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Finance

Q: A zero-sum situation is a situation in which individuals are so linked together that there is a positive correlation between their goal attainments.

Q: When the goals of two or more people are interconnected so that only one can achieve the goalsuch as running a race in which there will be only one winnerthis is a competitive situation, also known as a non-zero-sum or distributive situation.

Q: It is possible to ignore intangibles, because they affect our judgment about what is fair, or right, or appropriate in the resolution of the tangibles.

Q: The parties prefer to negotiate and search for agreement rather than to fight openly, have one side dominate and the other capitulate, permanently break off contact, or take their dispute to a higher authority to resolve it.

Q: A creative negotiation that meets the objectives of all sides may not require compromise.

Q: Negotiation situations have fundamentally the same characteristics.

Q: Many of the most important factors that shape a negotiation result do not occur during the negotiation, but occur after the parties have negotiated.

Q: Negotiation is a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent advocate for an organized lobby.

Q: Parties who employ the ____________ strategy maintain their own aspirations and try to persuade the other party to yield.

Q: The two-dimensional framework called the ____________________________________ postulates that people in conflict have two independent types of concern.

Q: The objective is not to eliminate conflict but to learn how to manage it to control the ____________ elements while enjoying the productive aspects.

Q: Most people initially believe that ____________ is always bad or dysfunctional.

Q: ________________________ is analyzed as it affects the ability of the group to make decisions, work productively, resolve its differences, and continue to achieve its goals effectively.

Q: Most actual negotiations are a combination of claiming and ____________ value processes.

Q: Two of the dilemmas in mutual adjustment that all negotiators face are the dilemma of ____________ and the dilemma of _________.

Q: When one party accepts a change in his or her position, a ____________ has been made.

Q: Negotiations often begin with statements of opening _________.

Q: Negotiation is a ____________ that transforms over time.

Q: When parties are interdependent, they have to find a way to ____________ their differences.

Q: Whether you should or should not agree on something in a negotiation depends entirely upon the attractiveness to you of the best available ______.

Q: The ____________ of people's goals, and the ____________ of the situation in which they are going to negotiate, strongly shapes negotiation processes and outcomes.

Q: The mix of convergent and conflicting goals characterizes many ____________ relationships.

Q: Independent parties are able to meet their own ____________ without the help and assistance of others.

Q: Successful negotiation involves the management of ____________ (e.g., the price or the terms of agreement) and also the resolution of _________.

Q: There are times when you should _________ negotiate.

Q: Negotiating parties always negotiate by _________.

Q: The term ____________ is used to describe the competitive, win-lose situations such as haggling over price that happens at yard sale, flea market, or used car lot.

Q: People ____________ all the time.

Q: The following is an incomplete statement of common shareholders equity (in millions of dollars).Balance, December 31, 2004760Net income?Common dividends?Issue of common stock102Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities8Foreign currency translation loss(6)Balance, December 31, 2005963The firm has no net debt (a pure equity firm) and reported an after-tax operating profit margin of 12 % on sales of $912 million in its income statement for 2005. All operating expenses in the income statement are involved in generating core income.Calculate the following for 2005:(a) Net income and comprehensive income(b) Free cash flow(c) Dividends paid to common shareholders(d) Core return on net operating assets (on beginning-of-year balance sheet)(e) Asset turnover

Q: The following were extracted from a financial report for a 2008 fiscal year (in millions of dollars):The firm has a statutory tax rate of 35%.(a) What was operating income (after tax) for 2008?(b) What was common shareholders equity at the end of 2008?(c) Net operating assets (NOA) grew by 5% over the year. Calculate free cash flow for 2008.(d) What was the return on net operating assets (RNOA) for 2008 (on beginning-of-year NOA)?(e) Net payout to shareholders for 2008 was $6 million. What was common shareholders equity at the beginning of 2008?(f) Show that the financing leverage equation (that reconciles return on common equity, ROCE, to RNOA) holds for this firm.(g) Forecast residual operating income for fiscal year 2009 based on the information you have identified. Use a required return for operations of 10%.(h) Estimate the equity value at the end of 2008 based on the following forecasts:i. RNOA will continue in the future at the same level as in 2008.ii. Net operating assets will grow at the same rate as in 2008.(i) Calculate the levered P/B and unlevered (enterprise) P/B implied by your calculations. Show that the following formula holds:Levered P/B = Unlevered P/B + [Financial leverage x (Unlevered P/B -1)](j) The (equity) market capitalization for this firm is $110 million. If you think that your forecasts of profitability and growth in part (h) of the question are appropriate, what is your expected return to buying the enterprise at the current market price?

