerful city political machines e. construction of better housing

Q: In his debates with Stephen Douglas during the 1858 Senate race, Abraham Lincoln's position on slavery was that he favored __________. a. abolishing slavery in all the states and territories b. restricting slavery to the states where it was most profitable c. restricting slavery to the states where the Constitution protected it d. using popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue in new territories e. allowing slavery in newly acquired territories

Q: The president most closely identified with the "Era of Good Feeling" was __________. a. James Monroe b. James Madison c. John Quincy Adams d. Thomas Jefferson e. Andrew Jackson

Q: A major financial problem that confronted mid-eighteenth-century America involved the __________. a. heavy debt owed to the British b. colonists' refusal to buy English products c. shortage of gold and silver coinage d. colonies' failure to print paper money e. lack of credit available to merchants

Q: How did the Deep South respond to court-ordered desegregation? a. by taking action to end discrimination in schools b. with grudging acceptance of the decisions c. with apathy and passive acceptance d. with massive and widespread resistance e. with violence and threats to once again secede from the Union

Q: What was the role of economic factors in supporting U.S. neutrality in the early years of World War I? a. The United States was greatly weakened financially by WWI and saw entering the war as an economic necessity. b. The United States grew rich from its neutrality during WWI and saw joining the war as a way of getting even richer. c. U-boat attacks had increased commerce for the United States by eliminating the competition, so continued neutrality benefited the nation's economy. d. U-boat attacks prevented the United States from trading freely with Europe and required U.S. involvement. e. U-boat attacks cost the German government millions of dollars, making them even more eager to draw the United States into the war.