Q&A Hero

Q: An important new factor that influenced American foreign policy after 1865 was A) the inflationary economic conditions in the United States between 1865 and 1900. B) a reduction in world trade. C) public opinion. D) the discovery of gold in California.

Q: A favorite target of Christian missionaries in the late nineteenth century was A) Europe. B) China. C) Canada. D) Latin America.

Q: Between the Civil War and the Spanish-American War, an important aspect of the missionary impulse in American foreign policy was A) a belief in the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race. B) opposition to missionary interference in native cultures. C) a belief that each country had a right to develop its institutions as it saw fit. D) strict adherence to the Christian concept that all people are equal in the sight of God.

Q: A major advocate for achieving national power through naval supremacy was A) Josiah Strong. B) William Jennings Bryan. C) Alfred T. Mahan. D) John Dewey.

Q: During the 1890s, a group of men led by Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge A) opposed American expansion outside the western hemisphere. B) endorsed Bryan's anti-imperialistic concepts. C) promoted a highly nationalistic foreign policy for the United States. D) endorsed a policy of "continentalism."

Q: One of the factors that promoted America's search for new markets between 1865 and 1900 was A) industrial and agricultural overproduction. B) an increase in domestic consumption. C) a decline in American industrial production because of the depression of 1893. D) a decline in demand for American goods abroad.

Q: An increase in American international commerce during the late nineteenth century necessitated a A) devaluation of the dollar. B) decrease in government spending. C) strong navy. D) policy of isolation.

Q: An important factor in promoting the shift in American foreign policy after the Civil War was A) France's invasion of Mexico. B) support for Secretary of State Seward's expansionist policy. C) the search for markets for American products. D) Great Britain's refusal to pay the Alabama claims.

Q: The historian who developed the thesis that "the dominant fact in American life has been expansion" was A) Frederick J. Turner. B) Alfred T. Mahan. C) Gary B. Nash. D) Josiah Strong.

Q: In world affairs, by 1895, the United States had A) an army smaller than Bulgaria's. B) developed a consistent foreign policy for enlarging its role as a world leader. C) a highly professional diplomatic corps. D) one of the larger navies in the world.

Q: In the Venezuela boundary dispute, the United States A) attempted to colonize Venezuela. B) invoked the Monroe Doctrine. C) disapproved of the Olney Corollary. D) sided with Great Britain.

Q: The annexation of Hawaii to the United States was A) opposed by President Harrison. B) opposed by President Cleveland. C) supported by Queen Liliuokalani. D) supported by President Cleveland.

Q: As a factor in its foreign policy during the late nineteenth century, the United States A) showed little interest in acquiring territory in the Pacific Ocean region. B) drove Great Britain and Germany out of Pago Pago. C) renounced interest in building a canal across Central America. D) indicated its interest in building an American-controlled canal in Nicaragua.

Q: As part of his foreign policy goals, President Grant A) rejected the Monroe Doctrine. B) opposed Congress's attempts to extend U.S. influence into Latin America. C) defended the principle of self-determination. D) attempted to annex Santo Domingo.

Q: During the first 50 years after independence, American foreign policy was concerned primarily with A) trans-Atlantic commercial trade. B) imperialism. C) continental expansion. D) national armament.

Q: Nineteenth-century Americans tended to believe that in world affairs the United States A) should support the establishment of the League of Nations. B) had a special mission. C) should remain totally isolated. D) should commit itself to maintaining world order.

Q: While the United States Senate debated whether to ratify the Treaty of Paris, American soldiers in the Philippines A) maintained a tense truce with the Filipino soldiers. B) helped establish a Filipino-controlled government in the islands. C) were being quietly withdrawn from the islands. D) helped the Filipinos celebrate the expulsion of the Spanish from the islands.

Q: In 1871, a fire destroyed the city of A) San Francisco. B) Buffalo. C) Chicago. D) New Orleans.

Q: Immigrants in cities were joined by A) rural Americans. B) timber workers. C) Native Americans. D) European monarchs.

Q: Many rural Americans entering cities had been pushed out of agricultural labor by A) Latin American labor competition. B) Asian American immigration. C) African American sharecroppers. D) the invention of machinery.

Q: The Chinese met with a violent backlash in the state of A) Massachusetts. B) New York. C) New Jersey. D) California.

Q: In 1886, workers erected the American urban landmark known as the A) Golden Gate Bridge. B) Statue of Liberty. C) Liberty Bell. D) Twin Towers.

Q: Much of the population growth in northeastern cities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century came from A) Latin America. B) Asia C) Northern Europe. D) Southern and Eastern Europe.

Q: In the working-class neighborhoods of American industrial cities in the three decades after the Civil War, A) ethnic groups often gathered in a particular area. B) there was no intermingling of ethnic groups. C) working families were unable to create any kind of community life because of the deplorable conditions. D) living conditions were generally sanitary and healthy.

Q: Manufacturing shifted to cities as power systems shifted from water to A) steam. B) electricity. C) nuclear. D) solar.

Q: By 1900, the number of Americans who lived in cities had grown to ________ percent. A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 50

Q: In 1889, Jane Addams and her friend, ____________, helped start Hull House in Chicago.

Q: The reformer ____________ campaigned for social justice and a welfare state to improve city poor.

Q: In New York City, the ____________Settlement campaigned for small parks and the opening of schoolyards on weekends.

Q: The outbreak of diseases such as __________ made urban living dangerous in the late 1800s.

Q: The public battle over __________in San Jose, California, in the 1870s illustrates the passions the issue aroused in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

Q: In New Mexico, the ___________ exploited local Mexican Americans for cheap lands.

Q: New York City's political machine, Tammany Hall, was operated by the _________ party.