Q: A junior colleague of yours has prepared the following pro forma to indicate his forecasts for a firm (in millions of dollars):The interest expense relates to bonds payable with an effective interest rate of 5% equal to the coupon rate. The firms tax rate is 35%. There are no financial assets.There are four things wrong with this pro forma. Can you spot them? (You are not required to re-work the pro forma).

Q: Explain in no more than 50 words why it is common that firms with higher return on net operating assets (RNOA) also have negative free cash flow. Also explain why such firms tend to have above-average forward P/E.

Q: The following summarizes reformulated balance sheets at the end of fiscal years 2008 and 2007 (in millions of dollars):Comprehensive income for 2008 was $7 million.Free cash flow for 2008 was $3 million.(a) What was operating income (after tax) for 2008?(b) What was net financial expense (after tax) for 2008?(c) What was the net payment to shareholders?

Q: The following numbers were calculated from the financial statements of a firm for fiscal year 2006. Net operating assets $107.5 million Net financial obligations 22.7 million Asset turnover, 2006 1.9 Core operating profit-margin, after tax 7.5% (a) Calculate the core return on net operating assets for 2006. (b) You forecast that the core profit margin and asset turnover in the future will be the same as in 2006. You also forecast that sales will grow at 4% per year in the future. The firms required return for its operations is 9%. (i) Calculate the enterprise price-to-book ratio and enterprise value. (ii) Calculate the levered price-to-book ratio. (c) The firms 52 million outstanding shares are trading at $4.75 each. Given your forecasts, what is your expected rate of return from buying the firm at this price?

Q: Reformulate the following income statement (in millions of dollars): Sales 2,400 Operating expenses to generate sales Loss from real estate partnership (1,650) (100) Interest income 40 Interest expense (160) 530 Income tax expense 159 Net income 371 The firms statutory tax rate is 35%. What is the effective tax rate on operating income from sales?

Q: The following are summaries from financial statements for the warehouse retailer, Home Depot Inc. for fiscal year ending January 29, 2006:Summary Reformulated Balance Sheet, January 29, 2006(in millions of dollars)Where relevant, make all calculations for 2006 with beginning-of-period balance sheet numbers in the questions below.(a) Calculate the following from these statements:1> Financial leverage at the end of fiscal year, 20052> Operating liability leverage at the end of fiscal year, 2005(b) Home Depot estimates that it pays an implicit after-tax borrowing cost on its operating liabilities of 2% after tax. Calculate the rate of return it would have earned from its operations had it not used this supplier financing.(c) Calculate the return on net operating assets (RNOA) for the 2006. Also calculate the core return on net operating assets for the year.(d) Show that Core RNOA = Core Profit Margin Asset Turnover(e) The firm has a net borrowing cost of 3.0% after tax. Calculate the return on common equity (ROCE) for 2006.(f) Complete the income statement to report the after-tax net financial expenses for 2006 and comprehensive income.(g) In an article in the Financial Times on September 9th of this year, Mark Sellers, a hedge fund manage in Chicago, argued that Home Depot should borrow $17 billion to repurchase its stock. Suppose that core operating profitability and the net borrowing cost were forecasted to be the same for 2007 as in 2006. What return on common equity (ROCE) would you forecast for 2007 under the following conditions:1> Home Depot did not made the stock repurchase2> Home Depot made the stock repurchase on January 29, 2006

Q: A firm whose equity traded at $41.67 per share at the end of 2004 in expected to earn $2.50 per share in 2005 and $2.85 in 2006. The firm pays no dividends. Set the long-term growth rate for residual earnings equal to the GDP growth rate of 4 percent. Given these forecasts, what is the rate of return you expect to earn from buying the shares?

Q: The following are summary income statement and balance sheet numbers for a firm (in millions of dollars). The firm has a required return for operations of 9%.(a) Prepare a table on the next page giving the following for 2003- 2005. Use beginning-of-period balance sheet numbers in denominators.Return on common equity (ROCE)Return on net operating assets (RNOA)Core return on net operating assets (Core RNOA)Free cash flowNet payments to common shareholdersNet payments to net debt holdersAsset turnoverCore profit marginGrowth rate for net operating assets(b) On the basis of these financial statements, forecast(i) Residual operating income for 2006 and 2007.(ii) Abnormal operating income growth for 2007.(c) Value the equity using two methods:(i) Residual operating income valuation(ii) Abnormal operating income growth valuation(d) Calculate the enterprise price-to-book ratio implied by your valuation. Also, calculate the enterprise trailing and forward P/E ratios implied by your valuation.(e) After making your valuation you discover (in footnotes) that the firm has 37 million employee stock options outstanding, valued at $10 per option. The firms tax rate is 35%.How does this information modify your calculation of the enterprise price-to-book ratio?

