Q&A Hero

Q: Early in the 1890s, the Democrats succeeded in __________. a. modestly reducing tariff levels b. taking the United States off the gold standard c. driving the economy to higher levels d. correcting the abuses of stock speculators e. increasing tariffs to protect American industry

Q: The first major battle of the war, at Bull Run, resulted in __________. a. a Union victory b. a Confederate victory c. a bloody stalemate d. the capture of Washington, D.C. e. Sherman's capture of Savannah, Georgia

Q: Martin Van Buren regarded a two-party system as essential to democratic government because __________. a. it provided a check on the temptation to abuse power b. he believed governments could not operate effectively without parties c. it was traditional in democracies d. he saw two parties as a way to increase his personal power e. three or more parties would cause too much voter confusion

Q: Which statement is the best interpretation of this sentence: "For the British, 'American' was a way of saying 'not quite English'"?a. The British believed that the colonists could only become truly American if they broke awayfrom the crown.b. The British felt that the colonists needed to import more British goods in order to be considered truly British.c. The British did not perceive the differences among the various colonies and thought all Americans were the same.d. The British regarded colonists as second-class citizens and did not consider them to be equal to British citizens.e. The British felt that the colonists no longer wanted to be British and had rejected many of their traditional ways.

Q: How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved? a. Cuba would remove its nuclear missiles in exchange for America's promise not to attack Russia. b. America would remove its nuclear missiles from Cuba in exchange for Russian promises not to aid North Vietnam. c. America would remove its nuclear missiles from Cuba in exchange for Russia's promise not to invade Cuba. d. Russia would remove its nuclear missiles from Cuba in exchange for America's promise not to invade North Vietnam. e. Russia would remove its nuclear missiles from Cuba in exchange for America's promise not to invade Cuba.

Q: The Democratic candidate in the election of 1928 was __________. a. Robert M. La Follette b. James Cox c. John W. Davis d. Al Smith e. William McAdoo

Q: Who was president of the United States during the depression of 1893? a. Herbert Hoover b. Grover Cleveland c. Rutherford B. Hayes d. William McKinley e. Theodore Roosevelt

Q: In 1861, Lincoln declared martial law and suspended the __________ in the area between Philadelphia and Washington. a. Constitution b. writ of habeas corpus c. right to bear arms d. freedom of speech protections e. right to vote

Q: The most obvious indicator of the supremacy of democracy in the United States was the __________. a. high percentages of people who voted b. widespread use of the "spoils system" c. absence of any kind of social or economic classes d. development of universal manhood suffrage e. increase in the number of appointed officials

Q: How did the increase in British imports to the colonies in the 1700s affect American culture?a. The colonists produced less of their own homespun goods, which made them less reliant on old traditions.b. The colonists no longer relied on imports from other countries and became less connected to French and Spanish cultures.c. The same British goods were sold throughout the colonies, which gave colonists a collective background and brought them into greater contact with each other.d. The colonists of different colonies developed interests in different British imports, which led to greater isolation and greater identification with their own region.e. The colonists were introduced to new British traditions through the imports they bought, and lost much of their original American culture.

Q: Why did Kennedy authorize a covert mission in which 1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba? a. to check the island for nuclear weapons b. to topple the regime of Fidel Castro c. to gather information about Castro's relationship with Russian leader Khrushchev d. to steal classified documents related to the conflict in Vietnam e. to spark an anticommunist movement among the Cuban people

Q: What was the root of the farmers' problems in the 1920s? a. crop disease b. foreign competition c. high labor costs d. overproduction e. high tariff rates

Q: President Cleveland broke the Pullman strike on grounds that it had __________.a. exposed the United States to foreign invasionb. interfered with the collection of taxesc. raised the possibility of open class warfared. obstructed the delivery of the maile. forced wealthy travelers to ride in ordinary passenger cars

Q: "Greenbacks" were __________. a. green-shirted Irish volunteers who served in the Confederate army b. inexperienced recruits who were not ready for combat c. deserters who hid out in the woods d. unsecured treasury notes issued as currency by the federal government e. teenagers who served in the armed forces

Q: Which of the following individuals is matched with his art form? a. William Sidney Mount : novels b. Nathaniel Hawthorne : novels c. Herman Melville : painting d. Oliver Wendell Holmes : painting e. George Caleb Bingham : novels

Q: What did the Great Awakening, intercolonial trade, and the rise of the colonial assemblies have in common? a. They created disdain for England. b. They created a rebellious spirit in America. c. They contributed to a growing sense of shared identity. d. They helped create imperial rivalry between England and France. e. They exacerbated the problems of an already divided citizenry.