Q: In 1898, the city of __________ consolidated into a large metropolis.

Q: Chicago's counterpart in the West was _________, a city founded by the Gold Rush of 1849.

Q: The _________immigration station was the first stop for most immigrants arriving in New York City in the 1890s.

Q: What explains the rise and historical significance of the department store?

Q: Describe the growth of Chicago.

Q: How did the population of American cities change from 1880 to 1920?

Q: Describe the Pullman company strike that developed in the 1890s.

Q: What conditions did blacks face in urban America in 1900?

Q: Describe a working-class neighborhood scene in New York City in 1900.

Q: All urban reformers were elitist.

Q: By 1900, less than a dozen settlement houses existed in the United States, mostly in small towns.

Q: Urban reformers were influenced by the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Q: The Tenement Reform Law of 1879 was designed to improve living conditions for tenement dwellers.

Q: Charles Sheldon's 1897 novel In His Steps influenced a generation to abandon American cities.

Q: Dwight Moody preached a traditional evangelical Christianity in cities.

Q: The Lower East Side of Manhattan witnessed the emergence of the first settlement home.

Q: Settlement houses in the United States were the same as those in England.

Q: In the 1890s, many Protestant ministers embraced the A) Social Gospel Movement. B) Ashcan school. C) decline of the Protestant Church. D) increase of Catholicism.

Q: In 1893 a World's Columbian Exposition took place in the city of A) New York. B) Seattle. C) New Orleans. D) Chicago.

Q: Public art and civic beautification projects became known as the A) "City Beautiful" movement. B) "Recycling Campaign." C) "Keep American Green" movement. D) "Utopian movement"

Q: In 1890 Jacob Riis wrote A) How the Other Half Lives. B) The Jungle. C) Christianity and the Social Crises. D) Christianizing the Social Order.

Q: One of the first targets of urban reform was New York's A) Indian reservations. B) Central Park. C) tenements. D) opera houses.

Q: Settlement houses were formed for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to A) gather data to alleviate social misery through legislation. B) give college-educated women meaningful work. C) assist American men adjust to new gender roles. D) assist immigrants in adjusting to American life.

Q: One of the most famous settlement houses was created in Chicago by A) Elizabeth Stanton. B) Susan B. Anthony. C) Jane Addams. D) Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Q: All of the following influenced middle-class reformers in the United States EXCEPT A) Victor Hugo. B) Karl Marx. C) Leo Tolstoy. D) Adolph Hitler.

Q: A sympathy strike against Pullman was led by A) Eugene Debs. B) Nelson Rockefeller. C) Andrew Carnegie. D) Bill Gates.

Q: A model industrial town was created near Chicago at A) Peoria. B) Utopia. C) Pullman. D) South Bend.

Q: Industrialists sought more remote sites for new factories by 1900 because of all the following reasons EXCEPT A) labor conflicts. B) deteriorating conditions of cities. C) Native American land claims. D) higher land prices.

Q: In 1885 in Chicago an architectural urban wonder appeared, known as the A) Brooklyn Bridge. B) skyscraper. C) Chunnel. D) Hoover Dam.

Q: New suburbs for elites were promoted by A) railroad companies. B) airline companies. C) mining interests. D) the working poor.

Q: In 1899, W. E. B. DuBois wrote A) The Philadelphia Negro. B) Up from Slavery. C) The Souls of Black Folk. D) Reconstruction in the South.

Q: New York neighborhoods were divided by A) age. B) gender. C) gang affiliation. D) ethnicity.

Q: By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the antebellum "walking city" A) expanded. B) remained the same. C) disappeared. D) declined slightly.

Q: Presidents Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison set aside ________ reserves. A) fish B) forest C) marine D) vernal pool

Q: All of the following were pollution problems of nineteenth century cities EXCEPT A) coal dust and fumes. B) ashes in the air. C) acidic soil. D) radiation contamination.

Q: In 1904, Lincoln Steffens wrote A) The Jungle. B) Silent Spring C) The Shame of the Cities. D) Sister Carrie.

Q: All of the following statements are true regarding the consumption of alcohol in the United States in the late 1800s EXCEPT: A) The annual consumption of alcohol was increasing. B) Many Americans considered drinking a serious social problem. C) Women supported temperance in large numbers. D) Alcohol was not a serious political issue.

Q: All of the following statements are true regarding American voters in the late 1800s EXCEPT: A) All voters were men. B) Local issues and a celebratory atmosphere drew men to the polls. C) Voters showed an interest in emotional issues D) Alcohol was not a major issue on election day.

Q: Voter turnout in the 1880s hovered around _______ percent. A) 78.5 B) 65 C) 54.5 D) 33.5

Q: One of the most famous political machines was New York's A) Ryker's Island. B) Brooklyn Cohort. C) Tammany Hall. D) Chicago Club.

Q: All of the following are true regarding urban bosses EXCEPT they A) received bribes and kickbacks. B) helped run city services and political machines. C) were charismatic personalities. D) were rarely corrupt.

Q: In 1891, the second largest city in the West, behind San Francisco, was A) Portland. B) San Diego. C) Los Angeles. D) Medford.

Q: Atlanta was known as the "Chicago of the South" because of its proximity to a A) nuclear power plant. B) railroad hub. C) stockyards. D) high mountains.

Q: Between 1870 and 1890, the population doubled in the city of A) San Francisco. B) Buffalo. C) Chicago. D) New Orleans.

Q: White workers in the West blamed the ________ for economic hardships.

Q: The ____________ attempted to wrestle an eight-hour day from mining companies.

Q: In 1892, ________ in Coeur d"Alene, Idaho, struck for higher wages.