Q&A Hero

Q: In 1900, the International ________ Union was formed as an offshoot of the AFL.

Q: In 1886, the ________ bombing helped to increase the ranks of organized labor.

Q: The _____________ day became a cornerstone of the labor movement in the late 1800s.

Q: Using the strategy of horizontal integration, ________ achieved a near monopoly of the oil industry in late nineteenth-century America.

Q: The individual who helped establish new management techniques for railroad companies, and hence other American corporations, during the late nineteenth century was ________.

Q: When ________ introduced the Bessemer process in his plants, the price of steel dropped.

Q: Trace the attempts to organize American industrial labor on a national scale during the late nineteenth century and evaluate the success of those attempts.

Q: Discuss the various means by which industrial workers in late nineteenth-century America protested against what they considered to be unsatisfactory working conditions.

Q: Suppose you were a typical industrial worker in the United States during the late nineteenth century. Describe the conditions under which you would probably be working.

Q: Discuss the composition of the American industrial working class during the late nineteenth century and indicate the hierarchy of jobs among the various groups that composed that working class.

Q: Assume you were a middle-class American man residing in an industrial city during the late nineteenth century. Describe the values you might hold and the opportunities which might be open to you.

Q: Discuss the lifestyle of the typical middle-class American woman during the late nineteenth century.

Q: Assume you were a member of a working-class American family during the late nineteenth century. Describe the conditions under which your family would probably have lived.

Q: Discuss the characteristics of the American population in the late nineteenth century and analyze the nature of immigration into the country during that period.

Q: Discuss the development of the railroad business during the last half of the nineteenth century in the United States and explain how railroad companies manifested the structure and problems of American corporations during that period.

Q: Discuss the major factors that promoted the development of industrialization in the United States during the late nineteenth century.

Q: Occupational mobility was unlimited for immigrants and non-white groups in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Q: The Knights of Labor denied African Americans entry into its ranks.

Q: Private companies resorted to state power to crush labor strikes during the era.

Q: The great railroad strike took place in 1887.

Q: Between 1881 and 1905, there were over 36,000 strikes by more than 6 million workers in the U.S.

Q: In the period between the Civil War and the turn of the century, there was a general increase in the size of the American family.

Q: Because of the rapid growth of the economy during the late nineteenth century, there was little unemployment among American workers during that period.

Q: The development and production of hard steel during the late nineteenth century fueled economic growth.

Q: In 1882, as part of a wave of anti-immigrant sentiment, Congress passed the A) Chinese Exclusion Act. B) American Railway Act. C) Clayton Anti-trust Act. D) Strike Act.

Q: What internal divisions did unions experience in the late 1800s and early 1900s? A) Diverse work settings divided workers. B) Ethnic differences divided workers. C) Class and interest-based differences divided skilled from unskilled workers. D) All of the above.

Q: The Homestead strike included all of the following developments EXCEPT: A) The outcome of the strike was a major blow for organized labor. B) Frick hired private guards to keep workers away from the factory. C) Andrew Carnegie, the owner of Homestead, was killed. D) Carnegie and Frick wanted to break the new union at the plant.

Q: The Homestead strike took place in the industrial field of A) oil. B) textile. C) mining. D) steel.

Q: All of the following describes the American Federation of Labor EXCEPT: A) It organized skilled trade workers. B) It emphasized "bread and butter" issues, such as higher wages. C) It had one million members by 1900. D) It welcomed African American workers.

Q: Which of the following issues did the National Labor Union support? A) temperance B) women's rights C) labor cooperatives D) All of the above.

Q: All of the following statements describe the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 EXCEPT: A) The strike was the first and bloodiest strike of the era. B) The strike began as a result of a reduction in wages by company owners. C) The strike spread throughout the nation. D) The strike spread to Latin America and Europe.

Q: The primary goals of the typical worker in the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century were A) unlimited riches and benefits. B) to support socialist revolutions. C) respectable wages and humane conditions. D) highly competitive workplaces.

Q: In the era between 1865 and 1900, American workers A) successfully unionized the majority of the workforce. B) seldom used the strike. C) passively accepted their working conditions. D) often protested against their working conditions.

Q: Unlike married white women, married black women in late nineteenth-century America A) showed greater concern that their children remain with them. B) had more favorable employment opportunities. C) were more often forced by societal conditions to work outside the house. D) were unable to marry because of their economic situation.

Q: Among the families of industrial workers during the late nineteenth century, A) domestic servants enjoyed the greatest freedom and benefits. B) white married women often worked outside the home. C) few married white women worked outside the home. D) children were seldom expected to work.

Q: By the end of the nineteenth century, the American working class A) generally benefited from unemployment insurance. B) became influenced by new immigrants from Europe. C) consisted almost exclusively of skilled workers. D) generally enjoyed steady employment.

Q: In general, between 1865 and 1900, working-class Americans A) enjoyed the benefits of unemployment insurance. B) substantially increased their share of the total wealth of the economy. C) derived some benefits from the economic developments of the period. D) could usually find steady work even though wages were low.

Q: During the late nineteenth century, work in industrial America A) required more skilled labor. B) changed in its nature. C) was little affected by ethnic diversity. D) placed a high priority on craftsmanship.

Q: Among working-class Americans, native-born Protestants A) competed with the Irish for the lower-ranking jobs. B) were generally displaced from skilled jobs by immigrants. C) filled most of the middle ranks of the occupational structure. D) held a larger share of the skilled jobs.

Q: An important factor influencing industrial work in late nineteenth-century America was A) increased demand for skilled labor as opposed to unskilled labor. B) the decline of mass production. C) ethnic diversity. D) the ease with which native-born and immigrant workers cooperated.