Q: Below are some summary numbers for a firm for fiscal years 2004 and 2005 (in millions of dollars).(a) Calculate return on common equity (ROCE), return on net operating assets (RNOA), and net borrowing cost (NBC) for the two years.(b) How much of the change in ROCE over the two years is due to:(I) Change in profit margin(II) Change in asset turnover(III) Change in financial leverage(IV) Change in borrowing costs?

Q: From the following information, calculate comprehensive income for fiscal year 2005. Amounts are in millions of dollars.

Q: Cisco Systems traded at $20 per share on December 3, 2001. Analysts are forecasting earnings per share of 0.22 for 2002 and 0.39 for 2003. The firm does not pay dividends. Value Cisco on the assumption that abnormal earnings growth forecasted for 2003 will continue at the same level into the future. Use a cost of equity capital of 10%.

Q: The following is from the statement of shareholders equity for Intel Corporation for 2000 (in millions of dollars). Intel faces a 38% tax rate.Balance, December 25, 1999 32,535Net income 10,535Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities (3,596)Issuance of shares through employee stock plans, net of tax benefit of $887 million 1,684Reclassification of put warrant obligation 130Amortization of unearned compensation 26Conversion of subordinated notes to common stock (market value of stock was $350 million) 207Repurchase of common stock (4,007)Cash dividends (470)Issuance of shares for acquisitions 278 37,322Calculate comprehensive income to Intels shareholders for 2000, being sure to include any hidden dirty surplus expenses.

Q: Below is a summary of part of IBMs Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2001 (in millions of dollars). The firm faces a 37% statutory tax rate.Net cash provided from operating activities 9,274Cash flow from investing activities:Payments for plant, rental machines and other property (5,616)Proceeds from disposition of plant, rental machines and other property 1,619Investment in software (565)Purchases of marketable securities (1,079)Proceeds from marketable securities 1,393Net cash used in investing activities (4,248) Supplemental data:Cash paid during the year for:Income taxes 2,697Interest paid 1,447Interest received 617(a) From this information, calculate free cash flow for 2001.(b) What was the net amount of cash paid out of the firm in financing activities during 2001?

Q: Part AThe following is a condensed version of the statement of shareholders equity for Dell Computer Corporation for fiscal year ending January 31, 2003 (in millions of dollars):Balance at February 1, 2002Net incomeUnrealized gain on debt investmentsUnrealized loss on derivative instrumentsForeign currency translation gainComprehensive incomeShares issued on exercise of options, including tax benefits of $260Repurchase of 50 millions sharesOther information:1> Dells tax rate is 35%2> The repurchase occurred when the stock traded at $28 per share.Required:Prepare a reformulated statement of shareholders equity for 2003 for Dell Computer Corporation. The reformulated statement should identify comprehensive income.Part BThe following is extracted from Dells balance sheet at January 31, 2003 (in millions of dollars):Net financial assetsCommon equity (2,579 million shares outstanding) 9,1674,873Analysts are forecasting consensus earnings per share of $1.01 for the year ending January 31, 2004.a. Calculate net operating assets at January 31, 2003.b. Net financial assets are expected to earn an after-tax return of 4% in 2004. What is the forecast of operating income implicit in the analysts eps forecast?c. Forecast the residual operating income for 2004 that is implicit in the analysts forecast. Use a required annual return for operations of 9%.d. Dells shares are currently trading at $34 each. With the above information, value the shares under the following set of scenarios using residual income methods:(i) Sales will grow at 5% per year after 2004.(ii) Operating assets and operating liabilities with both grow at 5% per year after 2003.(iii) Operating profit margins (after tax) will be the same as these forecasted for 2004.e. Under the same scenarios, forecast free cash flow for 2004.f. Under the same scenarios, forecast abnormal growth in operating income for 2005.g. Show that, with a long term growth rate of 5%, the following formula will give the same value as that in part (d) of the question:where G2 is the (one plus) cum-dividend growth rate in operating income two years ahead and g is (one plus) the long-term growth rate.

Q: Below is an excerpt from the cash flow statement of a firm for fiscal year 2003:Required:a. Calculate free cash flow for 2003.b. Calculate net payments to debt holders and issuers for 2003.c. Calculate comprehensive income for 2003.