Q: Why did the United States become involved in the conflict between North and South Vietnam in 1961? a. to stop the spread of communism from North Vietnam to South Vietnam b. to gain control of valuable natural resources in South Vietnam c. to honor obligations to Russia from the treaty ending World War II d. to retaliate for North Vietnam's involvement in the Bay of Pigs operation e. to stop South Vietnam's bloody takeover of North Vietnam

Q: As secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover __________. a. sought to limit government-business relations b. established a mediocre reputation c. differed with the policies of Harding and Coolidge d. pushed for closer relations between government and business e. was totally unable to accomplish his goals

Q: Which individual rocketed to national attention because of the Pullman strike?a. Jacob Coxeyb. Theodore Dreiserc. Eugene V. Debsd. Henry Adamse. Thomas Watson

Q: What was most common in determining whether a state supported the North or the South in the Civil War? a. ideology about slavery b. opinions about Lincoln's presidency and whether he was a legitimate leader c. views on whether or not states had the right to secede from the Union d. economic interests e. religious convictions

Q: American culture in the Jacksonian period __________. a. did not reflect the development of a more democratic society b. was based in support of elitism and privileges c. was primarily the concern of the upper class d. accurately reflected the rise of the democratic spirit e. reached an all-time low in production

Q: What was a major consequence of the Seven Years' War? a. The war required the colonists create a Grand Council for intercolonial cooperation. b. The war led to the creation of several new French colonies. c. The colonies began working toward independence from Britain. d. Britain admired the contributions of the colonists to their own defense. e. The war made colonists more aware of America and its land.

Q: Kennedy secured the African American vote in the 1960 presidential election by __________. a. promising to defend African nations from communism b. promising to appoint an African American as his running mate c. supporting the release of Martin Luther King, Jr. from jail d. publicly criticizing southern Democrats who supported segregation e. being a close personal friend of Stokely Carmichael

Q: Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon pushed for __________. a. lower tax rates for everyone b. lower personal taxes for the rich c. higher corporation taxes d. higher taxes for the rich e. the abolition of the income tax

Q: The Panic of 1893 __________. a. was caused by the economic changes of the period b. was confined to a small group of investors c. had little effect on the national government d. brought quick, decisive action by the government e. caused banks to increase their number of loans

Q: The first shots of the Civil War were fired at __________. a. Fort Pickens b. Fort Sumter c. Manassas Junction d. Fort Henry e. Fort Donelson

Q: The European observer, Alexis de Tocqueville, believed the most evident feature of democracy in America was the __________. a. American contribution b. decline in the spirit of deference c. participation of women in government d. American election process e. equality of former slaves

Q: Which best describes Benjamin Franklin's main goal in drafting the Albany Plan?a. to organize a council of delegates to coordinate common defense and western expansionb. to propose the dredging of canals that connected Albany with Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence Riverc. to set up a system of common taxes and tariffs throughout the coloniesd. to draft a constitution that freed the colonies from any control by the British crowne. to prepare the colonies for an eventual war of independence with England

Q: Which 1968 presidential candidate cut deeply into Democratic candidate Hubert Humphrey's voter base by running on the American Independent Party ticket? a. Eugene McCarthy b. William Westmoreland c. Timothy Leary d. George C. Wallace e. Huey Newton

Q: Harding and his successors __________. a. sought to continue the policies of Wilson b. wanted a return to traditional Republican policies c. advanced in new directions d. sought to maintain the status quo e. wanted to redefine "Republicanism"

Q: The Populist candidate for president in 1892 was __________. a. William Jennings Bryan b. James Weaver c. Mary Lease d. William McKinley e. Grover Cleveland

Q: The Crittenden compromise would have __________. a. extended the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific b. abolished the national Fugitive Slave Law c. denied federal compensation to the owners of escaped slaves d. guaranteed slavery in all new territories e. changed the Constitution to allow slavery to be abolished in all the states

Q: __________ came to symbolize the triumph of democracy in the 1820s-1840s. a. Henry Clay b. John C. Calhoun c. Daniel Webster d. Martin Van Buren e. Andrew Jackson

Q: By the mid-1700s, the colonial assemblies __________. a. had surrendered most powers to royal assemblies b. were gaining steadily in power c. were able to elect the colonial governors d. were completely independent in their actions from the mother country e. were full of mid-level bureaucrats seeking better patronage jobs