Q: Success and upward mobility in late nineteenth-century America were generally A) more available to native-born, middle-class whites. B) unlimited and equal for anyone, regardless of background. C) out of reach for hard-working immigrants. D) mythic and had no basis in reality.

Q: The social ethic that prevailed in late nineteenth-century America stressed that A) social class should determine social rank. B) greed had more to do with success than good character did. C) economic success was available to anyone who worked hard. D) family background should determine social rank.

Q: In the years from 1865 to 1900, middle-class men in America enjoyed A) fewer career opportunities in the professions. B) greater job opportunities. C) greater opportunities as doctors and lawyers but not as engineers and architects. D) few educational opportunities.

Q: One reason that American women enjoyed greater freedom after the Civil War than before was because A) the divorce rate declined. B) they were having fewer babies. C) they were readily accepted into professional occupations. D) most American men accepted the new role of women outside the home.

Q: In the years from 1865 to 1900, American middle-class women A) failed to gain any new freedoms. B) gained new opportunities. C) had less access to higher education than before the Civil War. D) were forced to work primarily as servants.

Q: During the late nineteenth century, the American middle class generally A) found few new products on which to spend its increased income. B) saw a decline in its standard of living. C) enjoyed an improvement in its standard of living. D) could maintain its standard of living with fewer members of the family employed.

Q: After the Civil War, the American middle class A) had less leisure time than before the war. B) demonstrated less interest in shopping than the working class. C) enjoyed rising incomes. D) found fewer job opportunities.

Q: Black Americans who lived in the North between 1865 and 1900 A) enjoyed full economic opportunity with northern whites. B) experienced racial discrimination in employment. C) quickly lost interest in their religious institutions in their new urban setting. D) returned en masse to the South.

Q: The "new immigrants" whose migration to the United States increased after 1880 came mainly from A) northern and western Europe. B) southern and eastern Europe. C) southeast Asia. D) China.

Q: An important consequence of industrialization in the United States was A) increased migration from the city to the farm. B) widespread unemployment. C) a decline in immigration to the United States. D) an increase in the size of the American family.

Q: The transformation of the American economy during the late nineteenth century resulted in A) a stabilization of the economic cycle. B) an increase in farm prices. C) increased instability in the economic cycle. D) an end to depressions in the United States.

Q: An important factor in the rapid development of industry in the United States during the last half of the nineteenth century was A) increasing competition in the oil business. B) the availability of capital for investment purposes. C) effective regulation of monopolistic business practices by the national government. D) a stable economic cycle.

Q: One of the first businesses to reflect the advantages and problems associated with the corporate structure was the ________ industry. A) oil B) railroad C) steel D) milling

Q: Important in facilitating the conversion of American industry to mass production was A) reduction in the use of coal. B) a shift to the use of steam power. C) increased use of water power. D) an increase in the number of small businesses.

Q: The Bessemer process A) converted steam into power. B) enabled steel manufacturers to reduce injuries. C) transformed iron into steel more efficiently. D) made a stronger, but more expensive steel.

Q: An important factor promoting industrial development in the United States during the last half of the nineteenth century was A) a shift from the use of steam to electricity as the major source of power. B) regulation of the railroads. C) technological innovations. D) an increase in the size of the average American family.

Q: The reaction of the Senate investigating committee to Thomas O"Donnell's testimony concerning his living and working conditions indicated that the senators A) were prepared to take immediate action to remedy his circumstances. B) would support a public housing bill. C) clearly understood and sympathized with his problems. D) had little understanding of the world in which he lived.

Q: John Muir helped to establish ________ National Park.

Q: The first and best-known mining discovery in the United States took place in ________.

Q: The most valuable crop in California in the late 1800s was ________.

Q: The first attempt to collectively organize farmers came in 1867 when ________ founded the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry.

Q: In 1903, Du Bois published ____________a major analysis of race in America.

Q: W.E.B. Du Bois became the first black man to receive a Ph.D. from ________.

Q: The first ________ Conference was held in London in 1900.

Q: In 1894, Bishop Henry Turner founded the ________.

Q: In the 1890s, black leaders lobbied to make the ________ an all-black state.

Q: When a band of Sioux Indians left their reservation in December 1890, many of them were massacred by the U.S. Army at ________.

Q: The tactic of seeking out Indians who divided into small groups during the winter in order to exterminate them was introduced by ________.

Q: Frederick Jackson Turner considered the end of the ________ a milestone in United States history.

Q: Most of the longhorn cattle slaughtered for the urban markets of the East came originally from the state of ________.

Q: Discuss how magazines shaped (or reflected) the American public's image of the West.

Q: Trace the attempts of the farmers to organize during the late nineteenth century as a means of confronting the economic and social problems they faced during that period.

Q: Describe the conditions of blacks in the South during the late nineteenth century and discuss how blacks and their leaders attempted to cope with those circumstances.

Q: Imagine that you were a white tenant farmer in the South during the late nineteenth century. Describe the conditions of your existence at that time.

Q: Discuss the goals of the New South advocates and evaluate the extent to which the South achieved those goals during the last half of the nineteenth century.

Q: Discuss the concept of the Ghost Dance and explain why you think that some Indians ultimately resorted to it in their confrontation with white settlers on the Great Plains during the late nineteenth century.

Q: Contrast the white perspective toward the Indians living on the Great Plains during the late nineteenth century with the Indians' view of white settlement in that area during the same period.

Q: Discuss the conditions and developments that affected the cattle industry during the last half of the nineteenth century.

Q: Discuss the major changes that occurred in American agriculture during the last half of the nineteenth century.

Q: Discuss the major problems that the American farmer faced during the last half of the nineteenth century.