Q: At the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2003, Microsoft reported common equity of $64.9 billion on its balance sheet, with $49.0 billion invested in financial assets (in the form of cash equivalents and short term investments) and no financing debt. For fiscal year 2004, the firm reported $7.4 billion in comprehensive income, of which $1.1 billion was after-tax earnings on the financial assets. This month Microsoft is distributing $34 billion of financial assets to shareholders in the form of a special dividend. a. Calculate Microsofts return on common equity (ROCE) for 2004. b. Holding all else constant what would Microsofts ROCE be after the payout of $34 billion? c. Would you expect the payout to increase or decrease earnings growth in the future? Why? d. What effect would you expect the payout to have on the value of a Microsoft share?

Q: TEST NUMBER 7The following summarizes reformulated balance sheets at the end of fiscal years 2008 and 2007 (in millions of dollars):(a) What was operating income (after tax) for 2008?(b) What was net financial expense (after tax) for 2008?(c) What was the net payment to shareholders?

Q: The following numbers were calculated from the financial statements of a firm for fiscal year 2006.Net operating assets $107.5 millionNet financial obligations 22.7 millionAsset turnover, 2006 1.9Core operating profit-margin, after tax 7.5%(a) Calculate the core return on net operating assets for 2006.(b) You forecast that the core profit margin and asset turnover in the future will be the same as in 2006. You also forecast that sales will grow at 4% per year in the future. The firm’s required return for its operations is 9%. (i) Calculate the enterprise price-to-book ratio and enterprise value. (ii) Calculate the levered price-to-book ratio.(c) The firm’s 52 million outstanding shares are trading at $4.75 each. Given your forecasts, what is your expected rate of return from buying the firm at this price?

Q: The following are summaries from financial statements for the warehouse retailer, Home Depot Inc. for fiscal year ending January 29, 2006:Summary Reformulated Balance Sheet, January 29, 2006(in millions of dollars)Where relevant, make all calculations for 2006 with beginning-of-period balance sheet numbers in the questions below.(g) Calculate the following from these statements: 1. Financial leverage at the end of fiscal year, 2005 2. Operating liability leverage at the end of fiscal year, 2005(h) Home Depot estimates that it pays an implicit after-tax borrowing cost on its operating liabilities of 2% after tax. Calculate the rate of return it would have earned from its operations had it not used this supplier financing(i) Calculate the return on net operating assets (RNOA) for the 2006. Also calculate the core return on net operating assets for the year.(j) Show that Core RNOA = Core Profit Margin × Asset Turnover(k) The firm has a net borrowing cost of 3.0% after tax. Calculate the return on common equity (ROCE) for 2006.(l) Complete the income statement to report the after-tax net financial expenses for 2006 and comprehensive income.(m) In an article in the Financial Times on September 9th of this year, Mark Sellers, a hedge fund manage in Chicago, argued that Home Depot should borrow $17 billion to repurchase its stock. Suppose that core operating profitability and the net borrowing cost were forecasted to be the same for 2007 as in 2006. What return on common equity (ROCE) would you forecast for 2007 under the following conditions: 1. Home Depot did not made the stock repurchase 2. Home Depot made the stock repurchase on January 29, 2006

Q: TEST NUMBER 6Time allowed: 90 minutesTotal Points: 40 The following is an incomplete statement of common shareholders’ equity (in millions of dollars).The firm has no net debt (a pure equity firm) and reported an after-tax operating profit margin of 12 ½% on sales of $912 million in its income statement for 2005. All operating expenses in the income statement are involved in generating core income.Calculate the following for 2005:(a) Net income and comprehensive income(b) Free cash flow(c) Dividends paid to common shareholders(d) Core return on net operating assets (on beginning-of-year balance sheet(e) Asset turnover

Q: TEST NUMBER 5Time allowed: 90 minutesTotal Points: 40From the following information, calculate comprehensive income for fiscal year 2005. Amounts are in millions of dollars.