Q: The turning point of the Vietnam War which convinced U.S. leaders that the war would end in a stalemate was the __________. a. Tet offensive b. Gulf of Tonkin affair c. Battle of Pleiku d. Battle of Haiphong e. massacre at My Lai

Q: John Scopes was tried for __________. a. sending package bombs through the mail during the Red Scare b. evading the draft during World War I c. shouting "fire" in a crowded theater d. teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school e. abducting and murdering the infant son of Charles Lindbergh

Q: Which of these was a demand of the Populist party? a. the free coinage of silver b. farm subsidies c. larger protective tariffs d. elimination of the federal income tax e. maintenance of the gold standard

Q: The Confederate Constitution __________. a. allowed the Atlantic slave trade to be reopened b. abolished the three-fifths clause in determining congressional representation c. prohibited free states from joining the new Confederacy d. allowed the government to impose protective tariffs e. required the government to protect slavery in the states and the territories

Q: Why did the Monroe Doctrine make little impression on European powers? a. The Europeans were too occupied with losing their colonial power in the Americas to care about trade embargoes in the United States. b. The Europeans did not see the United States as a significant enough military power to feel threatened about their support of Latin American independence. c. Europe, especially England, could not predict how powerful an influence the United States would have on independent markets in Latin America. d. Communication was so poor that the European powers did not receive news of the Monroe Doctrine until after they had given up Latin America. e. Maps were so inaccurate that European powers did not have a sense of how close the United States was to much of Latin America.

Q: Which best describes the change in colonial warfare during the eighteenth century?a. Rather than fight off Native Americans, the colonists found that their main enemies were colonists from other regions of the country.b. Rather than participate in European wars, the colonists were forced to battle against Native Americans.c. Instead of the threat from hostile Native Americans, the colonists faced threats from African American slaves.d. Instead of facing threats from Native Americans and African American slaves, the colonists were forced to fight against Spanish forces.e. Instead of being involved in local wars with Native Americans, the colonists became involved with the wars between Britain and France.

Q: Who wrote the 1963 book The Feminine Mystique? a. Jacqueline Kennedy b. Rosa Parks c. Ella Baker d. Betty Friedan e. Coretta Scott King

Q: Which group was exempted from the provisions of the National Origins Act of 1921? a. Italians b. Russians c. Germans d. Mexicans e. Irish

Q: What was the major objective of the Alliance Movement? a. to form a social organization for farmers b. to organize and politicize the American farmer c. to ensure equal distribution of wealth d. to elect Democrats and Republicans who represented the farmers e. to protect farmers against greedy cattle ranchers

Q: As a war leader, Jefferson Davis __________. a. focused more on policymaking than controlling the military b. had an excellent relationship with his generals c. lacked initiative and leadership on the home front d. frequently used martial law to retain control e. had the full support of southern governors

Q: How does the statement from Monroe's inaugural address that expansion "to the Great Lakes and beyond the sources of the great rivers which communicate through our whole interior" meant that "no country was ever happier with respect to its domain" contradict the country's actions in Florida and the West? a. If the United States was happy with respect to its domain, it would not have to expand to obtain Florida or more land in the West. b. If the United States was happy with respect to its domain, it would not have changed to a market economy and begun industrialization outside of the home. c. If the Great Lakes and the great rivers were important to the United States, it would not have built national roads. d. The Great Lakes and great rivers ended up being of little value to the United States during the early nineteenth century, causing the United States to seek more "domain." e. Because of poor relations with Native American tribes in the Great Lakes and great rivers regions, the United States was not truly happy in respect to its domain.

Q: One of the most important factors uniting Americans of different colonies into a single political culture was __________. a. the English common law b. cooperative royal governors c. similar social systems between the northern and southern colonies d. a respect for the sovereignty of Parliament e. fear of attack by Indians

Q: Cesar Chavez __________. a. led a communist takeover of Nicaragua in 1969 b. organized a Chicano political movement known as La Raza Unida c. organized California grape and lettuce workers to strike for higher wages d. was the first Hispanic player to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame e. campaigned for bilingual education programs in public schools in California and Texas

Q: Which of the following is true of the immigration legislation of the 1920s? a. The legislation had no lasting effect. b. It was opposed by the large corporations. c. It encouraged immigration from underdeveloped countries. d. The legislation was the most enduring achievement of the rural counterattack. e. It was quickly repealed in the 1930s.

Q: Farmers complained about crop prices during the late nineteenth century, but __________. a. overall profits were high b. rising railroad rates were the real problem c. their poor economic condition was mainly caused by a lack of demand d. overproduction was a contributing factor e. their purchasing power actually increased

Q: Cooperationists believed that the slave states __________. a. should act as a unit rather than secede one at a time b. should remain in the Union c. should form a new union with northern states d. and the free states should simply find a way to get along e. should cooperate with Britain and France

Q: How does this statement from Monroe's inaugural address demonstrate American hypocrisy: "Their citizens individually have been happy and the nation prosperous"? a. Few people were truly happy in the United States during the first few decades of the nineteenth century. b. The nation was prosperous only because it exploited immigrants and weaker North American neighbors. c. Only those who were citizens (white males) were able to be happy and prosperous; Native Americans, African Americans, and women were denied these opportunities. d. Monroe was addressing politicians, the only truly happy citizens of the United States, and the only people allowed to contribute to its prosperity. e. From the moment of his inaugural address, Monroe's policies undermined individual citizens' happiness and the nation's ability to prosper greatly.

Q: Which was a major concern of members of colonial assemblies? a. dealing with Native American violence on the frontier b. ensuring universal male suffrage c. preventing the rise of an aristocracy in the colonies d. working closely with the colonial governors e. maintaining what they saw as their rights as Englishmen

Q: Who advocated "black power" as the leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the 1960s? a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Phillip Randolph c. Stokely Carmichael d. Thurgood Marshall e. Robert Weaver

Q: The Ku Klux Klan collapsed after __________. a. several major leaders were convicted of sexual and financial crimes b. it was unmasked as a secret communist conspiracy c. new federal laws made membership a crime in 1927 d. evangelist Billy Sunday denounced it in a widely reprinted sermon e. southerners abandoned it as being unlike the Reconstruction-era Klan

Q: Those who supported the free coinage of silver __________. a. were convinced it would help the agrarian sectors b. were primarily found in the North and East c. wanted to keep monetary power away from the national government d. found little support for their views in Congress e. thought it would deflate the currency

Q: Which one of the following states was part of the early movement to leave the Union, before any shots were fired? a. Missouri b. Virginia c. North Carolina d. Tennessee e. Texas

Q: Why did the Era of Good Feeling end? a. The United States could not sustain continued economic growth; financial institutions began to crumble. b. Nonpartisan cooperation could not be sustained through disagreements over how government should be involved in social and economic changes. c. The United States could not maintain peaceful relations with European countries intent on continuing colonial rule in Latin America. d. Poor road transportation made it difficult to unite the West with the East of the United States, causing poor communication and political divisions. e. The Supreme Court's focus on protection of individual liberty produced political, social, and economic inequalities that greatly weakened the nation.

Q: Colonial legislators saw their primary function as __________. a. improving the lives of their constituents b. preventing encroachments on the people's rights c. implementing the governor's policies d. mediating between the royal governor and the people e. supporting the governor to attain patronage appointments

Q: What was the touchstone of the new counterculture of the sixties? a. literature b. photography c. painting d. film e. music

Q: The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s __________. a. appealed to old-stock Americans nervous about social and cultural change b. focused solely on blacks in both the North and the South c. was not politically active or powerful d. would not admit women e. was active mainly in the Old South

Q: The Sherman Antitrust Act __________. a. was vague and at the mercy of the courts b. had little effect on antitrust policy c. was only concerned with regulating railroads d. did not have criminal penalties for violators e. was used aggressively by the Justice Department

Q: Which of the following southern states was the first to secede from the Union? a. Kentucky b. Virginia c. Alabama d. South Carolina e. North Carolina

Q: Why didn't Great Britain support the rest of the European continent in their Latin American policies?a. Great Britain realized that independent Latin American countries offered better economic opportunities for British products.b. Great Britain didn't want to lose its colonies in Africa, so it opposed any independent colonies in Latin America.c. Great Britain hoped to re-colonize most of the Latin American nations once the Spanish and Portuguese were kicked out.d. Great Britain had learned from the Revolutionary War with the United States that colonial wars were expensive and impossible to win.e. Great Britain had observed the economic and political successes of the United States and respected Latin American nations' rights to the same.

Q: How were royal governors in colonial America more powerful than a king in eighteenth-century Britain? a. They had the power to overturn the verdict of colonial judges. b. They could appoint military commanders-in-chief in each colony. c. They had the power to appoint their own council. d. They had the power to tax the colonists. e. They had the right to veto legislation.