Q: TEST NUMBER 4At the time that of its 10-Q filing of financial statements for the first half of its January 2002 fiscal year, Home Depot’s shares traded at $50 per share. The following are summaries from those financial statements.According to financial statement footnotes, Home Depot’s statutory tax rate (combined Federal and State rates) is 39%. Other comprehensive income (not in net earnings above) is negligible. Use a required six-month return for operations of 4% in calculations below.(a)Calculate the following from these statements:1. Financial leverage2. Operating liability leverage3. After-tax profit margin(b) Home Depot earned a return on beginning net operating assets (RNOA) of 9.3% for the six months ending July 29, 2001.1. What was the asset turnover during these six months?2. What was the residual operating income over the six months?(c) Calculate the free cash flow generated by operations during the six months.(d) At the current market price of $50 per share, what growth rate for residual operating income does the market forecast for the future?(e) Calculate Home Depot’s price-to-sales ratio for trailing six-month sales.(f) If both profit margin and asset turnover are expected to continue at their current levels in the future, what is the sales growth rate forecast implied in the price-to-sales ratio?

Q: TEST NUMBER 3This exam comes in two parts. Part I involves an analysis of a set of financial statements and Part II involves forecasting and valuation based on those financial statements.Part I: Analysis (20 Points)The following is a comparative balance sheet for a firm for fiscal year 2002 (in millions of dollars): 20022001 20022001Operating cash6050 Accounts payable1,2001,040Short-term investments (at market)550500 Accrued liabilities390450Accounts receivable940790 Long-term debt1,8401,970Inventory910840 Property and plant2,840 2,710 Common equity1,870 1,430 5,300 4,890 5,300 4,890The following is the statement of common shareholders’ equity for 2002 (in millions of dollars):Balance, end of fiscal year 20011,430Share issues from exercised employee stock options810Repurchase of 24 million shares(720)Cash dividend(180)Tax benefit from exercise of employee stock options12Unrealized gain on investments50Net income468Balance, end of fiscal year 20021,870The firm’s income tax rate is 35%. The firm reported $15 million in interest income and $98 million in interest expense for 2002. Sales revenue was $3,726 million.a. Calculate the loss to shareholders from the exercise of employee stock options during 2002.b. The shares repurchased were in settlement of a forward purchase agreement. The market price of the shares at the time of the repurchase was $25 each. What was the effect of this transaction on the income for the shareholders?c. Prepare a comprehensive income statement that distinguishes after-tax operating income from financing income and expense. Include gains or losses from the transactions in questions (a) and (b) above.d. Prepare a reformulated comparative balance sheet that distinguishes assets and liabilities employed in operations from those employed in financing activities. Calculate the firms’ financial leverage and operating liability leverage at the end of 2002.e. Calculate free cash flow for 2002. Part II: Forecasting and Valuation (20 Points)Use a cost of capital for operations of 9%.Sales revenue is forecasted to grow at a 6% rate per year in the future, on a constant asset turnover of 1.25. Operating profit margins of 14% are expected to be earned each year.a. Forecast return on net operating assets (RNOA) for 2003.b. Forecast residual operating income for 2003.c. Value the shareholders’ equity at the end of the 2002 fiscal year using residual income methods.d. Forecast abnormal growth in operating income for 2004.e. Value the shareholders’ equity at the end of 2002 using abnormal earnings growth methods.f. After reading the stock compensation footnote for this firm, you note that there are employee stock options on 28 million shares outstanding at the end of 2002. A modified Black-Scholes valuation of these options is $15 each. How does this information change your valuation?

Q: TEST NUMBER 2Below is an excerpt from the cash flow statement of a firm for fiscal year 2003:Required:a. Calculate free cash flow for 2003.b. Calculate net payments to debt holders and issuers for 2003.c. Calculate comprehensive income for 2003.(30 points).

Q: A bank originates $150,000,000 worth of 30-year single-family mortgages funded by demand deposits and the required amount of capital. Reserve requirements are 10% and the bank pays 32 basis points in deposit insurance premiums. The bank is earning a 6.25% coupon on the mortgages. The mortgages are priced at par and total monthly payments on the mortgages are $923,576. If the bank can originate and securitize this amount of mortgages with the same terms four times over the next year (including the existing mortgages) and the bank earns a servicing fee each month equal to 3.5% of the monthly payments, what will be the bank's monthly fee income 12 months from now? A. $110,456 B. $116,432 C. $122,673 D. $129,301 E. $133,444

Q: A four-class CMO has Class A, Class B, Class C, and the residual Class Z securities outstanding. Which class has the longest duration? A. Class A B. Class B C. Class C D. Class Z E. All have the same duration

Q: The act of buying a share in a loan syndication with limited contractual control and rights over the borrower is called a A. correspondent loan. B. loan assignment. C. HLT loan. D. loan participation. E. distressed loan.