Q: In the spring of 1968, students seized five buildings at __________ for eight days before police regained control. a. Arizona State University b. Duke University c. the University of California at San Francisco d. Harvard University e. Columbia University

Q: What did the Volstead Act do? a. implemented prohibition b. restricted immigration c. created special supervision over stockyards, packinghouses, and grain trading d. reduced income taxes for the wealthy e. established a higher protective tariff

Q: Which of the following groups made up the bulk of the electorate until 1900? a. white males b. white males and white females c. white and African American males d. landowning white males e. educated white males

Q: What caused seven states to secede from the Union before any shots had been fired? a. the Compromise of 1850 b. John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry c. the election of President Lincoln d. the Emancipation Proclamation e. Lincoln's plans to free the slaves

Q: How did politics differ in the "Old World" from politics in the "New World" in the early nineteenth century? a. Most "New World" nations copied the political systems of the "Old World," modifying them slightly to accommodate slavery and industrialization. b. Most "New World" nations founded republics, whereas most "Old World" nations began to form socialist democracies. c. Most "New World" nations adopted policies of eradication or assimilation with their natives, whereas "Old World" nations allowed theirs to coexist. d. Most "New World" nations founded democratic governments, whereas the "Old World" still clung to aristocratic rule. e. Most "New World" nations established communist republics, whereas the "Old World" remained under aristocratic rule.

Q: Which of the following was an important effect of the Great Awakening? a. It required obedience to traditional authority figures. b. It strengthened the authority of old colonial religions. c. It encouraged the development of conformity. d. It fostered a pessimistic view of the future among those touched by it. e. It evoked an awareness of a larger community of believers.

Q: What was the main issue that American college students protested during the sixties? a. the election of Lyndon Johnson b. the Vietnam War c. Lyndon Johnson's education policies d. civil rights e. tax increases for the middle class

Q: Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted of murder primarily because they were __________. a. Russian immigrants b. anarchists c. atheists d. guilty e. black

Q: Grover Cleveland __________. a. increased federal activities b. was committed to higher tariffs c. curtailed federal activities d. brought dishonor to the Democratic party e. was reelected in a landslide in 1888

Q: Why did the Republican Party call for "free soil" in the territories rather than freedom for African Americans?a. Focusing on land rather than people would make it easier to pass legislation through Congress.b. The party knew that achieving its dream of liberating all African Americans was unrealistic, so it settled on the compromise of "free soil."c. The party was focusing on "free soil" as a first step in the eventual freedom of all African Americans.d. Putting the focus on the laws of the land rather than the freedoms of African Americans would prevent isolating the hard-line racists in the party.e. Abolitionism conflicted with the North's commitment to both white supremacy and the original constitutional compromise about slavery.

Q: How did John Marshall influence the United States? a. He created the first commercial steamship, proving that people and freight can move by steam power. b. He brokered the Adams-Ons Treaty, granting the United States the fertile land of Florida. c. He influenced the future of the institution of slavery in the United States by convincing Congress to pass the Missouri Compromise. d. He influenced the future of the United States and Latin America through his Supreme Court rulings like the Monroe Doctrine. e. He influenced the future of the U.S. economy through his Supreme Court rulings.

Q: Why did tension arise between colonial congregations of the 1740s and 1750s? a. Evangelical preachers began to challenge traditional preaching. b. Colonial preachers no longer wanted to be controlled by the English clergy. c. Some preachers wanted to prevent colonists from joining their congregations. d. Many preachers tried to convert Native Americans to evangelical Christianity. e. Congregations disagreed about whether women should participate in the church.

Q: The most prominent student protest organization during the sixties was the __________. a. Students of America b. Students for a Democratic Society c. Yippie movement d. Southern Christian Leadership Conference e. Young Republicans

Q: During the Red Scare of 1919-1920, who led the attack on the alien threat? a. Mitchell Palmer b. Clarence Darrow c. Warren G. Harding d. Alexander Berkman e. William Jennings Bryan

Q: The Pendleton Act __________. a. eliminated presidential appointments b. provided a merit system for national government jobs c. allowed Congress greater power in appointing government jobs d. gave the judiciary greater power in the national government e. established the Secret Service to protect presidents

Q: What do most modern historians believe was the underlying cause of the breakup of the Union? a. religious leaders promising salvation or damnation to each side b. politicians and agitators stirring public opinion into a frenzy c. ideological differences over the morality and utility of slavery d. a clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrialized regions e. infighting within political parties