Q: Fraudulent conveyance proceedings are A. charges that a loan was improperly sold according to the conditions of the original loan agreement. B. charges of improprieties in HLTs. C. evidence of moral hazard on the part of the loan buyer. D. illegal methods to boost borrower's earnings to increase probability of loan acceptance. E. the primary cause of the subprime mortgage crisis.

Q: Loan sales are likely to continue because I. they can increase near term reported earnings. II. they reduce the amount of capital required. III. more corporate borrowers have access to the commercial paper market. A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. II only E. I, II, and III

Q: Banks were willing to swap LDC loans for Brady bonds because: A. Brady bonds carried higher interest rates than the loans. B. the bonds had variable interest rates. C. the bonds were marketable and the loans were not. D. the bonds were uncollateralized. E. none of the above

Q: A loan that finances a merger or acquisition that results in a high-leverage ratio for the borrower is called a A. correspondent loan. B. CMO. C. HLT loan. D. low-recourse loan. E. distressed loan.

Q: Important buyers of loans include all but which one of the following? A. Foreign banks B. Insurance companies C. Closed-end bank loan mutual funds D. Vulture funds E. Credit unions

Q: You own a mortgage-backed security and you will receive fixed semiannual interest payments and no principle payments as long as prepayments remain within a given range. If prepayments move outside the range, you will receive prepayments. You must be holding a ______________________. A. class C or lower sequential pay CMO B. PAC CMO C. PO security D. pass-through security E. CDO

Q: If a mortgage pass-through experiences smaller prepayments than expected early on in the life of the security, the result will be that pass-through holders will receive _______ than expected cash flows early on and _______ than expected cash flows later on. A. greater; less B. greater; greater C. less; greater D. less; less E. less; no different

Q: Characteristics of loan participations include: I. the loan participant is not a primary creditor on the loan. II. the original lender can change some loan terms without the participant's permission. III. participations are without recourse. A. I only B. II only C. II and III only D. I and II only E. I, II, and III

Q: In a loan participation, which of the following is/are true? I. The loan buyer has no part in the original underlying credit agreement, even after purchase of the loan. II. If the selling bank fails, the loan buyer's claim against the selling bank may be treated as unsecured. III. In the event the selling bank fails, the original borrower's deposits may be used to reduce the loan amount without any proceeds going to the loan buyer. A. I only B. II only C. II and III only D. I and II only E. I, II, and III

Q: For a loan sold with recourse, A. the loan seller has no further obligation at all to the loan buyer. B. the loan seller removes the assets from the balance sheet and does not report a contingent liability in the footnotes. C. the loan buyer cannot collect from the loan seller in the event of borrower default. D. no reserve requirement is imposed. E. none of the above

Q: Which one of the following types of transactions leaves the assets on the balance sheet? A. Loan sale without recourse B. GNMA pass-throughs backed by mortgages placed in trust C. CMOs issued using mortgage pool as collateral D. Mortgage-backed bonds issued E. None of the above

Q: A pass-through security is best characterized as A. a multiclass mortgage-backed bond. B. a security with a pro rata claim to the underlying pool of assets. C. a bond backed by real estate. D. a part of a loan assignment. E. a part of a loan participation.

Q: In selling loans, FIs act as an asset _____ and in creating CMOs, FIs act as an asset _____. A. transformer; broker B. transformer; transformer C. broker; broker D. broker; transformer

Q: Advantages of loan sales and securitization typically include all but which one of the following? A. Reduction in credit risk B. Reduction in interest rate risk C. Increase in liquidity of the balance sheet D. Reduction in regulatory tax burden E. Increase in net interest income

Q: A CMO is a multiclass pass-through that helps investors choose the amount of prepayment risk they will face.

Q: Because of the government backing, investors in GNMA pass-throughs are guaranteed to earn at least the T-bill rate on their investments.

Q: An advantage of securitization and loan sales over interest rate swaps as a risk-management tool is that securitization, by removing loans from the balance sheet, reduces the regulatory tax imposed by existing regulations.

Q: An investor in a GNMA mortgage-backed security may be able to earn a return higher than the rate on a comparable maturity Treasury without taking on much, if any, default risk.

Q: When a vulture fund acquires a distressed loan, the fund usually assists the distressed firm's managers in formulating a long-term plan for restoring profitability.

Q: The sale or transfer of assets at less than fair value that occurs at a time when the seller is insolvent is termed fraudulent conveyance.

Q: Under current reserve requirements, bank loan sales with recourse are considered a liability and are subject to reserve requirements.

Q: Advantages of Brady bonds over LDC loans include improved liquidity and higher coupon rates.

Q: Most loan sales are now accomplished in about 10 days.

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